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The article discusses the results of the qualitative sociological research conducted in Sokol and Vologda in Russia regarding people's perception of the signs of pollution. The town of Sokol has several pulp and paper mills and other forest industries that contributed a lot in the pollution of air, water, and soil. Interviews were conducted among local residents and representatives of various sectors of society in Vologda and Sokol. The research aims to know whether the signs of pollution are perceived by people, and whether they are defined under the concepts of "pollution" and "ecological risk."

Hacktivism is a social phenomena which evokes different social assessments. The definitions of a term differ in many respects. This theoretical model of hacktivism has not yet been implemented into an empirical strategy for sociological research. The paper describes the the main initiatives taken by Anonymous collective during the 2014 conflict in Ukraine, which is considered by many researchers to be the first stage of preparation for the war triggered by Russia in 2022. Author analyses the collective's activity in 2022, after the war started, in order to identify similarities and differences in the creation of information messages about the situation. The comparative analysis covers information published in Anonymous' tweets and selected online news services. She asks the question about the possible consequences of Anonymous actions in the open cyber field for the social moods around the world. To what extent these media messages and their construction have reflected the social perception and/or social attitudes towards Russia's aggression? The theoretic explorations were embedded mainly on two methods: criticism of writing and the analytical and comparative one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, much attention has been paid to the study of leisure and analysis of the theory and practice of cultural and leisure activities of young people. This type of research contributes to improving the methodology of cultural and leisure activities in the youth environment. Interest in the problems of young people from the national philosophy, sociology, demography, psychology and pedagogy is constant and stable. Social and philosophical problems of young people as an important demographic group of society, aspects of their self-development and self-realization in the field of leisure have become the subject field of domestic and foreign scientists’ research. In any country, culture museum institutions are centers of selection, attribution, preservation and display of material and spiritual heritage. They are therefore immeasurably important for the of historical consciousness and formation of a nation’s moral and aesthetic positions. Complex social processes taking place in modern Russia actualize a number of problems for cultural institutions, including museums, aimed at the need to understand new realities. Changes taking place in the world increase the cultural and spatial diversity of modern society thanks to digital technologies, which requires a different view of the cultural heritage, as well as a re-evaluation of moral values and the search for new ideals. The research methodology is based on scientific papers related to the study of leisure as a social phenomenon, youth as a special socio-demographic group, and the museum as a specific socio-cultural institution. Theoretical and general logical methods were used in the research process: analysis, synthesis, classification, analogy, generalization, as well as empirical methods (document analysis, questionnaire survey). Various museum events of educational and educational orientation, held in institutions, contribute to improving the effectiveness of communication activities of museums. New methods of interaction with visitors, the use of modern digital technologies to form their diversity are being actively introduced into the activities of Russian museums. All this allows us to say that modern museums are at the stage of active modernization of techniques and methods for implementing social and cultural activities. The museum is interested in finding new forms, methods and methods of working with young people, children and adolescents, primarily related to personal development. In this regard, the Museum is an important institution for the socialization of the younger generation. In the conditions of digitalization, taking in new achievements of scientific and technical progress, being on the threshold of becoming a dynamically developing branch of science, art, business and culture in general, the museum becomes more flexible and mobile thanks to the use of information technologies. The fact that museums still serve as a place of leisure for a large number of people allows us to regularly conduct sociological research aimed at identifying the attitude of visitors, and, first of all, young people, on the problems of development and promotion of museums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a sociological study of the middle class of the Russian region from the standpoint of the characteristics of a post-industrial actor, in which, among other attributes, social participation, self-description and self-reflection are inherent. A data collection method is a semiformalized mass interview. The purpose of the study is to find the characteristics of the subjective middle class in innovative regions of Russia using the example of the Tomsk region. It was revealed that the subjective middle class of the Russian region quite confidently determines its class affiliation. Such actors are mostly independent in determining and achieving personal goals, sovereign in the meaning of recognition of their own life prospects as a priority, and economically active in ensuring their welfare. However, not all the features that are inherent in this post-industrial social stratum are fully revealed. The motives for self-identification with the middle class in the Russian region are still more in tune with the industrial era since they have a material nature. The awareness of the importance of social participation is insufficiently expressed, while participation itself is present in various forms, although not to the extent described in the world scientific literature. It was proved that such a feature of the post-industrial middle class as the ability to act as a driver of social progress is observed to a small extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the dominant morality to which wealthy Russians adhered in their vision of how society should be organized and the role they see for themselves. The interviews with, and observations of, eighty Russian multi-millionaires and billionaires, their spouses, and their children, on which the article is based, were conducted from 2008 to 2017, a time when Russia's rich were most settled in their positions. The interview analysis highlights the role of Soviet history and shows how it is integrated into, and harmonizes with, contemporary upper-class Russians' notions of meritocracy. The author argues that drawing on international sociological research considerably advances our understanding of how Russian elites ideologically construe and morally legitimize the concentration of money and power in their own hands and how they model themselves as "good" in their actions and "deserving" of their fortunes. Conversely, the article suggests that these new findings on Russian elites (in particular, their references to their superior genes and their unwavering preference for private capital as a means to develop society—if necessary, to the detriment of democracy) offer great insights into, and have the potential to complement, established scholarship on Western elites (who emphasize hard work but tend to gloss over biology). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the establishment and peculiarities of cosplay as a youth urban subculture in modern Russia. Cosplay is referred to as a subculture created by young people specifically for themselves, which, in a sense, defines it as elitist as long as it is aimed to form a relatively closed community. The authors demonstrate the possibilities of conducting a sociological analysis of cosplay by means of methodologies of sociology of recreation, sociology of game, sociology of communication and sociology of subculture, which supports a multidisciplinary approach to understanding of new practices in youth subcultures. The study actualizes the problem of constructing a new type of identity through subculture, while enhancing such aspects of cosplay as values and norms, and culture and behavior. The subculture analysis relies on the results of multi-methodological, empirical research in sociology: a mass survey (n=496) and in-depth interviews (n=10) conducted in 2018 with cosplayers in Russia. The techniques of on-line survey and face-to-face interview were used. The study reveals basic motives of cosplayers at the stages of entering the subculture and subculture affiliation; addresses the criteria of self-identification as cosplayers and characterizes the attitude of their immediate environment to the choice of this specific subculture. The low level of identifying cosplay with subculture and the absence of opposition to mainstream societal norms and values is one of the most significant conclusions, which corresponds to growing urban tolerance towards displays of subcultures, the rise of cosplay positive connotations in mass media and reference groups. Furthermore, cosplayers give recreational and communicative components of cosplay priority, thus making cosplay a cultural and ludic “hybrid phenomenon”. This study is one of the pioneering ones to research cosplay in Russia, which accounts for its particular relevance and salience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview of the development of studies of social solidarity in Russia from the mid 19th century to the present day. Basing on the analysis of major works of leading social thinkers of pre-revolutionary Russia which address issues of social solidarity, cooperation and altruism we show that the study of these problems revealed the paradigmatic dichotomy of Russian social thought, reflected, in particular, in the discussions between the Westerners and the Slavophiles. Studies of social solidarity in modern Russia, a review of which is presented in the final part of the present paper, rest upon this rich heritage, but also reflect the current processes in contemporary sociology. Along with this, research on social solidarity is now a necessary component of the study of post-communist social transformations in Russia. In a situation of crisis or social trauma (P. Sztompka) the regulatory function of solidarity relations becomes especially pronounced. At the same time such conditions reveal a fundamental contradiction associated with the widespread prevalence of narrow group solidarities over broader solidarities. These issues are enhancing interest in issues of social solidarity among Russian sociologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to his 1922 emigration to Europe and thence to the United States, Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin had an exceptional intellectual and political career in Russia and the Soviet Union (Sorokin , ; Johnston ; Krotov ). Indeed, he was among the early founders of the science of sociology in his native land, where, according to a relatively recent bibliography (Sorokin ), he produced 162 Russian-language publications between the ages of 21 and 33. This listing includes not only book reviews and journal articles, but also substantial monographs and a two-volume theoretical treatise. While still a relatively young man, Sorokin had thus gained widespread recognition as a scholar of the first rank. He was also the initial chairperson (from 1919 to 1922) of a fledgling department of sociology at the University of Petrograd (St. Petersburg), an elected member of the national Constituent Assembly and an appointed staff member of the 1917 Provisional Government, the first democratic regime in Russia. This much would have sufficed for an entry in a sociological encyclopedia, and Sorokin's political career has few parallels in the history of the field, other than the involvement of Emile Durkheim in French educational policy and the participation of Max Weber in creating the Weimar Republic in Germany. Nevertheless sociologists in the United States and most western historians of the field have not yet appreciated the full influence of the formative period, especially from 1905 to 1922. Lacking familiarity with Russian culture of that era and knowing little about the larger Russian socio-historical milieu, its intellectual discourse and collective memory, they have not been able to comprehend Sorokin's outlook, behavior and professional output in the United States in relation to these earlier contextual factors. This is arguably a fundamental reason why many U.S. sociologists have tended to see Sorokin, especially since 1937, as a marginal figure and to regard his works largely as deviations from accepted social scientific practice. This paper will argue that a more adequate appreciation of Sorokin's background and early adult life illumines both stylistic features of his works in America and also places into proper perspective several of his substantive foci that did not accord with contemporary 'normal science' (Kuhn ). In short, despite his overall assimilation into American society and higher education, including his appointment at Harvard University and his election as president of the American Sociological Association, Sorokin should be understood in large measure as a life-long Russian intellectual. His was a Russian-born sensibility and consciousness-indeed a 'Russian soul'-so deeply ingrained that it stamped his entire professional career in the United States, including his published researches, his popular sociology and his university teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the events at Beslan as a crisis point at which the postmodern celebration of difference spills into unbearable chaos. However this chaos turns out to show specific, dynamic or complex, self-organizing structures. Such dynamics, instead of obeying ‘normal’ ranges exhibit widely different scales of magnitude and intensity. Central to these interactions is the formation, however loose or opportunistic, of identities that also produce others: the formation of micro-ethnicities that state how the ‘other’ or out-group can be treated, mistreated or ‘deconstructed’. At Beslan, this reaches a point of crisis which is both localized and universally challenging: it poses the problem of intolerability to a notion of democratic community and an epistemology premised on, and promising, pluralistic tolerance. The outcome is a realignment of sociology and the sociology of childhood along the axes of a model of human ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Th e article attempts to analyze the level of social security in the Southern region of the country before and aft er the start of the full-scale invasion of Russia into the territory of Ukraine. It is defined that social security is determined by the nature of interaction between social groups on the basis of partnership, it is manifested at different levels (personal, group, regional, societal) in the capacity of state authorities to reproduce a stable, safe life. It has a subjective-objective nature and is determined both by the level of security of society and the region, as well as by individual or group well-being and awareness of one’s security. Th e problems of assessing the level of social security have been identified, which are associated with the lack of a complete system of criteria assessment indicators and the inconsistency of the existing methodology and methods of data collection. It is proposed to monitor changes in the level of social security of the region under the influence of certain types of threats using an indicative sociological analysis based on the generalization of the values of objective sociogenic criteria and subjective evaluation judgments of the residents of the Southern region as objects of protection. It is proven that the unsatisfactory level of social security of the regional society is determined by a high level of insecurity, pessimistic perspectives regarding various types of social activity, and the impossibility of a quick return to normal life. Th ere are outlined new threats to individual components of the social security of the population of Southern Ukraine associated with a full-scale war, in particular, demographic, economic, housing, educational, criminogenic, environmental security, etc. An attempt was made to identify possible ways of minimizing new threats to the social security of the South through the introduction of a number of economic, social and sociological mechanisms to minimize/overcome the consequences of these threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Russia, remote retail trade of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines was legalised. According to statistics as of April 2020, consumer demand in the categories of "online pharmacies" increased by 803%.Methods: The study was conducted in two stages by cross-sectional method using a structured questionnaire in the central region of Russia: 1st stage - July-August 2020; 2nd stage - February-March 2021. The results of the study were obtained using qualitative (method of discussions in focus groups) and quantitative methods (survey) of sociological research, logical and statistical analysis. The representativeness of the data was ensured by a sufficient sample size including 1194 consumers (with confidence probability = 0.95 and confidence interval ≤ 0.05).Results: The number of respondents fully supporting the legalisation of online trade in medicines increased. Consumer attitudes towards online commerce depend on the age group of the respondents. 1.5 times more respondents over 46 years (12.1%) are strongly against distance selling of medicines compared to survey participants aged 18 to 25 years (7.8%). Six months after the first survey, no respondent strongly opposed the sale of prescription medicines through the internet, whereas in the first survey half of consumers held this view. The percentage of respondents who considered pharmaceutical counselling when purchasing medicines online as extremely important decreased by a factor of 4 over time (10.9%) M (08.2020) = 3.66 (0.992); M (03. 2021) = 3.17 (0.981) t = 7.66 (p < 0.05). Consumers consider accessibility for people with disabilities (80.3%) to be the most significant advantage of distance selling medicines.Conclusion: Consumer demand for the purchase of medicines online will grow as this type of sale has undeniable advantages. However, some risks remain when buying medicines online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The paper deals with the complicated relationships between the Western Armenian Diaspora and Russians. These relations are mediated by the ambiguous attitude of Diaspora to the Eastern Armenians. The study examines two social contexts, the Soviet and Post-Soviet eras. To elaborate the topic the author draws from letters, jokes, and anecdotes taken from different kinds of international interlocutors, ranging from scholars to ordinary people. I argue that the image of Russia is constructed of intertwined discourses of negative and positive meanings. Positive discourses are based around the Russian-(Eastern) Armenians'' cultural connections and Russian involvement to the political movement for recognition of the 1915–1923 Armenian Genocide, while negative ones are extracted from (1) the bitter experience of Armenian repatriates to Soviet Armenia (totalitarianism, political reprisals, and harsh social censorship), (2) the low standard of living in the USSR as well as (3) the idiosyncrasies of Russian/Eastern Armenian everyday life in post-Soviet times. So the stereotyped image of Russia is formed at least by three aspects of social life such as political, cultural, and routine. These types of exoticization/stereotyping engender some social distance between the Western Armenian Diaspora and Russians as well as between the Western Armenian Diaspora and post-Soviet Armenians. I conclude that nevertheless a litmus test for the Western Armenian Diaspora attitude to USSR/Russia is the latter''s official position regarding the 1915–1923 Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Études Inuit Studies is the property of Centre interuniversitaire d'etudes et de recherches autochtones (CIERA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the process of higher education transformation in Russia as a result of its accession to the Bologna process, as well as the changes caused by digitalization. Emphasis is placed on the magistracy, as this level of higher education involves in-depth training of future professionals for the needs of the digital economy. The aim of the study is to determine students’ information and communication competencies as an integral component of their competitiveness. The sociological research was carried out within the framework of the project ‘Birth of the Russian Magistracy’. The research reflects the results of the magistracy teachers’ and the master students’ survey conducted in Russian regions. It should be noted that students’ digital skills are well developed, and they are more oriented toward ‘traditional’ forms of education than distance education or on-line format. In this case, higher education is considered by students as a significant source of socialization. It should be noted that the Russian magistracy is characterized by a ‘transition’ period in solving the problems of the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the place and role of folk medicine in the Republic of Udmurtia. Traditional medicine arose as a response to the desperate situation of people who had no other possibility of healing. Residents of the villages of the Udmurt Republic were the object of study. As a result of the sociological research, the population's awareness of the methods of folk medicine was revealed. The importance of the population's appeal to folk medicine was assessed, and the reasons for the preference of folk medicine instead of the official one were identified. Based on the data obtained, an important role of the folk medicine was revealed, involving a large part of the population in its use, in addition, the population has sufficient knowledge regarding the practices, means, methods of folk medicine. If folk medicine is too widespread among the population, even in times of scientific progress, it can be concluded that official medicine is unworkable today, since it is not a profitable alternative to folk medicine for people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to the 2002 electoral reform, political parties in Russia’s regional legislative elections showed poor performance. Since December 2003, however, all regions have been obliged to elect no less than half of the members of their assemblies by proportional representation. As a result, party competition at the sub-national level became unavoidable. This study tests three kinds of hypotheses dealing with the institutional, sociological, and political factors in the fragmentation of party systems within Russia’s regions. The analysis demonstrates that political factors, especially the activity of the Kremlin and the heads of regional executives, have played the primary role in shaping regional party systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study demonstrates that the path of the 'organic public sociology' (proposed by Michael Burowoy in his famous call of the 2004) as the dominating mode of sociological practice in the national context can be menacing with the serious pitfalls manifested in broad historical perspective. We reveal the four pitfalls basing on the analysis of the Russian experience through the last 150 years. First, the over-politicization and ideological biasness of sociological activities; second, the 'personal sacrifice' of sociologist as a romanticized practice, potentially harmful for the discipline; third, the difficulties of the professional sociology institutionalization; fourth, the deprivation of the policy sociology development. Analyzing the history of Russian sociology in the context of the current international discussions, we give particular reference to the idea of the 'Scientized Environment Supporting Actorhood' elaborated by John Meyer. We suggest the mode of communication between sociology and society, which, in our view, could be helpful for improving their interactions in various local, national and global contexts in the XXIst century. This mode escapes the political emphasis and ideological claims but rather concentrates on the more fundamental ethical issues. It also tries to overcome the limitations of the contemporary professional mainstream (instead of idealizing it). Finally, it presents itself to the publics in the understandable way, while remaining properly scientifically validated (however, avoiding the exaggerated accent on the statistical procedures and fitishization of the natural science' principles ('numerology' and 'quantofrenia')). The public activities of the prominent sociologist Pitirim Sorokin in the American period of his career are a good example of this approach to the interactions with society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from sociological surveys in industrial enterprises of major cities in Russia show the diverse ways in which young people prepare for the labor force, and point to the need to improve the educational services that are available to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sociological research and analyses of Yuri Levada, who worked in political obscurity during the 1970s and early 1980s, are a rich source for understanding both the nature of the Soviet system and the ways in which Russian society has been transformed in the post-Soviet period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the characteristics of the information-culture of Russian and Ukrainian audiences shows that the Russian audience is more inclined toward the use of television, and the Ukrainian audience uses more diverse sources of information but pays little attention to the newest forms of media consumption. Ukrainian and Russian information consumers are not distinguished by any inventiveness in choosing communications; they remain primarily in the traditional social contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the author's theoretical and empirical analysis regarding the political reaction of regional elites on the new political rules in the present-day Russia. It notes that the author surveys interpretations of the concept of elite, and argues with the use of the subject-activity approach. It states that she analyzes the political strategies of regional elites in the context of the power vertical drawn from her own in-depth interviews, along with sociological survey data.

Copyright of Current Sociology is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article briefly surveys the establishment of sociological research centers in various regions of the Soviet Union during the early period of the discipline's revival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following is an analysis of the state of the working class in contemporary Russia, and of the ways in which sociological researchers have come to view this section of the society. The decline in researchers' interest in problems of the working class is a well-known thesis. Nonetheless, in the period from 1990 through 2005 around seventy publications appeared in Russia, representing different schools of science, views, and approaches to the topic of today's blue-collar workers. Is this a lot or a little? For comparison, from 1960 through 1980, just monographs devoted to the working class numbered more than fifty. As concerns the journal Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, during the given period, thirty articles were published in it. The journal's purpose in publishing a selection of materials is to activate and bring up to date the study of the working class under the new conditions and to draw attention to this vital, multifaceted theme. We invite the participation of authors who have worked for many years in this area as well as young researchers who are just starting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of analyzing the results of a sociological survey of women in Russian prisons, the authors give a social characterization of women's involvement in narcotics crime. Women addicts are compelled to become involved in drug dealing, and are more vulnerable to arrests and prosecutions than the men who pull them into the trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the study by the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences on youths in Moscow, Russia. Researchers went to thirty-nine schools and questioned students on what they think about other nationalities and about their own, what they know and what they would like to know about them, and toward whom they are tolerant, and toward whom completely the opposite. 2,455 students in the 8th through 11th grades in general education schools in Moscow participated.

The article focuses on the image of the armed forces in the consciousness of citizens in Russia. It explores the definitions of the term armed forces, which include a branch of the armed forces of countries and an armed organization of large social groups that defend their interests. It highlights the sociological survey of young people in April and May 2005, which is conducted by D.G. Perednia, that determined the way the young people think on the Russian armed forces. The result of the survey reveals that approximately 10% of the questionnaire sheets held negative statements about the military.

The article presents a sociological analysis of the middle class in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. The author defines being "middle class" as having a job, a certain level of wages, access to free health care, an expectation of education, a certain level of material possessions and consumer goods, and free time in which to enjoy a certain quality of life. Since the population in Irkutsk Oblast is predominated by agricultural workers, the relative income enjoyed by the average population is well below that which would allow them to be called middle class.