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2. Parents, Schools and the Twenty-First-Century State: Comparative Perspectives
- Author
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Proctor, Helen, Roch, Anna, Breidenstein, Georg, and Forsey, Martin
- Abstract
This article introduces a collection of papers comprising the special issue, "Competing interests: Parents, Schools and Nation States." Drawing on the seven papers in the collection, and situating them in recent developments in the sociological field, the article discusses globally shifting relations between families, schools and the state across a range of nations in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries (Australia, Germany, India, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, USA). The article proposes that the school is a crucial site for relations between family and state, and argues that a significant focus of the material and occupational investment of contemporary parents is the formal education of their children, re-shaping not only the relationship between parents and schools but also the nature of parenthood itself. In the contemporary context of global neoliberal education reform, parents are analysed both as local actors in schools and as subjects of national and international policy regimes.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The International Society for the Social Studies Annual Conference Proceedings (Orlando, Florida, February 28 & March 1, 2013). Volume 2013, Issue 1
- Author
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International Society for the Social Studies (ISSS) and Russell, William Benedict, III
- Abstract
The "ISSS Annual Conference Proceedings" is a peer-reviewed professional publication published once a year following the annual conference. The following papers are included in the 2013 proceedings: (1) Teaching About Asia in a Social Science Education Program (Cyndi Mottola Poole and Joshua L. Kenna); (2) Teaching Students about Contemporary Germany (Janie Hubbard and Karen Larsen Maloley); (3) Evaluating Pedagogical Techniques in Education Courses: Does Assignment Resubmission for Higher Grades Increase Student Achievement? (Joseph Asklar and Russell Owens); (4) Incorporating Global Citizenship into Social Studies Classroom (Anatoli Rapoport); (5) Internal Culture: The Heart of Global Education (Cyndi Mottola Poole); (6) The Treatment of Monotheistic Religions in World History Textbooks (Jason Allen); (7) College Readiness: Preparing Rural Youth for the Future (Jason Hedrick, Mark Light, and Jeff Dick); (8) The University Core Curriculum Program: Factors of Success and Opportunities for Potential Improvement (Mohamed Elgeddawy); (9) Communication processes of Online Education: The Need for a Sociological Reflection (Beatriz Fainholc); (10) Cinema and History of Brazil: A Debate in the Classroom (Paulo Roberto de Azevedo Maia); (11) Practitioner Inquiry in the K-12 Social Studies Classroom (Heather Leaman); (12) Role-Playing Parent-Teacher Conferences Defending a Social Justice Curriculum (Christopher Andrew Brkich and April Cribbs Newkirk); (13) "Steve Obamney": Political Scumbaggery, the Internet, and the Collective Memetic American Consciousness (Christopher Andrew Brkich and Tim Barko); (14) Democratic Twittering: Using Social Media in the Social Studies (Daniel G. Krutka); (15) An Electorate Equality: Are we Seeing a New Age or Era in American History? (Sean M. Lennon); (16) Instances of Reification in Contemporary Society: Work, Consumption, Cyberculture, and Body (Julio Cesar Lemes de Castro); (17) The Ent's Will Rise Again: The Representation of Nature in the Film "The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring" (Iclal Alev Degim); (18) "We need to conserve the beautiful places of the world, and protect them from being destroyed:" Using Papers about Place in an Environmental History Class (Russell Olwell); (19) Lesson Study in Elementary Social Studies Methods (Lara Willox); (20) Visualization of Teacher's Thinking Process While Observing Students: An Educational Neuroscientific Approach (Naoko Okamoto and Yasufumi Kuroda); (21) Perceptions of Teacher Candidates on Quality Standards of Education Faculty (Aysun Dogutas); (22) Laptops and iPads and Smartphones, Oh My! (Brian D. Furgione, Jason Dumont, Alexandra Razgha, and Joe Sanchez); (23) Academic Transition from High School to College (Barbara Houser and Cheryl Avila); (24) QR Codes: Let's Get Them in (and out of) Your Classroom! (Brian D. Furgione, Jason Dumont, Alexandra Razgha, and Joe Sanchez); (25) Creating a New Space: Partners in Global Education (Denise Dallmer); (26) Letting Go of the Textbook: Applying Multimodal Intertextuality in the Secondary Social Studies Classroom (Terrell Brown); (27) Preservice Elementary Teachers' Economic Literacy: Are They Ready to Teach Economics Concepts? (Kenneth V. Anthony, Nicole Miller, and Becky Smith); (28) The Effect of Family Disintegration on Children and Its Negative Impact on Society (Nourah Mohammad Altwaijri); (29) Historical Examination of the Segregated School Experience (Anthony Pellegrino, Linda Mann, and William B. Russell, III); (30) The Effects of Transnational Prejudice on Incorporation and Identity Formation of Oaxacans in the U.S. (Monica Valencia); (31) Neo-Liberalism and the Deconstruction of the Humanistic Pedagogic Tradition (Chris Sparks); (32) The Great Depression as a Generational Lens on Contemporary Social Studies Reform Movements (Doug Feldmann); (33) Digital Collaboration to Promote Learning in the Social Studies Classroom (Raymond W. Francis and Mary Jo Davis); (34) Disrupting Patriarchy: Challenging Gender Violence In Post-Apartheid South Africa and Post-Conflict Northern Ireland (Erin Tunney); (35) The Relationship between Teachers' Conceptions of Democracy and The Practice of Teaching Social Studies: A Collective Case Study of Three Beginning Teachers (Andrew L. Hostetler); (36) Facilitating the Reduction of Recidivism: A Political Philosophical Approach to Community Justice (Philip Waggoner); (37) Teaching Social Studies Through Photography: World Travels of a Pre-Service Teacher (Rebecca Stump); (38) Young Children's Descriptions about the History of Their Given Names (Lois M. Christensen, Szymanski Sunal, Melissa G. Whetstone, Amanda Daniel Pendergrass, and Ebtesam Q. Rababah); (39) Apoyo: How Does This Culturally Learned Practice from México Characterize Hispanic Households in America? (Gilbert Duenas); and (40) Implications of Common Core State Standards on Social Studies Education (Joshua L. Kenna). (Individual papers contain references.) [For the 2012 proceedings, see ED531864.]
- Published
- 2013
4. Persisting Inequalities: Childhood between Global Influences and Local Traditions
- Author
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Buhler-Niederberger, Doris and Van Kreiken, Robert
- Abstract
This article analyses the central themes running through the collection of papers in this special issue of Childhood, which were all given as papers at the XVI Durban World Congress of Sociology, 23-29 July 2006. These themes encompass the ways in which global processes of social change combining modernity with tradition have become important for both the perception of childhood and for children's real lives. They also include the ways in which those processes intertwined with social inequalities of gender, generation and socioeconomic status among children and between children and other age groups. The article goes on to provide an outline of the ways in which more general theoretical concerns in the sociology of childhood globally are related to local situations, to a variety of practical settings, to the conceptual concerns in different sociological fields and other social science disciplines in South Africa, Ethiopia, Taiwan, Germany, Sweden, and Italy.
- Published
- 2008
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5. System Experts and Decision Making Experts in Transdisciplinary Projects
- Author
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Mieg, Harald A.
- Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims at a better understanding of expert roles in transdisciplinary projects. Thus, the main purpose is the analysis of the roles of experts in transdisciplinary projects. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis of the ETH-UNS case studies from the point of view of the psychology of expertise and the sociology of professions is based on findings and considerations from the psychology of expertise and the sociology of professions--as both lines of research are concerned with experts and the use of expertise. This paper focuses on projects in the framework of the so-called transdisciplinary case study approach that has been developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich in the 1990s. Findings: It is claimed that, firstly, system experts provide important information on the local human-environmental system and have to be regarded as serious experts, that is knowledge specialists with a certain responsibility for information. Secondly, decision-making experts run into problems integrating other professionals into transdisciplinary projects and should, therefore, professionalize themselves. Practical implications: The paper encourages the use of residents, etc. as system experts in transdisciplinary projects. Originality/value: The roles of experts in transdisciplinary project are clarified. (Contains 1 figure and 2 tables.)
- Published
- 2006
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6. Professional Competencies and Jurisdictional Claims in Evaluative Bibliometrics: The Educational Mandate of Academic Librarians
- Author
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Petersohn, Sabrina
- Abstract
Quantitative metrics in research assessment are proliferating all over the world. The demand has led to an increase in bibliometric practitioners and service providers. Their professional roles and competencies have not yet been subject to systematic study. This paper focuses on one important service provider in evaluative bibliometrics--academic librarians--and analyzes their professional competencies from a sociology of professions perspective. To this end, expert interviews with 25 British and German information professionals and several documents have been analyzed qualitatively. Academic librarians compete with other occupations for professional jurisdiction in quantitative research assessment. The main currency in this competition is their expert knowledge. Our results show that academic librarians rely strongly on the know-how gained in their academic Library and Information Science (LIS) training and develop a specific jurisdictional claim towards research assessment, consisting primarily in training, informing and empowering users to proficiently manage the task of evaluating scientific quality themselves. Based on these findings, and informed by the theoretical framework of Andrew Abbott, our conceptual proposal is to adapt formal training in bibliometrics to the various specific professional approaches prevalent in the jurisdictional competition surrounding quantitative research assessment.
- Published
- 2016
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7. [Vocationally motivated migration behavior in double-income households. An empirical analysis using GSOEP data].
- Author
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Jurges H
- Subjects
- Behavior, Demography, Developed Countries, Emigration and Immigration, Europe, Germany, Marriage, Population, Population Dynamics, Social Sciences, Humans, Decision Making, Economics, Employment, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Family Characteristics, Interpersonal Relations, Marital Status, Research, Sociology, Transients and Migrants
- Published
- 1998
8. School Choice in the Light of the Effectiveness Differences of Various Types of Public and Private Schools in 19 OECD Countries
- Author
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Dronkers, J. and Robert, P.
- Abstract
The paper approaches the issue of school choice in an indirect manner by investigating the effectiveness of public, private government-dependent and private independent schools in 19 Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development countries selected from the PISA 2000 survey for this purpose. In a multilevel approach we estimate these sector effects, controlling for sociological characteristics of students and parents, school composition, teaching and learning conditions of schools and students', and principals' perception of the climate of their schools. The main explanation of the gross differences in mathematical achievement is the better social composition of private schools, both government-dependent and independent, which is a clear consequence of school choice. But our analysis also reveals that private independent schools are less effective than public schools with the same students, parents, and social composition, while private dependent schools are more effective than comparable public schools. The explanation of these remaining net differences in mathematical achievement seems to be the better school climate of private dependent schools. The comparison concludes that these net differences in mathematical achievement between public and private school sectors are equal across nations, despite the historical and legal variations in their educational systems and school choice approaches. (Contains 4 tables and 36 notes.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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9. Doing time in care homes: insights into the experiences of care home residents in Germany during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Author
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Leontowitsch, Miranda, Oswald, Frank, Schall, Arthur, and Pantel, Johannes
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGY ,NURSING home patients ,LIFE expectancy ,DEVELOPMENTAL psychology ,GERIATRICS ,MENTAL health ,HEALTH status indicators ,INTERVIEWING ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,NURSING care facilities ,SOCIAL isolation ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,PATIENT-professional relations ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience - Abstract
Residents of care homes across the globe are affected by the spread of SARS-CoV-2 as they have been identified as a high-risk group and because they experienced strict social isolation regulations during the first wave of the pandemic. Social isolation of older people with poor physical and mental health is strongly associated with mental health problems and decreased life expectancy. Other research has shown that older people managed to adapt to the changes brought about by the pandemic and have linked this to the concept of resilience. The aim of this research project was to investigate how this applied to residents in care home settings during the first phases of the contact ban in Germany from sociology, developmental psychology and environmental gerontology perspectives, and to gain in-depth understanding of residents' experiences. This paper draws on structured interview data collected from residents in two care homes during early June 2020 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The findings show that their experiences were shaped by three factors: care home settings and the approach of staff to handling the contact ban; biographical sense of resilience; and a hierarchy of life issues. The findings highlight the importance of locally specific response mechanisms in care homes, agency and belonging of residents despite health-related limitations and the importance of a critical (gendered) lens on understanding their experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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10. Max Weber's 'Ancient Judaism.'
- Author
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Fahey, Tony
- Abstract
Examines Max Weber's "Ancient Judaism" and relates this work to his other writings, to its background in contemporary German scholarship, and to his approach to historical sociology. (Author/AM)
- Published
- 1982
11. The German debate on male circumcision and Habermas' model of post‐secularity.
- Author
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Greve, Jens
- Subjects
CIRCUMCISION laws ,CIRCUMCISION ,CITIZENSHIP ,DEBATE ,MATHEMATICAL models ,RELIGION ,SOCIOLOGY ,THEORY - Abstract
This paper considers Habermas' model of a post‐secular political order in the light of the debate on male circumcision that arose in Germany after a court ruled that male circumcision was an unjustifiable act of bodily harm. Central to this model is the idea that religious reasons can only become effective in central legal institutions when they are translated into secular reasons. My paper demonstrates that there are two distinguishable readings of this proviso. On the one hand, there is a broad reading according to which it is only necessary to reach a conclusion that is in line with the democratic principle stating that all citizens can be regarded as co‐legislators even if non‐generalizable value orientations might then shape the interpretation of fundamental rights (in the case of circumcision, the right to bodily integrity). On the other hand, a truly secular (narrow) reading would avoid the inclusion of non‐generalizable value orientations. The debate on circumcision demonstrates that these two interpretations lead to different and conflicting modes of justification. The broad reading allows for a justification of male circumcision, whereas the narrow reading makes such a justification unlikely. In addition, the filtering function of the proviso is weakened in a broad reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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12. Activity and Social Responsibility in the Discourse on Health Care, Long-Term Care and Welfare Services for Older Immigrants.
- Author
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Goettler, Andrea
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,SOCIAL participation ,HEALTH policy ,SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIAL networks ,DISCOURSE analysis ,AGING ,PUBLIC welfare ,SOCIAL services ,ETHNIC groups ,LONG-term health care ,SOCIAL responsibility ,HEALTH promotion - Abstract
Ageing well has been associated with the responsibility to age actively, successfully, or healthily in public and research discourses. This connection of individual responsibility with ageing has been criticised in Social Gerontology for neglecting the access to social, economic, and health resources. This paper investigates (individual) responsibility, informal support, and public initiatives in discourses on older immigrants in Germany. The research framework employs a sociology of knowledge approach to discourse, which guided the discourse analysis of German policy reports, guidelines and handbooks on ageing and migration from 2000 to 2019 (43 documents in total). The results reveal that besides public initiatives concerning long-term care, health promotion, and social services, informal solutions through social networks are frequently emphasised in the data. The focus, thereby, is on long-term care, which is presented as a responsibility of the extended family. Thus, resources are situated in the family, social networks, and ethnic group, which should be opened and connected with public services; however, the focus is shifting from older immigrants towards local municipalities. This study provides a discourse perspective on the construction of resources and challenges for older immigrants concerning health, care, and social services and offers an assessment of the cultural and integrating/excluding qualities in active ageing discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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13. States, Dominance, an State-Systems.
- Author
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Reicher, Dieter
- Subjects
INTERSTATE relations ,STATES (Political subdivisions) ,STATE governments ,HISTORICAL sociology - Abstract
The paper deals with the relationship between states within state-systems. The main questions are: What are the reasons for domination? Are there common patterns of state ?behavior? in different state-systems? Is there a relationship between the position of a state within the state-system and the state building process (inner state-stricture). The paper presents three case studies of state-systems. The development of the ancient Greek state-system from about 700 to 300 BC, the German state-system (Holly Roman Empire) from about 1000 AD to 1866 and the so-called Western state-system from about 800 AD to the present day. The paper includes both types of analyzes: a formal sociological analysis (geopolitics) and an analysis in historical sociology. They major outcomes of the study are: 1) States, initially located in a marginal position will dominate in the end the state-system. 2) The state building process of states in protective position differs from the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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14. The endangerment of bees and new developments in beekeeping: a social science perspective using the example of Germany.
- Author
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Lorenz, Stephan
- Subjects
BEEKEEPING ,HONEYBEES ,ENDANGERED species ,POLLINATION by bees - Abstract
The endangerment of honeybees and pollination in agriculture is related to social causes and entails social consequences. The paper reflects the bee issue in terms of symbolism, discourses and practices, different perspectives and positions, and social dynamics. It then presents two case studies that apply qualitative methods to assess developments that are harmful or favourable to bees and new trends in beekeeping. The first case study addresses the booming development of urban beekeeping. This part of the paper also discusses the alternatives that organic beekeeping has to offer. The second case study investigates beekeeping for the purpose of pollination in orchards. It points to possibilities of cooperation between growers and beekeepers but also marks the main problems, which are related to insecticide use and the development of the pollination market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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15. Organization Versus Profession? Teaching in the context of higher education reforms from a Sociology of Professions Perspective.
- Author
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Janßen, Melike
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL change ,HIGHER education ,PROFESSIONS ,LABOR market ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
The paper addresses the impact of higher education reforms on academic teaching and the concrete implications of the new academic teaching requirements for the professional practice of professors. It explores how labour market requirements change the university from the point of view of professors and how they deal with these changes. The paper draws on 64 interviews with professors from Germany, which were conducted as part of a qualitative study on the consequences of performance evaluation procedures at German universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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16. Elias sur l'antisémitisme: le sionisme ou la sociologie.
- Author
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Trom, Danny
- Subjects
ANTISEMITISM ,ZIONISM ,SOCIOLOGY ,GERMAN Jews ,SOCIAL conditions of Jews ,TWENTIETH century ,HISTORY of antisemitism - Abstract
Copyright of Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. [Sociology as a Major Factor for the Psychiatrie-Enquete in the Federal Republic of Germany - Results from Expert Interviews and Document Analyses].
- Author
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Söhner F, Fangerau H, and Becker T
- Subjects
- Germany, Germany, West, Humans, Interprofessional Relations, Psychoanalysis, Psychoanalytic Theory, Research, Psychiatry, Sociology
- Abstract
Objective: This paper examines the influence of sociology as a discipline on the Psychiatrie-Enquete by analysing interviews with expert (psychiatrist, psychologist, sociologist etc.) witnesses of the Enquete process and by analysing pertinent documents., Methods: 24 interviews were conducted and analysed using qualitative secondary analysis., Results: Sociological texts and research results influenced the professional development of psychiatrists at the time. Cross-talk between psychiatry and sociology developed through seminal sociological analyses of psychiatric institutions and the interest taken in medical institutions in a number of sociological texts. Inter-disciplinary joint studies (of sociologists and psychiatrists) affected the research interest and professional behaviour of psychiatrists involved in the process on the way to the Psychiatrie-Enquete., Conclusion: Tenacity of psychiatrists' systems of opinion was dissolved by impulses from the sociological thought community. The forms of contact between the psychiatric and the sociological thought collective which we could reconstruct are an example of the evolution of knowledge and practice through transdisciplinary communication., Competing Interests: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)
- Published
- 2018
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18. Scholarship, Not Scandal.
- Author
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Gerhardt, Uta
- Subjects
POLITICAL refugees ,SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIAL sciences ,ENDOWMENT of research - Abstract
This short article pleads for research rather than rumor regarding Parsons' alleged role regarding the admittance to United States of an ex-Soviet citizen in 1948 or 1949. Some evidence on background issues that could be found among the Parsons papers at Harvard University Archives is being presented verbatim. I argue that the point is to refrain from fabrications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
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19. Beliefs About Women's Labor in the Reunified Germany, 1991 to 2004.
- Author
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Alwin, Duane F., Lee, Kristen S., and Tufis, Paula A.
- Subjects
SOCIOECONOMICS ,LABOR supply ,SOCIALIZATION ,SOCIAL psychology ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
This paper considers the consequences of the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the subsequent reunification of East and West Germany on beliefs about women in the labor force among samples in the reunified Germany over a thirteen-year period from 1991-2004. This set of circumstances provides a "natural experiment" for examining the relationship between socialization during youth and the impact of social and historical change on later-life gender beliefs. We suggest that how Germans have adapted to their new social reality will inform our understanding of the mechanisms of change in a population. Do individuals, in the face of dramatic demographic and socioeconomic change, maintain their beliefs from youth, in this case preserving the gap in gender beliefs between East and West present at the time of reunification? Did the new social context only influence the beliefs of cohorts reaching early adulthood in the new Germany? Or, alternatively, did even earlier-born cohorts, already established in their careers and families before reunification, change their beliefs about gender and family with the merging of East and West? Using data from the series of ALLBUS and ISSP surveys for Germany beginning in 1982 (including East Germany from 1991 onward) we find support for the conclusion that there are continued changes toward more egalitarian gender beliefs in the reunified Germany across time. Cohort replacement effects on change in gender beliefs are strongest in the West, with the impact of the social and economic changes brought about by reunification strongest in the East. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
20. A collective biography (prosopography) of German-speaking sociologists.
- Author
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Fleck, Christian and Reichmann, Werner
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGY ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,FASCISTS ,SOCIOLOGISTS - Abstract
Authors who focused on the development of sociology in Germany in the 20th century agreed that sociology came to an abrupt end with the Nazi takeover in 1933 and the forced emigration of practically all well-known and productive sociologists. Nevertheless we know that some German sociologists remained at home. Studies about the refugee scholars seldom differentiate between former Austrians and former Germans. The paper examines both refugees and remainders from Austria and Germany with regard to their background and their received recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Doing the Intellectual Biography of Talcott Parsons.
- Author
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Gerhardt, Uta
- Subjects
BIOGRAPHIES ,SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIOLOGISTS ,SOCIAL Darwinism ,DATA analysis ,SOCIOLOGICAL research - Abstract
The article discusses the creation of an intellectual biography of the U.S. sociologist Talcott Parsons. The researcher discusses Parsons' doctoral dissertation dealing with capitalism that was analyzed by sociologist Max Weber, and how Parsons' work delivered sociology from social Darwinism at the turn of the twentieth century. The author supports Parsons' work on the basis that he was a thinker and academician who did not use inconsistent analysis. The author utilized Parsons' archives at Harvard University, such as Parsons' paper "The Problem of Controlled Institutional Change."
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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22. Aspekte sozialer Ungleichheit in Deutschland.
- Author
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Schupp, Jürgen
- Subjects
EQUALITY ,SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIAL science research ,POLARIZATION (Social sciences) - Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift fur Wirtschaftspolitik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
23. Entrepreneurship and economic development: From classical political economy to economic sociology.
- Author
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Ebner, Alexander
- Subjects
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,DEVELOPMENT economics ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,HISTORICAL school of economics - Abstract
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct economic reasoning on entrepreneurship from the perspective of its institutional content, thus underlining the aspects of power relations and leadership, which are related with the organisational and technological dimensions of innovation and coordination as entrepreneurial functions. Design/methodology/approach - In reconstructing the theory of entrepreneurship in a range from classical political economy to current efforts in economic sociology, the paper focuses on an appreciation of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship as a concept that is influenced both by Austrian marginalism and the German historical school. Findings - The paper finds that the research perspective of economic sociology as a means for exploring the institutional foundations of entrepreneurship is of utmost relevance for further efforts in theorising the role of entrepreneurship in economic development. Practical implications - The paper promotes policy implications, which underline that policies for the support of entrepreneurship need to account for the differentiation of entrepreneurial functions and their actual carriers, reconsidering the economic manifestations of their institutional embeddedness. Originality/value - The paper establishes innovation and coordination as ideal types of entrepreneurial functions, perceiving them as fundamental concepts in economic reasoning on entrepreneurship in the process of economic development [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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24. [Thought Experiments in Historiographic Function: Max Weber on Eduard Meyer and the Question of Counterfactuality].
- Author
-
Ernst F
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Comprehension, Historiography, Philosophy history, Research history, Sociology history, Thinking
- Abstract
Thought Experiments in Historiographic Function: Max Weber on Eduard Meyer and the Question of Counterfactuality. Max Weber's remarks on his colleague Eduard Meyer regarding counterfactual reasoning in history reflects a significant shift during the Methodenstreit around 1900. The question of attributing historical change strictly to either individual causes or abstract general laws has been tackled in a new way: By counterfactual reasoning a historian should be able to detect the most significant (and therefore meaningful) cause, event, or action for a certain historical outcome. Following Fritz Ringer, this paper argues that given the predominating methods of the natural sciences, scholars of the humanities conducted historical research by counterfactual thought experiments. This way, Weber pried open contemporary narratives (e.g. historicism), and by employing a unique historical causal analysis he made way for refined concepts to offer a model of interpretation that gave hope for a more feasible, practice-oriented approach to historical research than the epistemological discussions had hitherto offered., (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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25. The Acknowledgment of Literary Influence: A Structural Analysis of a German Literary Network.
- Author
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Anheier, Helmut K. and Gerhards, Jürgen
- Subjects
LITERATURE & society ,MODERN literature ,MODERN arts ,SOCIOLINGUISTICS ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
This paper analyzes a characteristic syndrome of modern literature identified as "anxiety of influence" by literary critics and as "mania for originality" by art historians. Based on a sociological reformulation of the syndrome as it relates to the structure of acknowledged influence, the paper develops and tests several hypotheses. Data are based on a survey of West German writers and are analyzed by using clustering techniques and correspondence analysis. First, the analysis demonstrates the fragmented and non-hierarchical structure of acknowledged literaty influence. Second, the different types of influence (absence distinctiveness, and clusterability) correspond to different professional and literary characteristics of writers. Results highlight one of the contradictions between the cultural code and the professional structure of modem an: at the level of ideology, greatness and genius are equated with the absence of influence and artistic uniqueness. The analysis shows, however, that the denial/absence of acknowledged influence is found among writers who are excluded from the professional networks where reputations are made in the world of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Patients as Experts of Their Own:A German Case Study of Body Techniques in Infertility Treatment.
- Author
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Ullrich, Charlotte
- Subjects
INFERTILITY ,MEDICAL care ,CASE studies ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
Since the birth of the first 'test-tube babies' thirty years ago, new reproductive technologies (NRT) have rapidly become a standard medical treatment. In Germany, the success of NRT coincides with a larger recent tendency to individualize risks and the responsiblity for the maintenance of one's own health before the background of a neoliberal restructuring of the welfare state.In my paper, I argue that bodies are more than just mute witnesses of these changes. In two ethnographic case studies in a conventional and an alternative clinic, I analyze the everyday practice of infertility treatment as an example of how new "reflexive self and body technologies" are mediated and put into practice within a medical setting.My results show that the body has an ambiguous role in infertility treatment: On the one hand, bodies are objectified through medical interventions and adoption of the medical gaze. At the same time, however, patients are now "experts responsible for themselves". Many aspects of everyday life which concern dealing with oneself and one's body - such as diet, movements, stress, and sexuality - come to be understood as medical problems. Patients become integrated into a "growing field of reflexive self technologies", which contains new uncertainties and new responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
27. On natural-social commodities. The form and value of things.
- Author
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Halewood M
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 19th Century, Humans, Economics, Philosophy history, Political Systems, Social Values, Sociology
- Abstract
This article re-reads Marx's account of the commodity as a socio-natural entity. In doing so, it re-evaluates the status of the political (as opposed to questions of political economy) in Marx's analysis and also reads his argument in light of Actor-Network-Theory's call for the thingness of things to be taken seriously. The paper argues that there is a complex duality to the commodity as it is always comprised of both use-value and exchange-value and hence as both 'natural' and 'social'. It is pointed out that the usual translation of words with the root 'gesellschaft-' as 'social' is unhelpful and that a better term would be 'societal', as this enables Marx, and us, to re-approach the very distinction between the natural, the societal and the social. Marx's notion of 'value as equivalence' is then outlined and it is argued that this crucial stage in his account is often passed over. Value as equivalence is not a mere social production but relies upon the expression of the use-value of one thing in another. This leads to the third move which is an outline of the importance of value-form and social form. It is argued that it is this formation of a commodity (comprising both the natural and the social) which is the key both to understanding it as a specific historical entity as well as offering a powerful, non-reductive, account of the natural, social, material and historical character of things. Overall, the article attempts to develop a novel conception of natural-social commodities which does not premise either side of this dyad and so might help social theorists to talk of real things whilst avoiding charges of essentialism and reductionism as well as possible Latourian critiques of over-generalization., (© London School of Economics and Political Science 2012.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The Advantages of Demographic Change after the Wave: Fewer and Older, but Healthier, Greener, and More Productive?
- Author
-
Kluge, Fanny, Zagheni, Emilio, Loichinger, Elke, and Vogt, Tobias
- Subjects
DEMOGRAPHIC change ,POPULATION aging ,GENDER inequality ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
Population aging is an inevitable global demographic process. Most of the literature on the consequences of demographic change focuses on the economic and societal challenges that we will face as people live longer and have fewer children. In this paper, we (a) briefly describe key trends and projections of the magnitude and speed of population aging; (b) discuss the economic, social, and environmental consequences of population aging; and (c) investigate some of the opportunities that aging societies create. We use Germany as a case study. However, the general insights that we obtain can be generalized to other developed countries. We argue that there may be positive unintended side effects of population aging that can be leveraged to address pressing environmental problems and issues of gender inequality and intergenerational ties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Governance of complex systems: results of a sociological simulation experiment.
- Author
-
Adelt, Fabian, Weyer, Johannes, and Fink, Robin D.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE driving ,COMPUTER simulation ,METROPOLITAN areas ,MOTOR vehicles ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
Social sciences have discussed the governance of complex systems for a long time. The following paper tackles the issue by means of experimental sociology, in order to investigate the performance of different modes of governance empirically. The simulation framework developed is based on Esser's model of sociological explanation as well as on Kroneberg's model of frame selection. The performance of governance has been measured by means of three macro and two micro indicators. Surprisingly, central control mostly performs better than decentralised coordination. However, results not only depend on the mode of governance, but there is also a relation between performance and the composition of actor populations, which has yet not been investigated sufficiently. Practitioner Summary:Practitioners can gain insights into the functioning of complex systems and learn how to better manage them. Additionally, they are provided with indicators to measure the performance of complex systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Un corredor de ideas entre México y Argentina. El intercambio científico e intelectual entre los sociólogos del exilio español.
- Author
-
Morales Martín, Juan Jesús
- Subjects
INTELLECTUAL cooperation ,SOCIOLOGISTS ,SPANISH exiles' writings ,SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIOLOGICAL research ,SPANISH history, 1939-1975 ,TWENTIETH century ,HISTORY - Abstract
Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
31. Global generations: social change in the twentieth century.
- Author
-
Edmunds J and Turner BS
- Subjects
- Communication, Culture, Germany, Humans, Internationality, Research, Social Problems, Cohort Effect, Social Change, Sociology
- Abstract
The concept of generation within sociology has until recently been a marginal area of interest. However, various demographic, cultural and intellectual developments have re-awakened an interest in generations that started with the classic essay by Karl Mannheim. To date, the sociological literature has generally conceptualized generations as nationally bounded entities. In this paper we suggest that the sociology of generations should develop the concept of global generations. This conceptual enhancement is important because the growth of global communications technology has enabled traumatic events, in an unparalleled way, to be experienced globally. The late nineteenth and early twentieth century was the era of international generations, united through print media, and the mid-twentieth century saw the emergence of transnational generations, facilitated by new broadcast communications. However, the latter part of the twentieth century is the period of global generations, defined by electronic communications technology, which is characterized, uniquely, by increasing interactivity. The 1960s generation was the first global generation, the emergence of which had world-wide consequences; today with major developments in new electronic communications, there is even more potential for the emergence of global generations that can communicate across national boundaries and through time. If in the past historical traumas combined with available opportunities to create national generations, now globally experienced traumas, facilitated by new media technologies, have the potential for creating global generational consciousness. The media have become increasingly implicated in the formation of generational movements. Because we are talking about generations in the making rather than an historical generation, this article is necessarily speculative; it aims to provoke discussion and establish a new research agenda for work on generations.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Zentrale Akteure der Corporate Governance: Zusammensetzung des Aufsichtsrats.
- Author
-
Langenbucher, Katja
- Subjects
JUSTICE administration ,SOCIOLOGY ,COMPARATIVE law ,CORPORATE directors - Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Unternehmens- und Gesellschaftsrecht is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Výzkum komunální a lokální politiky ve Spolkové republice Nĕmecko.
- Author
-
Havlík, Vratislav and Hloušek, Vít
- Subjects
FEDERAL-city relations ,POLITICAL science ,SOCIOLOGY ,PUBLICATIONS ,MULTI-level governance (Theory) - Abstract
The article deals with the "state of the art" of municipal and local politics research in Germany. The main objective is to describe and analyze good practice in German sub-regional politics research and to demonstrate its main distinctive features. The paper provides a general overview of current approaches to sub-regional politics research existing mainly in the framework of political science with strong connections to other disciplines (such as law or sociology) and a strong tendency to form a multidisciplinary approach. Our analysis deals with the following: a description of the main research institutions and distinguished scholars in the field, a discussion of prevailing topics, and a study of the most cited publication outcomes since the year 2000. The paper also examines the main differences between Czech and German research in the field of municipal and local politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
34. Governing Nanotechnology through Stakeholder Dialogues: The Example of the German NanoKommission.
- Author
-
Pfersdorf, Simon-Philipp
- Subjects
- *
NANOTECHNOLOGY , *STAKEHOLDERS , *DECISION making , *SOCIOLOGY , *DIALOGUE , *COMMUNITY involvement - Abstract
New modes of scientific knowledge production and decision-making have been gaining societal importance. This is because science and politics became more open towards external expectations in the last decades. Features of this development are reflected by the way society is handling nanotechnology. In Germany, many stakeholder dialogues took place. According to social science concepts, they might influence relevant processes in economy or science. This assumption will be dealt with by the present paper, with the German NanoKommission being used as an example. By means of a sociology-ofknowledge approach, the conditions which gave the commission its influential position and the significance of its decisions will be analysed. The argumentation relies on documents from the German debate on nanotechnology and interviews conducted with important speakers. It becomes clear that the society refers to previous experience to give stakeholder dialogues their meaning. The paper will outline the normative and functional implications of these kinds of participatory settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
35. An Overview of German New Economic Sociology and the Contribution of the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
- Author
-
Wilkinson, John
- Subjects
ECONOMIC sociology ,ACTOR-network theory ,COMMODITY exchanges ,SOCIOLOGISTS ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Discussion Papers is the property of Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
36. Konzepte der sozialen Kohäsion im deutschen ökonomischen Denken seit dem 19. Jahrhundert.
- Author
-
Zweynert, Joachim
- Subjects
SOCIAL cohesion ,ECONOMICS ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift fur Wirtschaftspolitik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. WAS LEISTET DIE KULTURSOZIOLOGIE EIGENTLICH FÜR DIE QUALITÄT DER KULTUR?
- Author
-
Fischer, Joachim
- Subjects
CULTURAL studies ,SOCIOLOGICAL research ,CULTURAL values ,SOCIAL evolution ,SOCIOLOGY ,CULTURE - Abstract
Since 2006, a debate has been waged in Germany over the extent to which cultural sociology does bear a responsibility for the "quality" of culture, especially for high "sustainable" culture. First, this paper reconstructs how the dominant paradigms of cultural sociology have led to an abdication of the task of researching the social conditions of excellent culture. Second, the paper systematically argues against the strong reluctance to attend to the genesis, sustainability and creation of excellent culture that prevails within the contemporary sociology of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. HOMECOMER. SOME BIOGRAPHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF IMMIGRANTS VISITING THEIR FORMER HOMES.
- Author
-
Waniek, Katarzyna
- Subjects
HOMECOMING ,IMMIGRANTS ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,SOCIAL marginality ,IDENTITY (Psychology) ,SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIAL psychology ,GOAL (Psychology) - Abstract
This paper considers some of possible implications of emigrants' visits back home. Alfred Schütz's seminal paper "The Homecomer" provides a theoretical framework for analysis of autobiographical narrative interviews with young Polish people living in Germany. An attempt is made to explore why and how - typical for the emigration processes - a more critical and objective image of country of origin and a growing feeling of strangeness at home deepens emigrants' capacity for reflection on their life and identity. Consequently, most of them painfully realise that they will never fully assimilate with the country of immigration and they no longer find themselves comfortable in their country of origin. This has crucial implications for their biography. The collected empirical data show that some of emigrants plan to immediately return to Poland in order to save their emotional relationship with those back home. Others find their homeland poorer and less prospective in comparison to Germany. This legitimate their residence abroad. And finally, the negative homecoming experience can perform a very important function in the narrators' common-sense argumentation, i.e., this should reduce psychological and biographical costs of their emigration career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
39. THE DIVERSITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE.
- Author
-
Elvers, Horst-Dietrich, Gross, Matthias, and Heinrichs, Harald
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL justice ,POLLUTION -- Social aspects ,ENVIRONMENTAL organizations ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
By comparing the US environmental justice movement with recent European developments, this paper suggests an environmental justice framework which is based on the idea of environmental justice as a heterogeneous process rather than an analytical or normative category. Using major debates on environmental justice particularly in the UK and Germany as a touchstone, eight dimensions of environmental justice are carved out and integrated into a processual model. It is discussed how environmental justice as a process may become robust enough to integrate and react to changing natural and social conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Spanish experience with German psychology prior to World War I.
- Author
-
Mülberger, Annette
- Subjects
SOCIAL sciences ,LIBERALISM ,SOCIOLOGY ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
An increase in interest for German scientific psychology followed the rise of liberalism in late nineteenth-century Spain. This paper deals with Spanish scholars' endeavors to participate in German psychology: It outlines the intellectual and institutional background of Spanish preoccupation with German philosophy and psychology, and deals with the personal experience and testimony of two Spanish philosophers, Eloy Luis André and Juan Vicente Viqueira López, who traveled to Leipzig, Berlin, and Göttingen between 1909 and 1914 to gain firsthand experience in the nascent science of psychology in Germany at that time. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Kleinräumliche Segregation der ausländischen Bevölkerung in Deutschland: Eine Analyse auf der Basis des Mikrozensus.
- Author
-
Janßen, Andrea and Schroedter, Julia H.
- Subjects
SEGREGATION ,CENSUS ,POPULATION ,STATISTICS ,IMMIGRANTS ,SOCIAL integration ,EDUCATION ,ECONOMICS ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
42. Staking the claims of identity: Purism, linguistics and the media in post-1990 Germany.
- Author
-
Spitzmüller, Jürgen
- Subjects
LANGUAGE awareness ,LINGUISTICS ,LANGUAGE & languages ,LANGUAGE & culture ,SOCIOLINGUISTICS ,NATIONALISM ,MIDDLE class ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
The paper examines one of the major metalinguistic debates in post-war Germany: the debate about the influence of English on German, an issue which was raised in the 1990s in the German media and has dominated media discussions on language ever since. The analysis demonstrates that the debate is deeply embedded in current socio-political discourses as well as in long-term discursive traditions concerning, on the one hand, the socio-political changes following German reunification in 1989/90, which involved a revision of the concepts of nation and nationalism, and, on the other, the genesis of the concept of nation, which is closely bound up with the history of the educated bourgeoisie and the process of standardisation as well as linguistic purism. It is argued that the debate on Anglicisms, as is the case in many other metalinguistic debates, cannot be regarded in isolation from the socio-political environment and the context of historical usage within which it is embedded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Preis der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung für sozialwissenschaftliche Aufsätze des Zeitschriftenjahrgangs 2005.
- Subjects
AWARDS ,ENDOWMENTS ,SOCIAL science awards ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
The article announces the winners of the 2005 Fritz Thyssen Endowment. First place went to Francis G. Castles, Herbert Obinger and Stephan Leibfried for their paper "Bremst der Föderalismus den Leviathan? Bundesstaat und Sozialstaat im internationalen Vergleich, 1880-2005." Second prize went to Peter Münte for his paper "Institutionalisierung der Erfahrungswissenschaften in unterschiedlicher Herrschaftskontexten. Zur Erschließung historischer Konstellation anhand bildlicher Darstellungen."
- Published
- 2007
44. LEVINE'S GERMAN TRADITION: Consolations for the Sociologist.
- Author
-
Scaff, Lawrence A.
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIAL sciences ,IDEALISM - Abstract
In Visions of the Sociological Tradition Donald N. Levine presents a view of the German sociological tradition that emphasizes its origins in philosophical idealism. This paper discusses the implications of this view for understanding the formation of sociology in Germany. The author suggests that Levine's account can be supplemented and strengthened by reconstructing the German tradition both as an effort to proceed without foundational philosophical systems and as an outgrowth of social economics and the historical school of political economy. Most importantly, Levine shares the call for sociology as the site of dialogue with that reconstructed German tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. [The life of Henry E. Sigerist - academic scholarship vs. social activism].
- Author
-
Lee JC
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 20th Century, Politics, Switzerland, United States, Historiography, History of Medicine, Professional Practice history, Sociology history
- Abstract
The objective of this paper is to investigate chronologically the life of Sigerist as follows: (i) how Henry Sigerist (1891-1957) became interested in medical history, (ii) how he succeeded Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938) as professor of the history of medicine in the University of Leipzig, (iii) why he came to the Johns Hopkins in 1932, (iv) what he did for health care reform in the U.S. and Canada, (v) why he returned to his motherland in 1947, and (vi) how health professions have been globally influenced by his life. Based on the solid academic scholarship of medical history and sociology, Sigerest was energetically engaged in health care reform. What distinguished his social activism from other health care reformers is that wheras most health care reformers take the positivism-centered perspective to transform the existing health care system, Sigerist integrated historical vision with sociologically a pedagogic mission to pursue health care progress.
- Published
- 1998
46. [History, social history and sociology of medicine. An imaginary controversy with Christian Probst].
- Author
-
Labisch A
- Subjects
- Germany, Historiography, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Social Medicine history, Sociology history
- Abstract
Christian Probst was a distinguished medical historian well-known for his meticulous work especially on late 18th century medicine. Readers of Sudhoffs Archiv will also remember him for his many profound reviews. The present paper was written as an imaginatory post mortem discussion with Christian Probst.
- Published
- 1996
47. The Positivism Dispute in German Sociology, 1954–1970.
- Author
-
Strubenhoff, Marius
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGY ,POSITIVISM ,PHILOSOPHY of history ,FRANKFURT school of sociology ,PHILOSOPHY of science ,TWENTIETH century ,HISTORY of sociology ,HISTORY - Abstract
This article offers a re-contextualization of the Positivism Dispute between the Frankfurt School and advocates of empirical sociology in the German sociological profession between 1954 and 1970. Investigating the reasons why the German Sociological Association convened in Tübingen in October 1961, it assigns a more peripheral role to Karl Popper and this now famous seminar. Focusing instead on the debate among German sociologists from the mid-1950s which prompted the convention of the seminar and the invitation for Popper to speak, the article maintains that philosophy of history was the central concern of the Positivism Dispute. In this debate, members of the Frankfurt School emphasized contingency in history and society, while sociologists such as René König, Helmut Schelsky, Ralf Dahrendorf, and Arnold Gehlen advocated sociology as the empirical study of ‘given’ social facts. By doing so the article questions the narrative of the Positivism Dispute advanced by Karl Popper and some of his followers, as well as interpretations which have focused on debates during the aftermath of the Tübingen seminar in the 1960s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. A PROBLEM OF SOCIOLOGICAL PRAXIS: The Case for Interventive Observation in Field Work.
- Author
-
Bodemann, Y.Michal
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGY ,COMMUNISM ,FRANKFURT school of sociology ,WORK environment - Abstract
Over the past few years, the skepticism against the stance of value neutrality and the reception of the Frankfurt School in the wake of renewed attention to Marxism in a Critical Sociology has once again focused attention on the problem of the integration of theory and praxis in sociology. Bearing in mind social philosopher Karl Marx's famous statement, philosophers have only interpreted the world in different ways, but the point is to change it, members of the Frankfurt School recognized the problem and perhaps difficulty, of praxis in sociology from the very beginning. This paper is primarily an attempt to present a critique of current approaches to field work and especially of participant observation. This particular focus is important for two reasons. First, ethnographic work has become of paramount importance given the sophisticated manipulation of people's lives today. The intricate organization of the work place, the divisive and paralyzing structure especially of the urban setting. The second reason for such an extended critique is that it would guide people to politically and methodologically adequate approaches to field work.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Standardsprache und regionale Umgangssprachen als Varietaäten des Deutschen. Kriterien zu ihrer Bestimmung aus grammatischer und socziolinguistischer Sicht.
- Author
-
Hartmann, Dietrich
- Subjects
NATIVE language ,LANGUAGE & languages ,SOCIOLOGY education ,SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
Which varieties can be distinguished in present-day German? How can we make a distinction between them? A discussion of the traditional notions Standardsprache (standard), Umgangssprache (vernacular), and Dialekte leads us to the problem of a finer differentiation of spoken standard varieties of German, their structure, and their distinction from vernacular varieties. The written standard of German has no exact equivalent in the spoken language, and it is therefore difficult to distinguish the spoken standardfrom regional vernaculars. For historical reasons the description of vernacular varieties in German is very incomplete. However, the description of their grammar and lexicon is an important task because these varieties are in the process of superseding the local dialects of German. A clear distinction between standard and regional vernaculars in spoken German can only be made on the basis of detailed research in this field, especially studies in the sociolinguistics of urban vernaculars. In this paper we discuss some selected details of these problems concerning the lexicon of standard and vernaculars, as well as some new proposals for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Conditions for Conventional and Unconventional Political Participation: An Empirical Test of Economic and Sociological Hypotheses.
- Author
-
OPP, KARL-DIETER, BUROW-AUFFARTH, KÄTE, and HEINRICHS, UWE
- Subjects
POLITICAL participation ,SOCIOLOGY ,POLITICAL science ,POLITICAL rights ,COMMUNITY relations - Abstract
For almost any social phenomenon there exist a great many different theories seeking to explain the respective social facts. This holds also for the field of political participation which is the subject of this paper. In order to explain why people participate more or less in a conventional or unconventional way, not only hypotheses of sociology and political science might be applied. Economics, too, claims to offer valid explanations. In this situation there arises the problem of which theories are superior. In order to contribute to answering this question, some hypotheses on political participation are stated, based upon utility theory. This 'economic model' of (conventional and unconventional) political participation is empirically confronted with two sociological theories of political participation. A theoretical analysis indicates that the economic model implies conditions for the validity of the two sociological theories, Furthermore, a secondary analysis with data from Western Germany showed that the economic model was, in spite of measurement problems, superior to the sociological theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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