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2. Repercussions of Teaching Training in the Sociology of Work in Mexico
- Author
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Vasquez-Martinez, Claudio-Rafael, Giron, Graciela, Zapata-Landeros, Magali, Ayòn-Bañuelos, Antonio, and Morfin-Otero, Maria
- Abstract
The labour markets in Mexico are characterised by uncertainty in terms of the lack of work contracts social protection, unemployment, high level of self-employed workers independently and micro-businesses, low income levels, the involuntary part-time working and low levels of unionisation. They all indicate that the labour situation currently reflects many deficiencies in the urban labour markets of Mexico. Over the two last decades, modest periods of growth and crises have taken place within a strategy of neoliberal development that promotes increased exports and foreign economic investment. Rates of unemployment have stayed low, with the exception of the devaluation crisis of 1995, but our labour markets continue to display very marked weaknesses with regard to occupations and jobs with reasonable income and other suitable conditions of work. [For complete volume, see ED567118.]
- Published
- 2013
3. The International Society for the Social Studies Annual Conference Proceedings (Orlando, Florida, February 28 & March 1, 2013). Volume 2013, Issue 1
- Author
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International Society for the Social Studies (ISSS) and Russell, William Benedict, III
- Abstract
The "ISSS Annual Conference Proceedings" is a peer-reviewed professional publication published once a year following the annual conference. The following papers are included in the 2013 proceedings: (1) Teaching About Asia in a Social Science Education Program (Cyndi Mottola Poole and Joshua L. Kenna); (2) Teaching Students about Contemporary Germany (Janie Hubbard and Karen Larsen Maloley); (3) Evaluating Pedagogical Techniques in Education Courses: Does Assignment Resubmission for Higher Grades Increase Student Achievement? (Joseph Asklar and Russell Owens); (4) Incorporating Global Citizenship into Social Studies Classroom (Anatoli Rapoport); (5) Internal Culture: The Heart of Global Education (Cyndi Mottola Poole); (6) The Treatment of Monotheistic Religions in World History Textbooks (Jason Allen); (7) College Readiness: Preparing Rural Youth for the Future (Jason Hedrick, Mark Light, and Jeff Dick); (8) The University Core Curriculum Program: Factors of Success and Opportunities for Potential Improvement (Mohamed Elgeddawy); (9) Communication processes of Online Education: The Need for a Sociological Reflection (Beatriz Fainholc); (10) Cinema and History of Brazil: A Debate in the Classroom (Paulo Roberto de Azevedo Maia); (11) Practitioner Inquiry in the K-12 Social Studies Classroom (Heather Leaman); (12) Role-Playing Parent-Teacher Conferences Defending a Social Justice Curriculum (Christopher Andrew Brkich and April Cribbs Newkirk); (13) "Steve Obamney": Political Scumbaggery, the Internet, and the Collective Memetic American Consciousness (Christopher Andrew Brkich and Tim Barko); (14) Democratic Twittering: Using Social Media in the Social Studies (Daniel G. Krutka); (15) An Electorate Equality: Are we Seeing a New Age or Era in American History? (Sean M. Lennon); (16) Instances of Reification in Contemporary Society: Work, Consumption, Cyberculture, and Body (Julio Cesar Lemes de Castro); (17) The Ent's Will Rise Again: The Representation of Nature in the Film "The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring" (Iclal Alev Degim); (18) "We need to conserve the beautiful places of the world, and protect them from being destroyed:" Using Papers about Place in an Environmental History Class (Russell Olwell); (19) Lesson Study in Elementary Social Studies Methods (Lara Willox); (20) Visualization of Teacher's Thinking Process While Observing Students: An Educational Neuroscientific Approach (Naoko Okamoto and Yasufumi Kuroda); (21) Perceptions of Teacher Candidates on Quality Standards of Education Faculty (Aysun Dogutas); (22) Laptops and iPads and Smartphones, Oh My! (Brian D. Furgione, Jason Dumont, Alexandra Razgha, and Joe Sanchez); (23) Academic Transition from High School to College (Barbara Houser and Cheryl Avila); (24) QR Codes: Let's Get Them in (and out of) Your Classroom! (Brian D. Furgione, Jason Dumont, Alexandra Razgha, and Joe Sanchez); (25) Creating a New Space: Partners in Global Education (Denise Dallmer); (26) Letting Go of the Textbook: Applying Multimodal Intertextuality in the Secondary Social Studies Classroom (Terrell Brown); (27) Preservice Elementary Teachers' Economic Literacy: Are They Ready to Teach Economics Concepts? (Kenneth V. Anthony, Nicole Miller, and Becky Smith); (28) The Effect of Family Disintegration on Children and Its Negative Impact on Society (Nourah Mohammad Altwaijri); (29) Historical Examination of the Segregated School Experience (Anthony Pellegrino, Linda Mann, and William B. Russell, III); (30) The Effects of Transnational Prejudice on Incorporation and Identity Formation of Oaxacans in the U.S. (Monica Valencia); (31) Neo-Liberalism and the Deconstruction of the Humanistic Pedagogic Tradition (Chris Sparks); (32) The Great Depression as a Generational Lens on Contemporary Social Studies Reform Movements (Doug Feldmann); (33) Digital Collaboration to Promote Learning in the Social Studies Classroom (Raymond W. Francis and Mary Jo Davis); (34) Disrupting Patriarchy: Challenging Gender Violence In Post-Apartheid South Africa and Post-Conflict Northern Ireland (Erin Tunney); (35) The Relationship between Teachers' Conceptions of Democracy and The Practice of Teaching Social Studies: A Collective Case Study of Three Beginning Teachers (Andrew L. Hostetler); (36) Facilitating the Reduction of Recidivism: A Political Philosophical Approach to Community Justice (Philip Waggoner); (37) Teaching Social Studies Through Photography: World Travels of a Pre-Service Teacher (Rebecca Stump); (38) Young Children's Descriptions about the History of Their Given Names (Lois M. Christensen, Szymanski Sunal, Melissa G. Whetstone, Amanda Daniel Pendergrass, and Ebtesam Q. Rababah); (39) Apoyo: How Does This Culturally Learned Practice from México Characterize Hispanic Households in America? (Gilbert Duenas); and (40) Implications of Common Core State Standards on Social Studies Education (Joshua L. Kenna). (Individual papers contain references.) [For the 2012 proceedings, see ED531864.]
- Published
- 2013
4. Some Thoughts on Mexican Poverty Viewed from the Perspective of the World Population Plan of Action.
- Author
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Serron, Luis A.
- Abstract
The paper summarizes findings of a study of Mexican poverty (SO 010 522), and relates these findings to guidelines of the World Population Plan of Action. The study indicated that poverty in Mexico is based upon national and international economic, political, and social factors. Included among these factors are exploitation of labor, rapid population growth, a markedly differentiated class system, income inequalities, concentration of land ownership and economic productivity in the hands of a few, unequal patterns of food distribution, heavy foreign investment, and production for export at the expense of the national market. These factors are considered in light of the following ten recommendations of the World Population Plan of Action: (1) living conditions should be improved; (2) national and international politics should be based on considerations other than power; (3) environmental impact of socioeconomic development should be considered; (4) morbidity and mortality rates should be reduced; (5) fertility rates should be moderated; (6) employment opportunities should be created for the unemployed and the underemployed; (7) new technology should not be encouraged if it will benefit only the few that control it; (8) balanced consumption should be encouraged between rural and urban areas; (9) governments of developing nations should consider social justice in addition to short term economic gains; (10) training in population dynamics should deal with economic, social, and political influences. The conclusion is that Mexico can improve the condition of its economy by creating institutions which favor human development instead of the exploitation of the masses by the few. (Author/DB)
- Published
- 1977
5. Abstracts of Presentations--Seventh Annual 4S Meeting.
- Abstract
Presents abstracts of papers for the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Society for the Social Studies of Science. Topics include, among others, rhetoric of a scientific controversy; recombinant DNA; science and social justice; patent citation analysis; national need and peer-review process; and scientism, romanticism, and social realist images of science. (JN)
- Published
- 1982
6. Potencial ilustrativo y funciones epistémicas de la imagen en investigaciones multidisciplinarias sobre el hábitat contemporáneo de la pobreza.
- Author
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Krieger, Peter
- Subjects
DEVELOPING countries ,URBAN sociology ,ART history ,MEGALOPOLIS ,URBAN poor ,HABITATS ,PERSPECTIVE taking - Abstract
Copyright of Nóesis: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Revista Noesis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Herramientas para la comprensión sociológica del bienestar: analítica de las formas de precariedad social y visibilización del continuo desigualdad(es) violencia(s).
- Author
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Arzate-Salgado, Jorge
- Subjects
SOCIAL policy ,CRITICAL thinking ,INCOME inequality ,SOCIAL dynamics ,EQUALITY ,SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIAL action ,SOCIAL innovation - Abstract
Copyright of Ánfora is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Fronteras 1976: A View of the Border from Mexico. Proceedings of a Conference (San Diego, California, May 7-8, 1976).
- Abstract
Fronteras 1976 is a bicentennial project, coordinated by two cities that share a common geographic region--San Diego, California, and Tijuana, Mexico. The project, developed from the need for structured binational cooperation in this region, focuses on the quality of life for the next century, especially the mutual opportunities and mutual problems of the two cities. The proceedings of the May 1976 plenary session are contained in this document. "A View of the Border from Mexico was the theme. The key address discussed the close ties and resulting impact of one country's actions on the other. The former Mexican Under Secretary of Commerce for Border Development then reviewed the economic growth in the border regions of the United States. The economic progress of the border was discussed along with border problems. A sociological paper was presented which challenged the existing definition of the illegal alien situation as a potential self-fulfilling prophecy with adverse consequences. An architect stressed the need for future binational planning efforts in the context of physical problems facing the people of the region. A senior mexican diplomat who is a specialist on international education concluded the conference by speaking about defining the role of educational exchange in international relations. (Author/ND)
- Published
- 1976
9. ¿Sociología cuir en México? Apuntes sobre las tensiones conceptuales para los estudios sociológicos de la sexualidad.
- Author
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Torres Cruz, César and Moreno Esparza, Hortensia
- Subjects
QUEER theory ,TWENTY-first century ,SOCIOLOGY ,GENDER studies ,POSSIBILITY - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Interdisciplinaria de Estudios de Género de El Colegio de México is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Investigación descolonizada y formación crítica en ciencias sociales.
- Author
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BARONNET, Bruno
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL sciences , *DECOLONIZATION , *RACISM in education , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *SOCIOLOGY , *SOCIAL movements , *ACTIVISTS , *GENDER , *INTELLECTUALS - Abstract
This paper addresses the significance and the challenges of various decolonized practices in research and in social science training methods in Mexico and, particularly, in Chiapas, based on a Latin American approach to the field of studies conducted by intellectuals and activists involved in social movement struggles. We analyze different forms of intercultural dialogues used in decolonizing research in terms of social, ethnic and gender relationships, according to the contexts and the knowledge production of popular and indigenous movements facing politics, education and epistemic racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Neoliberal restructuring, neoregulation, and the Mexican poultry industry.
- Author
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Martinez-Gomez, Francisco, Aboites-Manrique, Gilberto, and Constance, Douglas H.
- Subjects
POULTRY industry ,AGRICULTURAL development ,GLOBALIZATION ,AGRICULTURAL development projects ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
The US poultry industry based on flexible accumulation has been advanced as the model of agro-industrial development for agrifood globalization. Similarly, Mexico has been presented as a noteworthy example of the negative effects of neoliberal restructuring associated with the globalization project. In this paper we use both of these assertions as points of departure to guide an investigation of the case of the restructuring of the Mexican poultry industry. Informed by a commodity systems analysis, archival data and key informant interviews are used to generate an overview of the history of the poultry industry in Mexico. A sociology of agrifood theoretical framework informed by regimes theory is employed to analyze the events of the case. We conclude that neoregulation related to the IMF and NAFTA restructuring in Mexico facilitated the diffusion of the US model of poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Historical Memory, Social Movements, and Redress Politics: Recollecting Liberatory Cognitive Maps of the Bracero Program.
- Author
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Mize, Ronald
- Subjects
SOCIAL movements ,COGNITIVE maps (Psychology) ,HEGEMONY ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
The present paper challenges the collective memory research tradition to reconfigure its first principles by adopting a neo-Gramscian approach to historical memory that more fully elucidates the complex relationships between conflict and consensus, hegemonies and counterhegemonies, historical blocs and transformative social action, the dialectical relationship of past and present, and the politics of remembering, forgetting, and silencing. Of particular interest is the role of social movements and redress politics in compelling actors and nations to come to terms with a sordid past often relegated to the dustbins of history. Rather than assuming that collective memory necessarily reproduces social order, it is best to critically interrogate how those memories might engender social consensus and/or conflict, order and/or change. Quite conceivably, memories could perpetuate conflict and allow the burning embers of past experiences to smolder until awakened. They could reinforce and perpetuate social antagonisms and reproduce a great deal of resentment about both the past and present. The case of the U.S.-Mexico Bracero Program, the largest temporary worker program to date, is critically examined in light of a successful redress campaign in Mexico and an unrealized equivalent in the United States. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
13. A New Educational Paradigm for Evolving Development.
- Author
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Buendía, Agustín and Morales, Carolina
- Subjects
- *
ACADEMIC achievement , *EDUCATIONAL innovations , *EDUCATIONAL change , *EDUCATIONAL sociology , *SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
Despite considerable attention to the need for systemic education for a new society, it is surprising to note how little research has actually been conducted in this area with transdisciplinary approach. Besides, there are many papers about new educational approaches but they are focused on a specific level, for example on higher education. Very little has been done in terms of a systemic and comprehensive approach capable of guiding human development from preschool to postgraduates studies-and beyond. This paper has two purposes: (a) first, to articulate the theoretical framework of a new educational paradigm that responds to current needs of society and that integrates evolutionary perspectives on cultural and human development; (b) second, to suggest a research agenda that may be followed in the future to expand our knowledge base in the new educational paradigms area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Welfare effects of health insurance in Mexico: The case of Seguro Popular de Salud.
- Author
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García-Díaz, Rocío, Sosa-Rubí, Sandra G., Serván-Mori, Edson, and Nigenda, Gustavo
- Subjects
PUBLIC welfare ,HEALTH insurance ,PROPENSITY score matching ,HOUSEHOLDS ,MEDICAL care costs - Abstract
Abstract: This study contributes with original empirical evidence on the distributional and welfare effects of one of the most important health policies implemented by the Mexican government in the last decade, the Seguro Popular de Salud (SPS). We analyze the effect of SPS on households’ welfare using a decomposable index that considers insured and uninsured households’ response to out-of-pocket (OOP) payments using both social welfare weights and inequality aversion. The disaggregation of the welfare index allows us to explore the heterogeneity of the SPS impact on households’ welfare. We applied propensity score matching to reduce the self-selection bias of being SPS insured. Overall results suggest non-conclusive results of the impact of SPS on households’ welfare. When we disaggregated the welfare index by different sub-population groups, our results suggest that households’ beneficiaries of SPS with older adults or living in larger cities are better protected against OOP health care payments than their uninsured counterparts. However, no effect was found among SPS-insured households living in rural and smaller cities, which is a result that could be attributed to limited access to health resources in these regions. Scaling up health insurance coverage is a necessary but not sufficient condition to ensure the protection of SPS coverage against financial risks among the poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Latin America in the New World Order.
- Author
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Veltmeyer, Henry
- Subjects
CAPITALISM ,EQUALITY ,SOCIOLOGY ,LABOR policy ,CENTRAL economic planning ,STRUCTURAL adjustment (Economic policy) ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Assessing Individual Intellectual Output in Scientific Research: Mexico’s National System for Evaluating Scholars Performance in the Humanities and the Behavioral Sciences.
- Author
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Frixione, Eugenio, Ruiz-Zamarripa, Lourdes, and Hernández, Gerardo
- Subjects
HUMANITIES ,PSYCHOLOGICAL research ,PUBLIC health ,MEDICAL practice ,REVIEW committees ,BEHAVIORAL sciences - Abstract
Assessing the research of individual scholars is currently a matter of serious concern and worldwide debate. In order to gauge the long-term efficacy and efficiency of this practice, we carried out a limited survey of the operation and outcome of Mexico’s 30-year old National System of Investigators or SNI, the country’s main instrument for stimulating competitive research in science and technology. A statistical random sample of researchers listed in the area of Humanities and Behavioral Sciences—one of SNI’s first and better consolidated academic divisions comprising a wide range of research disciplines, from philosophy to pedagogy to archaeology to experimental brain research—was screened comparing individual ranks or "Levels of distinction" to actual compliance with the SNI’s own evaluation criteria, as reflected in major public databases of scholarly production. The same analysis was applied to members of a recent Review Committee, integrated by top-level researchers belonging to that general area of knowledge, who have been in charge of assessing and ranking their colleagues. Our results for both sets of scholars show wide disparity of individual productivity within the same SNI Level, according to all key indicators officially required (books issued by prestigious publishers, research articles appeared in indexed journals, and formation of new scientists), as well as in impact estimated by numbers of citations. Statistical calculation from the data indicates that 36% of members in the Review Committee and 53% of researchers in the random sample do not satisfy the official criteria requested for their appointed SNI Levels. The findings are discussed in terms of possible methodological errors in our study, of relevance for the SNI at large in relation to independent appraisals, of the cost-benefit balance of the organization as a research policy tool, and of possible alternatives for its thorough restructuring. As it currently stands SNI is not a model for efficient and effectual national systems of research assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Protest in Mexico's Market Reform Aftermath (1999-2000): An Event-Centered, Quantitative Critique of Political Process Theory.
- Author
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Strawn, Kelley
- Subjects
SOCIAL movements ,PUBLIC demonstrations ,SOCIOLOGY ,CIVIL disobedience ,REGRESSION analysis ,SOCIAL psychology - Abstract
Contemporary social movement theory is more or less unified today in political process theory, a synthesis of resource, social-psychology, and opportunity schools of protest analysis. But this synthesis has failed to adequately identify a role for economic phenomena, particularly in the context of industrializing countries, where debt pressures and instability are common. This research uses the Mexico case to argue that "economy" needs to be more deliberately considered within political process theory. Analysis is based on a two-year database of nationwide protest events in Mexico (1/1/99 - 12/21/00) constructed from news reports from the state news agency, Noticias de Mexico (NOTIMEX). Data are analyzed using a time-series OLS multiple-regression model to examine the effects of economic and political process theory variables on the frequency of protest across each of the 31 states in Mexico (excluding Mexico, DF). By controlling for political process theory factors, the impact of economic phenomena in the model - price inflation, unemployment, wages, and direct foreign investment - are isolated and shown to defy the conventional treatment of them as undifferentiated "resources". Findings support the argument that economic phenomena need to be reexamined as factors unto themselves in the modeling of protest mobilization. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
18. Authorizing State Crime in Mexico: The Importance of a Destructive Social Milieu.
- Author
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Schatz, Sara
- Subjects
CRIME ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,HUMAN rights ,POLICE brutality ,CRIMES against humanity ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
This essay seeks to specify some of the social-psychological determinants that led to the mobilization of deadly state crime in the Latin American authoritarian state context. The Mexican case provides an interesting case in which to specify some of these determinants because hundreds of leftist political party militants, often engaged in legal activities, have been gunned down by state agents (the police, the military, local politicians associated with the dominant party-state) or indirectly by hired guns on behalf of state leaders (Schatz 2001). I argue, in the Mexican case, that leadership authorization of destructive behavior was the critical activating historical condition activating deadly state crime because it created a permissive social milieu that allows for the utilization of more extreme forms of violence including the use of political assassination as a mode of social control. This permissive social milieu was, of course, aided by a passive legal system that generated the almost complete lack of penalties for state-sanctioned brutality. While none of these determinants alone may be sufficient to produce a wave of political-electoral homicides, when they all combine, it makes such destructive behavior very likely to occur. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
19. Technocrats and the Private Sector in Mexico?s 1982 Neoliberal Transition.
- Author
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Gates, Leslie C.
- Subjects
PRIVATE sector ,ECONOMIC reform ,SOCIAL networks ,INVESTMENTS - Abstract
This study re-examines private sector influence in Mexico?s1982 neoliberal economic transition, a transition typically attributed to an autonomous semi-authoritarian state. It does so by exploring two modes of private sector influence that may be more important in developing countries than in advanced industrial countries and which may also address the following two unresolved questions regarding Mexico?s neoliberal transition: 1) Why did a group of politically savvy government employed economists (technocrats) pursue neoliberal economic reforms before the debt crisis of 1982? 2) How did technocrats associated with neoliberal reforms secure the presidential nomination in 1982? With an investigation of the capacity of pro-neoliberal business sectors to mobilize through social networks, their relative economic power and attendant capacity to constrain government decisions through investments, this study reveals that private sector interests figured more prominently in Mexico?s 1982 neoliberal transition than previously estimated and raises questions about the role of the domestic private sector in making successful neoliberal transitions possible more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Sierra de Guerrero, México: desplazamiento interno forzado, despojo y estigmatización.
- Author
-
Argüello Cabrera, Libertad
- Subjects
FORCED migration ,LIVING conditions ,ETHNOLOGY ,SOCIOLOGY ,STEREOTYPES - Abstract
Copyright of Estudios Sociológicos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Violencias en el Norte de México: el caso de Ciudad Juárez.
- Author
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Aziz Nassif, Alberto
- Subjects
DRUG traffic ,VIOLENCE ,VIOLENCE & society ,DRUGS & crime ,SOCIOLOGY ,POLITICAL science ,SOCIAL history ,MEXICAN politics & government - Abstract
Copyright of Iberoamericana America Latina-Espana-Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
22. Segregación socioespacial urbana. Debates contemporáneos e implicaciones para las ciudades mexicanas.
- Author
-
Pérez-Campuzano, Enrique
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGY ,GEOGRAPHY ,SOCIAL sciences ,ECONOMIC sanctions - Abstract
Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
23. Karl Mannheim en la formación de la sociologóa moderna en America Latina.
- Author
-
Blanco, Alejandro
- Subjects
HISTORY of sociology ,SOCIAL psychology - Abstract
Copyright of Estudios Sociológicos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
24. JUVENTUD, IDENTIDAD Y CIUDAD: ALGUNOS APUNTES PARA LA REFLEXIÓN.
- Author
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Portillo Sánchez, Maricela
- Subjects
- *
SOCIETIES , *CITIES & towns , *SOCIAL history , *SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
The primary interest of the present paper is to reflect about the transformations in modem society and their effect on the daily dynamics of the city and in the practices of the people who inhabit it. Our reflections are centered particularly on Mexico City and in the youths who live there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. ESTUDIO BASE DE TELENOVELAS EN MEXICO: nota metodológica.
- Subjects
- *
TELENOVELAS , *TELEVISION series , *DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics , *SOCIOLOGY , *LIKERT scale - Abstract
This paper presents the skeleton of a first-stage sample survey of six Mexican cities (Colima, Guadalajara, Leon, Mexico, Puebla and Veracruz) focusing on the different ways in which a probabalistic and quoted sample, representing approximately 85% of the Mexican urban population, perceives soap operas. An open and closed questionnaire, utilizing Likert's classic scales, provides much classified quantitative and qualitative information about who watches soap operas in Mexico (sex, social class, age), and the different ways in which viewers are related and have made a social appropriation of soap operas. This is one of the few current academic studies on the problematic relationship between social structures and television drama in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1988
26. Validation of a Multidimensional Social Cohesion Scale: A Case in Urban Areas of Mexico.
- Author
-
Martínez-Martínez, Oscar A., Ramírez-López, Araceli, and Rodríguez-Brito, Anidelys
- Subjects
SOCIAL cohesion ,CITIES & towns ,SOCIAL impact ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
People have been interested in social cohesion and its implications in different areas of social life from the classic sociology authors until today. Besides its multidimensional nature, this complex construct also faces the issue of measurement. For this reason, the objective of this article is to adapt and validate a scale that measures in a multidimensional way social cohesion for urban areas. The results obtained through Cronbach's α coefficient, McDonald's Ω coefficient, and confidence intervals for both coefficients show that the resulting questions have high levels of discrimination and an acceptable reliability, so the scale developed is valid methodologically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The stratified biomedicalization of HIV prevention in Mexico City.
- Author
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Torres-Cruz, César and Suárez-Díaz, Edna
- Subjects
HIV prevention ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,ETHNOLOGY ,FEMINISM ,GAY men ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HOSPITAL health promotion programs ,OUTPATIENT services in hospitals ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL care costs ,PREVENTIVE medicine ,PREVENTIVE health services ,PUBLIC health ,PUBLIC hospitals ,RESEARCH funding ,RISK-taking behavior ,SCIENCE ,SEX distribution ,SOCIAL workers ,SOCIOLOGY ,TECHNOLOGY ,THERAPEUTICS ,ETHNOLOGY research ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,UNSAFE sex ,HUMAN services programs ,MOBILE apps ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
In the late 1990s antiretroviral pharmaceuticals began to be used in the United States and Western Europe to prevent HIV infection in contexts of occupational exposure. One decade later, the application of Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) had been extended to include cases of exposure to sexual assault, injection-drug use, and consensual sexual intercourse deemed at high risk. This article explores the implementation of biomedicalized HIV prevention protocols at a public healthcare clinic in Mexico City, building on sociological-feminist approaches in Science and Technology Studies (STS) and drawing on interviews with key actors, as well as digital ethnography. We emphasise the stratified biomedicalization or, said otherwise, the differences in PEP and PrEP accessibility and consumption among different populations and groups. We also describe the fragile grip of institutionalised biomedical solutions when alternative 'moral economies' intersect with them, particularly in contexts like Mexico, where governmental funding for experimental research on biomedical innovations has been limited. This text reveals both the existence of contrasting technoscientific interventions along class and gender differences, and the multiple and vivid ways by which individuals appropriate and interpret global biomedical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Migrants in transit through Mexico to the US: Experiences with violence and related factors, 2009-2015.
- Author
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Leyva-Flores, René, Infante, Cesar, Gutierrez, Juan Pablo, Quintino-Perez, Frida, Gómez-Saldivar, MariaJose, and Torres-Robles, Cristian
- Subjects
DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics ,VIOLENCE against women ,POPULATION ,VIOLENCE ,RAPE ,SEXUAL assault ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of the study are to 1) estimate the burden of physical, sexual, and psychological violence among migrants in transit through Mexico to the US; and 2) examine the associations between experiencing violence and sociodemographic characteristics, migratory background, and health status in this vulnerable population. Method: A cross-sectional study combining qualitative and quantitative methods was carried out from 2009 to 2015 with a sample of 12,023 migrants in transit through Mexico to the US. Information on gender (male, female, and transsexual, transgender and transvestite -TTTs-); nationality; health status; migratory background; and experiences with violence was obtained. Fifty-eight migrants participated in in-depth interviews to explore any experiences of violence during their journey. A descriptive analysis was performed and a probit regression model was applied to analyze the factors associated with violence. Qualitative information was analyzed to understand experiences, meanings and responses to violence. Results: The overall prevalence of suffering from any form of violence was 29.4%. Nearly 24% reported physical violence, 19.5% experienced psychological violence, and approximately 2% reported sexual violence. TTTs experienced a significantly greater burden of violence compared to men and women. Violence occurred more frequently among migrants from Central American (30.6%) and other countries (40.0%) than it did among Mexican migrants (20.5%). Experiences involving sexual, physical and psychological violence as well as theft and even kidnapping were described by interviewees. Migrants mistrust the police, migration authorities, and armed forces, and therefore commonly refrain from revealing their experiences. Conclusion: Migrants are subjected to a high level of violence while in transit to the US. Those traveling under irregular migratory conditions are targets of even greater violence, a condition exacerbated by gender inequality. Migrants transiting through Mexico from Central American and other countries undergo violence more frequently than do Mexican migrants. Protective measures are urgently needed to ensure the human rights of these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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29. Comparing the effectiveness of a hybrid and in-person courses of wheelchair service provision knowledge: A controlled quasi-experimental study in India and Mexico.
- Author
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Burrola-Mendez, Yohali, Bonilla-Escobar, Francisco J., Goldberg, Mary, and Pearlman, Jon
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ELECTRIC wheelchairs ,BLENDED learning ,WHEELCHAIRS ,ECONOMIC impact ,PROFESSIONS - Abstract
Background: Evidence highlights a global shortage of wheelchair service provision education and training that results in inappropriate wheelchair provision with associated health and economic consequences. Two learning methodologies, a hybrid and an in-person course, based on the World Health Organization Wheelchair Service Training Package Basic Level, currently are available to train wheelchair service providers worldwide. The effectiveness of the in-person methodology, used as the standard of practice, has never been tested. Meanwhile, the Hybrid Course, which combines online and in-person training, was developed to reduce training costs and to scale training interventions and has shown potential effectiveness in increasing basic level wheelchair service provision knowledge. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of both learning methodologies based on knowledge and satisfaction among a group of wheelchair service providers in India and Mexico. Methods: We conducted a controlled quasi-experimental study to evaluate changes in basic wheelchair knowledge and levels of satisfaction between Hybrid and In-person course learners in India and Mexico. A convenience sampling method guided by local stakeholders’ input was used to recruit participants. Outcomes were assessed using self-administered online surveys, the International Society of Wheelchair Professionals Wheelchair Service Provision Basic Test (primary outcome) completed pre- and post- the learning intervention and an anonymous Satisfaction Survey (secondary outcome) completed post- intervention. Baseline characteristics were compared among groups using hypothesis tests based on their assumptions. The primary analysis was intention-to-treat. To address missing values and lost to follow-up, multiple chained imputations were conducted. The primary outcome was analyzed using linear mixed models. The secondary outcome was analyzed using a two-tailed two independent samples t-test. Results: A total of 81 participants, 43 (53.1%) in the In-person group and 38 (46.9%) in the Hybrid group, participated in the study. Mean baseline knowledge scores were below the passing cutoff of the test (53 points) in both groups. Both study groups experienced statistically significant improvements in the primary outcome when comparing pre- and post-test scores (p<0.0001) with total mean scores above the passing cutoff of the test. The in-person group experienced, on average, larger effects on the primary outcome. The difference in mean change from post-test to pre-tests between In-person groups and Hybrid was 3.6 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.7;5.4), Cohen’s d = 0.36, with a small effect size favoring the In-person training. With regards to satisfaction, the difference between the two interventions was 0.23±0.07 in favor of the In-person group (p = 0.0021). Conclusions: Both learning methodologies had a statistically significant effect in increasing wheelchair service knowledge with overall high levels of satisfaction. However, the In-person group reported overall larger effects when compared with the Hybrid methodology. This study provided recommendations on how organizations can improve blended learning interventions to enhance participants’ learning experiences and reduce potential barriers and limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Who presents past the gestational age limit for first trimester abortion in the public sector in Mexico City?
- Author
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Saavedra-Avendano, Biani, Schiavon, Raffaela, Sanhueza, Patricio, Rios-Polanco, Ranulfo, Garcia-Martinez, Laura, and Darney, Blair G.
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GESTATIONAL age ,PUBLIC sector ,THIRD trimester of pregnancy ,PREGNANCY complications ,ABORTION - Abstract
Objective: To identify socio-demographic factors associated with presenting for abortion services past the gestational age (GA) limit (12 weeks), and thus not receiving services, in Mexico City’s public sector first trimester abortion program. Methods: We used clinical data from four high volume sites in the Interrupción Legal de Embarazo (ILE) program, 2007–2015. We used descriptive statistics to quantify the proportion of women who did not receive an abortion due to presenting past the gestational age limit. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify associations between women’s characteristics and presenting past the GA limit and calculated predicted probabilities of late presentation for key characteristics. Results: Our sample included 52,391 women, 8.10% (n = 4,246) of whom did not receive abortion services due to presenting past the GA limit. Adolescents (12–17) made up 8.69% of the total sample and 13.40% of those presenting past the GA limit (p< 0.05). In multivariable analyses, all age groups of adult women had significantly lower odds than adolescents of presenting past the limit (aOR = 0.77, aOR = 0.63, aOR = 0.58 and aOR = 0.37 for 19–24, 25–29, 30–39, and > = 40 years’ old respectively). Women living in Mexico City and with higher levels of education had lower odds of presenting past the GA limit, and there was an educational gradient across all age groups. In the multivariable predicted probability models, adolescents at every level of education have significantly higher probabilities of not receiving an abortion due to presenting past the gestational age limit compared with adults (among women with a primary education: 11.75% adolescents vs. 9.02–4.26% across adult age groups). Conclusions: Our results suggest that continued efforts are needed to educate women, especially younger and less educated women, about early pregnancy recognition. In addition, all women need information about the availability of first trimester legal abortion to ensure timely access to abortion services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. First-Year Evaluation of Mexico's Tax on Nonessential Energy-Dense Foods: An Observational Study.
- Author
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Batis, Carolina, Rivera, Juan A., Popkin, Barry M., and Taillie, Lindsey Smith
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TAXATION of food ,TAXATION ,PREVENTION of obesity ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,PACKAGED foods ,DIABETES prevention ,TAX laws ,CARBONATED beverages ,CONVENIENCE foods ,FOOD ,FOOD habits ,INGESTION ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Background: In an effort to prevent continued increases in obesity and diabetes, in January 2014, the Mexican government implemented an 8% tax on nonessential foods with energy density ≥275 kcal/100 g and a peso-per-liter tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Limited rigorous evaluations of food taxes exist worldwide. The objective of this study was to examine changes in volume of taxed and untaxed packaged food purchases in response to these taxes in the entire sample and stratified by socioeconomic status (SES).Methods and Findings: This study uses data on household packaged food purchases representative of the Mexican urban population from The Nielsen Company's Mexico Consumer Panel Services (CPS). We included 6,248 households that participated in the Nielsen CPS in at least 2 mo during 2012-2014; average household follow-up was 32.7 mo. We analyzed the volume of purchases of taxed and untaxed foods from January 2012 to December 2014, using a longitudinal, fixed-effects model that adjusted for preexisting trends to test whether the observed post-tax trend was significantly different from the one expected based on the pre-tax trend. We controlled for household characteristics and contextual factors like minimum salary and unemployment rate. The mean volume of purchases of taxed foods in 2014 changed by -25 g (95% confidence interval = -46, -11) per capita per month, or a 5.1% change beyond what would have been expected based on pre-tax (2012-2013) trends, with no corresponding change in purchases of untaxed foods. Low SES households purchased on average 10.2% less taxed foods than expected (-44 [-72, -16] g per capita per month); medium SES households purchased 5.8% less taxed foods than expected (-28 [-46, -11] g per capita per month), whereas high SES households' purchases did not change. The main limitations of our findings are the inability to infer causality because the taxes were implemented at the national level (lack of control group), our sample is only representative of urban areas, we only have 2 y of data prior to the tax, and, as with any consumer panel survey, we did not capture all foods purchased by the household.Conclusions: Household purchases of nonessential energy-dense foods declined in the first year after the implementation of Mexico's SSB and nonessential foods taxes. Future studies should evaluate the impact of the taxes on overall energy intake, dietary quality, and food purchase patterns (see S1 Abstract in Spanish). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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32. A Performance Analysis of Public Expenditure on Maternal Health in Mexico.
- Author
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Servan-Mori, Edson, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Nigenda, Gustavo, and Lozano, Rafael
- Subjects
MATERNAL health ,PUBLIC spending ,MATERNAL mortality ,SOCIAL security ,MEDICAL economics - Abstract
We explore the relationship between public expenditure, coverage of adequate ANC (including timing, frequent and content), and the maternal mortality ratio -adjusted by coverage of adequate ANC- observed in Mexico in 2012 at the State level. Additionally, we examine the inequalities and concentration of public expenditure between populations with and without Social Security. Results suggest that in the 2003–2011 period, the public expenditure gap between women with and without Social Security decreased 74%, however, the distribution is less equitable among women without Social Security, across the States. Despite high levels of coverage on each dimension of ANC explored, coverage of adequate ANC was lower among Social Security than non-Social Security women. This variability results in differences up to 1.5 times in State-adjusted maternal mortality rate at the same level of expense and maternal mortality rate, respectively. The increase in the economic resources is only a necessary condition for achieving improved health outcomes. Providing adequate health services and achieving efficient, effective and transparent use of resources in health, are critical elements for health systems performance. The attainment of universal effective coverage of maternal health and reducing maternal mortality in Mexico, requires the adjustment of policy innovations including the rules of allocation and execution of health resources. Health policies should be designed on a more holistic view promoting a balance between accessibility, effective implementation and rigorous stewardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Financing Maternal Health and Family Planning: Are We on the Right Track? Evidence from the Reproductive Health Subaccounts in Mexico, 2003–2012.
- Author
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Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Montañez-Hernandez, Julio, Servan-Mori, Edson, Aracena-Genao, Belkis, and del Río-Zolezzi, Aurora
- Subjects
MATERNAL health ,FAMILY planning ,REPRODUCTIVE health ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL care costs ,LONGITUDINAL method ,HEALTH outcome assessment - Abstract
Objective: To analyze whether the changes observed in the level and distribution of resources for maternal health and family planning (MHFP) programs from 2003 to 2012 were consistent with the financial goals of the related policies. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal descriptive analysis of the Mexican Reproductive Health Subaccounts 2003–2012 was performed by financing scheme and health function. Financing schemes included social security, government schemes, household out-of-pocket (OOP) payments, and private insurance plans. Functions were preventive care, including family planning, antenatal and puerperium health services, normal and cesarean deliveries, and treatment of complications. Changes in the financial imbalance indicators covered by MHFP policy were tracked: (a) public and OOP expenditures as percentages of total MHFP spending; (b) public expenditure per woman of reproductive age (WoRA, 15–49 years) by financing scheme; (c) public expenditure on treating complications as a percentage of preventive care; and (d) public expenditure on WoRA at state level. Statistical analyses of trends and distributions were performed. Results: Public expenditure on government schemes grew by approximately 300%, and the financial imbalance between populations covered by social security and government schemes decreased. The financial burden on households declined, particularly among households without social security. Expenditure on preventive care grew by 16%, narrowing the financing gap between treatment of complications and preventive care. Finally, public expenditure per WoRA for government schemes nearly doubled at the state level, although considerable disparities persist. Conclusions: Changes in the level and distribution of MHFP funding from 2003 to 2012 were consistent with the relevant policy goals. However, improving efficiency requires further analysis to ascertain the impact of investments on health outcomes. This, in turn, will require better financial data systems as a precondition for improving the monitoring and accountability functions in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The Problems of Mexico: An Analysis of a Sociological Discourse.
- Author
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DELLA FAILLE, DIMITRI
- Subjects
SOCIAL conditions in Mexico ,SOCIOLOGY periodicals ,SOCIAL problems ,DISCOURSE analysis ,ELITE (Social sciences) ,LABOR unions ,GLOBALIZATION ,CAPITALISM - Abstract
Based on an empirical analysis of articles published between 1987 and 2006 in three major Mexican sociological journals, my research traces the continuities and discontinuities in the study of the alleged malfunctioning of Mexican society. The study of how sociologists represented Mexican society has revealed several discursive dynamics. The traditional economic and political perspectives blaming social problems on elites predominate. Studies of electoral system flaws, political contention, lacklustre democracy in unions, and union collusion with industrial capitalism abound. More recently, however, the introduction of the study of globalisation has transformed the examination of these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Sex Workers Perspectives on Strategies to Reduce Sexual Exploitation and HIV Risk: A Qualitative Study in Tijuana, Mexico.
- Author
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Goldenberg, Shira M., Engstrom, David, Rolon, Maria Luisa, Silverman, Jay G., and Strathdee, Steffanie A.
- Subjects
SEX workers ,HIV infection risk factors ,HIV prevention ,QUALITATIVE research ,AIDS prevention ,CHILDREN'S health - Abstract
Globally, female sex workers are a population at greatly elevated risk of HIV infection, and the reasons for and context of sex industry involvement have key implications for HIV risk and prevention. Evidence suggests that experiences of sexual exploitation (i.e., forced/coerced sex exchange) contribute to health-related harms. However, public health interventions that address HIV vulnerability and sexual exploitation are lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elicit recommendations for interventions to prevent sexual exploitation and reduce HIV risk from current female sex workers with a history of sexual exploitation or youth sex work. From 2010–2011, we conducted in-depth interviews with sex workers (n = 31) in Tijuana, Mexico who reported having previously experienced sexual exploitation or youth sex work. Participants recommended that interventions aim to (1) reduce susceptibility to sexual exploitation by providing social support and peer-based education; (2) mitigate harms by improving access to HIV prevention resources and psychological support, and reducing gender-based violence; and (3) provide opportunities to exit the sex industry via vocational supports and improved access to effective drug treatment. Structural interventions incorporating these strategies are recommended to reduce susceptibility to sexual exploitation and enhance capacities to prevent HIV infection among marginalized women and girls in Mexico and across international settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Mexican Deaths in the Arizona Desert: The Culpability of Migrants, Humanitarian Workers, Governments, and Businesses.
- Author
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Whitaker, Julie
- Subjects
CRIMES against undocumented immigrants ,IMMIGRANTS ,ETHICS ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
Since the mid-1990s, there has been a rise in the number of deaths of undocumented Mexican migrants crossing the U.S./Mexican border. Who is responsible for these deaths? This article examines the culpability of (1) migrants, (2) humanitarian volunteers, (3) the Mexican government, (4) the U.S. government, and (5) U.S. businesses. A significant portion of the blame is assigned to U.S. free trade policies and U.S. businesses employing undocumented immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Generational differences and similarities among Puerto Rican and Mexican mothers' experiences with familial ethnic socialization.
- Author
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Umaña-Taylor, Adriana J. and Yazedjian, Ani
- Subjects
ADOLESCENCE ,ADOLESCENT psychology ,ETHNICITY ,GROUP identity ,SOCIALIZATION ,CROSS-cultural studies on socialization ,MEXICANS ,PUERTO Ricans ,ETHNOLOGY ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
We used focus group methodology to explore differences and similarities in the process of familial ethnic socialization among first- and second-generation Mexican and Puerto Rican mothers (N = 75). Across all groups, mothers communicated the importance and purposefulness of familial ethnic socialization practices that took place in their homes. A number of similarities emerged across national origin and generational groups, indicating that there were numerous shared experiences that did not change with greater time in the US and did not vary by national origin. Nevertheless, differences across generational status and within national origin groups were also discovered. Findings are discussed within the context of Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory and an acculturative framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Styles of Sociological Thought: Sociologies, Epistemologies, and the Mexican and U.S. Quests for Truth.
- Author
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Abend, Gabriel
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIAL sciences ,THEORY of knowledge ,PHILOSOPHY ,SCIENTIFIC knowledge ,SOCIOLOGY of knowledge ,MEXICANS ,ETHNOLOGY - Abstract
Both U.S. and Mexican sociologies allege that they are in the business of making true scientific knowledge claims about the social world. Conventional conceptions of science notwithstanding, I demonstrate that their claims to truth and scientificity are based on alternative epistemological grounds. Drawing a random sample of nonquantitative articles from four leading journals, I show that, first, they assign a different role to theories, and indeed they have dissimilar understandings of what a theory should consist of. Second, whereas U.S. sociology actively struggles against subjectivity, Mexican sociology maximizes the potentials of subjective viewpoints. Third, U.S. sociologists tend to regard highly and Mexican sociologists to eagerly disregard the principle of ethical neutrality. These consistent and systematic differences raise two theoretical issues. First, I argue that Mexican and U.S. sociologies are epistemologically, semantically, and perceptually incommensurable. I contend that this problem is crucial for sociology's interest in the social conditioning of scientific knowledge's content. Second, I suggest four lines of thought that can help us explain the epistemological differences I find. Finally, I argue that sociologists would greatly profit from studying epistemologies in the same fashion they have studied other kinds of scientific and nonscientific beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Do conditional cash transfers influence migration? A study using experimental data from the Mexican PROGRESA program.
- Author
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Stecklov, Guy, Winters, Paul, Stampini, Marco, and Davis, Benjamin
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration ,SOCIAL networks ,INTERNAL migration ,POVERTY ,SOCIAL groups ,POPULATION ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
Prior research on Mexican migration has shown that social networks and economic incentives play an important role in determining migration outcomes. We use experimental data from PROGRESA, Mexico's primary poverty-reduction program, to evaluate the effects of conditional cash transfers on migration both domestically and to the United States. Our study complements a growing body of literature aimed at overcoming longstanding hurdles to the establishment of causal validity in empirical studies of migration. Analysis based on the data collected before and after the program's onset shows that conditional transfers reduce U.S. migration but not domestic migration. The data also enable us to explore the role of existing family and community migration networks. The results show that migration networks strongly influence migration, but that the effect of conditional transfers on migration is apparently not mediated by existing migration network structures. Our results suggest that conditional transfers may be helpful in managing rural out-migration, particularly to the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Counting on Kin: Social Networks, Social Support, and Child Health Status.
- Author
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Kana'iaupuni, Shawn Malia, Donato, Katharine M., Thompson-Colón, Theresa, and Stainback, Melissa
- Subjects
CHILDREN'S health ,SOCIAL networks ,SOCIAL support ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
This article presents the results of new data collection in Mexico about the relationship between child well-being and social networks. Two research questions guide the analysis. First, under what conditions do networks generate greater (lesser) support? Second, what kinds of networks are associated with healthier children? We explore the health status effects of several dimensions of social networks, including network size, kinship roles, interaction (proximity, contact, and coresidence), and provision of financial and emotional support. Our key findings suggest that networks containing more extended kin and coresident ties offer greater support resources to mothers with young children, especially among the poorest households. We also find that network structures characterized by more social support and greater interaction with extended, rather than immediate, kin help sustain healthier children. Together these findings indicate the advantages of examining specific role relationships in network research among economically marginalized families and attest to the importance of social networks founded on principles of reciprocity, confianza, and compadrazgo to the well-being of Mexican families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Mexico's Community-Managed Forests as a Global Model for Sustainable Landscapes.
- Author
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Bray, David Barton, Merino‐Pérez, Leticia, Negreros‐Castillo, Patricia, Segura‐Warnholtz, Gerardo, Torres‐Rojo, Juan Manuel, and Vester, Henricus F. M.
- Subjects
FORESTS & forestry ,SOCIOLOGY ,ECOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Effects of Truth: Re-Presentations of the Past and the Imagining of Community.
- Author
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Alonso, Ana Maria
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGY ,TRUTH ,HERMENEUTICS ,HISTORY ,THEORY of knowledge - Abstract
The article examines the production of effects of truth and power in both official and popular historical discourses in Mexico and demonstrates how representations of the past configure the imagining of community. All histories, whether spoken or written, are produced in an encounter between hermeneutics and a field of social action which is symbolically constituted, even though at the time of the action, the meanings embedded in practice may not be clearly or fully evident to the consciousness of actors. Representations of the past, whether professional or popular, printed or spoken, are defined as specific sorts of performances or texts through a series of framing devices. The way such reconstructions are framed configures their truth value by bringing into play the ideologically constituted status of different forms of knowledge. The discussion of the ideological constitution of histories will be limited to the role of ideology in the creation of retroactive reconstructions of social practice.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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