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Small cities located on the periphery of large cities have long faced challenges such as difficulties in economic development and population loss, especially in China. The concentration of a few super-large cities in China has hindered the growth of per capita income in most small cities and led to a widening income gap between cities. In addition, studies have shown that central cities can have a polarizing impact on surrounding areas thereby hindering economic growth. To address these issues, this paper examines Baoding, a small city close to the capital, Beijing. Through literature and policy research, we analyse how Baoding can take advantage of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration policy and pursue its urban development in the presence of neighbouring large cities. By providing theoretical suggestions the research contributes to Baodin's urban development through five potential industries: healthcare, automotive, electronics, digital, and tourism. Furthermore, we emphasize the practical contributions such as: the importance of higher education as a key driver of sustainable development for the city. Based on our analysis, we suggest that Baoding's strategic development direction should be aligned with Beijing's needs while recognizing that such alignment is merely a means to an end. The goal of urban development should always be to improve the living standards and well-being of citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green development is a significant concept that cannot be ignored in contemporary society. However, in the context of China's transition from high-speed growth to high-quality development, the complex impact of urban development has brought great challenges to the urban green environment. In this paper, the impact of urban development on green development efficiency (GDE) was studied. First and foremost, a Super-SBM model was introduced to measure the GDE of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta during 2009–2018. Moreover, a Tobit model was used to analyze the correlation between four urban development factors, including economic development and GDE. According to the results, the mean GDE of the Yangtze River Delta is 0.824, and the GDE in most cities there has shown a fluctuating growth trend in this decade. By comparison, the GDEs of coastal cities and cities in the southeast of the Yangtze River Delta were generally higher than those of cities in the north, indicating that the green development is geographically unbalanced, and there is spatial heterogeneity in the area studied. The study's results also suggest that the urban economic development, innovation level, and government planning play a significant role in stimulating urban green development, and that the expansion of urban construction area hinders the improvement of GDE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the accelerated worldwide urbanization process, land-use zoning has been playing an increasingly important role in urban planning and development. Ahead of detailed planning, regional land-use zoning provides significant guidance to subsequent design and constructions, especially for large conurbations in less developed regions. Foshan, lies in the south of China with an area of 3,813.64 km2 and a population of about 3.36 million, is a typical Chinese city with a relatively well-developed industry. This paper studies how land-use zoning diagnose the present urban land use, optimize the landscape pattern, as well as improves urban development sustainability. On the basis of integrated evaluation of ecological capacity, ecological suitability, ecosystem services, and ecological footprint, this paper designs the three-level land-use zoning for Foshan. Four areas, 11 sections, and 78 cells have been designed within four main classifications of function zones: ecological conservation area, ecologically sensitive area, ecological construction area, and ecological regulation area. Accordingly the overall land-use pattern of Foshan has been clearly improved in terms of urban sprawl control, landscape pattern optimization, industrial layout redesign, and ecological conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban industrial intelligence (ININ) has been given great impetus to in China because it may boost urban high-quality development (HQD), which does not overlook the "quality" and "quantity" of development but focuses on the results and benefits of growth in multiple dimensions, including economic development, social equity, and the ecological environment. Three factors are suggested to explain the phenomenon: green innovation, market potential, and industrial pollution. Spatial correlations between ININ and HQD are also worthy to be detected for further strategic policy implications. On the basis of a panel of 278 Chinese cities from 2009 to 2020, this paper focuses on how ININ contributes to HQD, in hopes of advancing the process of sustainable urban development in China. Our results show that ININ is positively correlated with HQD, and significant and positive influence of ININ spillovers are found, which denotes the possibility and benefits of synergetic city development in China. • Urban industrial intelligence has impacted the high-quality urban development of China. • Urban green innovation, market potential and urban industrial pollution can be the mediating factors. • Strong spatial correlation exists among China's urban high-quality development. • A policy spillover effect of industrial intelligence on high-quality development exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regional level is believed to be an important platform to carry out sustainable development (SD) strategies. In China, the rapid urbanization process causes city expansions. To protect environmentally sensitive areas between cities, some protected areas (PAs) have been established. This paper proposes a framework of translating general SD principles into specific practices at the regional level, particularly for the PAs. The framework is based on and illustrated by a detailed case study of the comprehensive SD planning of an environmentally sensitive area in China. A multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) technique, the analytic network process (ANP), was used to weigh the evaluation criteria and rank the proposed capital and social development projects. It was found that the framework was helpful in guiding the SD planning process and the ANP method provided insights on the interaction of various aspects of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectacular growth of Chinese cities since the 1980s is often theorised as reflecting the advantages of latecomer development (ALD). ALD has been more effective in cosmopolitan, globally accessible coastal cities than outer cities. As leading cities, like Shanghai, close the development gap, the potential for 'easy' ALD growth falls off rapidly. Because institution building is more difficult than firm-based growth, ALD strategies may generate rapid short-term economic growth but not sustainable development. Accordingly, Chongqing municipality, with a population of 33 million, in West China, is pursuing a beyond latecomer advantage model. This is characterised by: (i) reducing poverty and rural-urban disparity through accelerated urbanisation, rural-urban integration and emphasising human resource development; (ii) upgrading the value added of Chongqing's economy through targeting of FDI and incentives to local start-ups; (iii) endogenous development, reducing risks from external shocks; (iv) Hukou reform; (v) establishing a land use conversion certificate market to rationalise land use; (vi) emphasis on morality to address crime/corruption; (vii) recognition of the importance of amenity in attracting investment and talent; and (viii) establishing a longer developmental time perspective. This paper explores this Chongqing model in detail. 摘要 中国自20世纪80年代以来所取得的辉煌经济增长，在很大程度上是基于其引进外资和利用后发优势来实现的。而后发优势的推进，在国际化大都市和那些拥有全球通达性的沿海城市会更为有效。作为先锋性城市，如上海等，随着与全球城市发展的差距日益缩小，'易于'实现后发优势的潜力就会迅速消失，这是因为制度建设要比以企业为基础的经济增长更难推进，因此后发优势或许能带来快速的短期经济增长，但并不能带来当然的可持续发展。有鉴于此，重庆市，这座拥有3300万人口的中国西部城市，正在寻找一条'超越后发优势'的发展道路。这一模式目前正在成长中，表现出如下特征：（1）通过加快城市化进程、城乡融合发展和强调人力资本开发，减少贫困和城乡差别；（2）通过引进外资和刺激本地企业创业，提升重庆市的经济附加值；（3）通过内生性发展，减少外部动荡所引起的风险；（4）通过农村集体土地资产的创新性盘活，有效地进行户籍改革；（5）通过建立土地市场的流转证制度，优化城乡土地的利用效率；（6）通过强调道德建设和反腐倡廉以及强有力的打击犯罪，提升全体市民的向心力和士气；（7）通过强调环境质量在吸引投资和人才方面的重要作用，加快外向型和宜居型城市的发展步伐；（8）通过建立公务员服务质量评价体系，倡导长期发展观，以推进经济社会发展的持续平衡性。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of local (city-level) sustainable development (LSD) is explored against the backdrop of urban dynamics and the international discussions on sustainable development. Urban metabolism is a key concept used in the analysis. Overall, sustainable urban development is seen to have an internal dimension and an external dimension, even though urban jurisdictions may be restricted to the former. Sustainable cities (SCs) and policies for LSD are discussed conceptually and in terms of their operational use, with a focus on urban policies in developing and emerging countries. Examples are given of SCs in China. Cities with strategies related especially to climate change are considered separately and analysed in terms of developed-developing, adaptation or mitigation focus. Again, examples of especially 'low-carbon' cities in China are presented. From these elements, this paper extracts some elements of a (social science) research agenda in urban environmental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the acceleration of urbanization, the mass rail transit (MRT) is developing rapidly in China. However, some unsustainable problems are brought to many metropolitan governments, such as the expensive costs of MRT construction and operation, the incompatibility between MRT and its surrounding land use, the difficulty of MRT sharing the benefits brought by itself, etc. Therefore, for the sustainability of MRT, this research presents a transit oriented development (TOD) planning model of China. The paper put forward the objective functions and constraints of China TOD (CTOD) model and designed the algorithm of this multiobjective optimal problem. The problem is divided into two phases and parallel genetic algorithm is adopted. By these methods, the Pareto optimization solution set is searched so that it can offer some alternative land-use schemes. Taking the example of Dan Zhutou station of Shenzhen metro third line constructing, the land-use schemes in walking available scope of MRT station are designed considering MRT sustainability. The optimization results are alternative schemes of land-use type and land-use density in planned region, so that the land use can ensure the sustainable development of MRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid economic globalization presents major challenges to the sustainable development of ‘development zones’ in many countries. Development zones in China evolved from the concept of Export Processing Zones (EPZs) in the western world. After China’s accession to the World Trade Organisation, however, they have lost their special preferential status to the overseas investors in terms of promotion of industrialization and inward investment. With the changing global and national circumstances, spatial, economic and social transformations are taking place in these development zones. Given the vast number of development zones in China, the successful integration of these development zones into the regional and urban contexts will have great implications on the economic and social development of China. Based upon a case study of Guangzhou Development District (GDD) which is one of the earliest development zones of China, this paper examines the evolution of development zones in the mainland with particular reference to the development problems associated with their urbanisation in recent years. Although this paper primarily focuses on GDD, the findings and discussion will provide insights for other development zones of China in reviewing their development strategies as most of them are sharing similar development problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

There is a large amount of population moved from countryside to cities in China during its urbanization in the past two decades. The majority of these people have no formal qualifications for city residency, and they are so-called ‘floating population’. The increase of this group of people has induced the pressure of land use in cities, and the contradiction between the demand and the supply of urban land has been intensifying particularly in those developed regions in China. This paper examines the impacts of floating population on urban land by presenting the interrelations between floating population and urban land expansion from the perspective of production land and living land. Structural equation model (SEM) is employed in conducting the analysis. The result shows that the floating population alone does not have direct effect on urban land expansion, but have indirect impacts through engaging in the production or living process. It is particularly interesting that floating people's living conditions have no direct positive effect on the increase of construction land. Based on the research results, suggestions are offered for improvements in government policy towards a more sustainable and integrated urbanization, including the provision of housing support, the formation of more urbanized society and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's rapid urbanisation in the past 30 years has been a prominent issue in the world. However, few studies elaborate on the rapid spatial urbanisation from the perspective of local decision makers (in particular the Secretaries of Municipal Party Committees-the SMPCs). Local governors are always seeking promotions as they are in a competitive bureaucratic hierarchy. This research is, therefore, intended to explain the local decision-making driving force of spatial urbanisation by analysing the interaction between local decision maker's tenures and urban expansion. Based on the panel data of all 286 prefecture-level cities nationwide from 2000 to 2014, Stata 14.0 was applied to implement regression analysis. Research findings show that SMPCs have, in general, great incentives for promoting rapid urban development. Additionally, SMPCs who are transferred from other municipalities implement more rapid and larger-scale urban development than those who are locally promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on land use planning topics, including "Historical Amnesia: New Urbanism and the City of Tomorrow," "More Than Sector Theory: Homer Hoyt's Contributions to Planning Knowledge" and "Methodology for the Survival Analysis of Urban Building Stocks."

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