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Underwater optical wireless communications (UOWCs) are promising and potential wireless carriers to envisage underwater phenomenal activities for various applications towards the futuristic 5G and beyond (5GB) wireless systems. The main challenges to deploy underwater applications are the physicochemical properties and strong turbulence channel conditions. In this regard, the end-to-end (E2E) performance analysis of a dual-hop mixed FSO/UVLC system under the intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) technique in consideration of pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) scheme is investigated. Throughout this study, to tackle the issues of moderate-to-strong turbulence channel conditions, this work deploys the Gamma-Gamma (GG) distribution fading model and the links are designed by unifying plane wave models in the corresponding links, respectively. This investigation outperforms higher achievable data rate with minimal delay response and enhance network connectivity in real-time monitoring scenarios as compared with the traditional underwater wireless communication technologies. In more contrast, the probability distribution function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF), and closed-form expression of the system are derived and presented in terms of Meijer-G function as well as Extended Generalized Bivariate Meijer-G Function (EGBMGF). The significant E2E performance metrics are obtained by employing the decode-and-forward (DF) relay protocol in hostile channel conditions. In aggregating this work, we combine the analytical expressions that present an efficient tool to depict the impact of channel parameters on the system. The simulation results are plausible of the system performance metrics as average BER (ABER) and outage probability $(P_{out})$ in the presence of pointing and without pointing error events. Finally, in this work, we use the Monte-Carlo approach for the best fitting curves and validate the numerical expression yields simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-Conventional media viz. underground and underwater based wireless sensor networks witness many applications such as habitat, mining, pipeline monitoring, etc. In this paper, the concept of a 3-Dimensional (3D) multi-layer transceiver coil structure is proposed. The performance is analyzed in terms of power received and the maximum achievable communication range. The effect of three N-Conv media, viz. seawater, freshwater, and dry soil is investigated for each transceiver coil configuration. Additionally, a 3D multi-layer coil-based Magnetic Induction waveguide structure is incorporated to improve the communication range, which enhances the straight-line communication coverage. Delaunay triangulation and centroid methods are used for optimal relay coil placement. Besides, the 3D-waveguides are deployed in a tree-based topology which provides broad-view communication coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a resource allocation and data gathering scenario of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted wireless powered sensor network is investigated, in which the sensor nodes (SNs) are remotely powered by power beacons (PBs) via radio-frequency wireless power transmission (RF-WPT). A time-block structure with two phases is proposed to accommodate operations in the proposed system. During Phase-I, SNs harvest energy from PBs and periodically send its sensed data to the selected cluster heads (CHs). In Phase-II, an UAV collects the data from CHs to be delivered to the data sink for further processing avoiding the need for long range transmission and multi hop communication to the data sink. Then, a closed-form expression for outage probability of the proposed system over Rayleigh and Rician fading channels is derived. Next, outage probability minimization problem is formulated to obtain optimal time allocation for RF-WPT energy harvesting to improve the system performance. Due to the complexity of the problem, Lagrangian duality method is used to develop an asymptotic optimal solution with less execution complexity avoiding complex brute force/ exhaustive search approach. Furthermore, a heuristic method is presented to further lower the computation complexity. Simulation results reveal the superiority of the proposed methods compare to brute force/ exhaustive search approach via analysis, comparison and insights of the system performance results. Finally, the performance superiority of the proposed system is demonstrated with compare to identified baseline WSNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancements in real-time applications, age of information (AoI) emerges to describe the freshness of data. Here, we investigate AoI performance metric in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) enabled cooperative wireless communication system. We use two SWIPT protocols: time-switching (TS) and power- splitting (PS) at the relay node and compute the AoI performance. SWIPT has a great potential to energize energy constrained communication nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and Internet of Things (IoT) applications while maintaining a high degree of Quality-of-Service (QoS). Finally, we discuss the possible future directions in terms of 5G and beyond (5GB) to realize the integration of SWIPT with the enhancement of industrial IoT together with ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) for future 3GPP releases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the authors present an energy-efficient technique for the fog-networks, where a node can communicate to other users using limited network infrastructure support. The authors' contribution is central to node mobility and lower energy consumption rates. They propose an energy-efficient cellular communication model for fog-networks. To establish the connection between the source and the destination node, the next generation involves node base station imports required information from nearby fog nodes and performs the network management with the help of data analytic units. A system-level optimisation for the energy consumption model is also proposed, which supports a high degree of node mobility. They compared their results with 4G/LTE and observed that the proposed work provides the least energy consumption as compared to the legacy of the networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rapid growth of IoT and other connected devices, developing battery-less and/or self-sustainable devices to enable green communication is crucial. This letter presents a practical simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) scheme based on an $M$ -ary quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation based technique (${MS} $). The proposed scheme employs hybrid constellation shaping system (HCS) to improve the spectral efficiency. We compare ${MS} $ with the traditional power splitting scheme based SWIPT (${PS} $) technique. We demonstrate that our proposed scheme outperforms ${PS} $ in terms of the error rate performance. ${MS} $ scheme is mainly focused on improving the reliability of low powered IoT sensors and it offers better achievable information rate at operating SNR region as compared to that of ${PS} $. Those improvements come at the expense of a slight reduction in the maximum achievable spectral efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract An increment in the number of User Equipment (UE) demands network replanning or introducing incipient devices which can provide dynamic support to the subsisting networks. One of these devices can be the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). However, being prodigiously dynamic and autonomous in some scenarios, these vehicles require an efficient mechanism for their deployment in currently operating wireless networks. In this paper, an efficient approach is proposed which utilizes the properties of the self-healing neural model and the concept of matrix-coloring in order to maximize the UAVs positioning likelihood for optimized throughput coverage and maximum UE to UAV mapping. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated in terms of amelioration in the throughput coverage and mapping of the UAV to subdivisions at low consumption of energy and memory by using numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid emergence of wireless sensor networks (WSN) faces significant challenges due to limited battery life capacity of composing sensor nodes. It is substantial to construct efficient techniques to prolong the battery life of the connected sensors in order to derive their full potential in the future Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. For that purpose, different energy harvesting (EH) schemes are relying on a wide array of sources. Following the same objective, in this work, we have observed a time-switching EH for half-duplex (HD) bidirectional WSN, which performed in-between relaying over Hoyt fading channels. For its comprehensive performance analysis, rapidly converging infinite-series expressions have been provided with focus on the outage probability (OP) and achievable throughput of the hardware-impaired system. Additionally, asymptotic behavior of these performance measures has also been provided. Further, an approach to the symbol-error probability (SEP) analysis is also presented in the context of the observed system. Finally, we consider the shadowing influence along the WSN propagation path. Performance analysis of observed EH system operating over Rician-shadowed fading channels has been carried out, with deriving exact corresponding infinite-series expressions for outage probability (OP) and achievable throughput of the system under the hardware impairment conditions. In addition, bidirectional relaying in a mixed fading environment has been considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a few novel simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) schemes that can be effectively used in various 5G wireless network implementations. First, we study the possibility of integrating distributed energy beamforming with the data rate fairness beamforming in a cooperative communication system with multiple cooperative relays and multiple destination users communicating simultaneously. We show that the system exploits significant performance gain using such a joint energy and data rate fairness beamforming scheme. Further, we propose an enhanced version of the SWIPT scheme, the energy-efficient modulation-based non-orthogonal multiple access (M-NOMA) SWIPT scheme, and observe its system efficiency in terms of more harvested energy. Finally, we consider an energy-harvesting SWIPT scheme where the channel response is estimated using the energy-harvesting signal as pilots superimposed on the information signal. For such a scheme, we compute the optimum transmit power ratio between the pilot and information signals under varying SNR conditions and improve the accuracy of the decoding process at the reception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]