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Couchsurfing is a social-networking site for hospitality exchange. To promote the site, the organizer, Couchsurfing.org, creates the discourse of Couchsurfing cosmopolitanism to emphasize the value of sharing with strangers and tolerance of cultural difference in Couchsurfing practice. This study argues that the discourse production is under a patriarchal system, in which the experience about women’s fear of men’s harassment and according practice are concealed. By conceptualizing the sexed-and-gendered body in Couchsurfing, this study exposes the power, knowledge and social relation in the cross-cultural context of Couchsurfing, represented not only in women’s feeling, performance and interaction but also in their embodied cosmopolitanism. The comparison between with Western-European and East-Asian women’s experience is also included in the analysis. It highlights the effects of the gender role inscribed on women’s body which makes a difference in women’s cross-cultural interaction as well as their embodied cosmopolitanism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose: The study aimed to develop an evidence-based expert consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of cervical ossification posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL)., Method: Delphi method was used to perform such survey, and the panel members from Asia Pacific Spine Society (APSS) 2020 were invited to answer the open-ended questions in rounds 1 and 2. Then the results were summarized and developed into a Likert-style questionnaire for voting in round 3, and the level of agreement was defined as 80%. In the whole process, we conducted a systematic literature search on evidence for each statement., Results: Cervical OPLL can cause various degrees of neurological symptoms, an it's thought to be more common in Asia population. CT reconstruction is an important imaging examination to assist diagnosis and guide surgical choice. Segmental, continuous, mixed, and focal type is the most widely used classification system. The non-surgical treatment is recommended for patients with no or mild clinical symptoms, or irreversible neurological damage, or failed surgical decompression, or condition cannot tolerant surgery, or refusing surgery. As OPLL may continue to develop gradually, surgical treatment would be considered in their course inevitably. The surgical choice should depend on various conditions, such as involved levels, thickness, and type of OPLL, skill-experiences of surgeons, which are listed and discussed in the article., Conclusion: In this statement, we describe the clinical features, classifications, and diagnostic criteria of cervical OPLL, and review various surgical methods (such as their indications, complications), and provide a guideline on their choice strategy.

The newly defined fern genus Leptochilus contains about 50 species occurring in subtropical to tropical Asia and adjacent Pacific islands. The circumscription and phylogeny of the genus have been ambiguous and its species had been included in various genera such as Colysis, Dendroglossa, Kontumia, Microsorum, and Paraleptochilus. Previous molecular studies sampled only 2-4 molecular markers and 2-16 accessions of Leptochilus. In the present study, DNA sequences of six plastid markers of 105 accessions representing ca. 40 species of Leptochilus, including types of Colysis, Kontumia, Leptochilus, and Paraleptochilus, 39 species of six non-Leptochilus genera of Microsoroideae, and one species of Pyrrosia, are used to infer a phylogeny. Our major results include: (1) Leptochilus is monophyletic and resolved as nested within the microsoroid ferns, but its relationships with other members of Microsoroideae are not well resolved; (2) Six well-supported major clades in Leptochilus are recognized, differing from one another in molecular, morphological, and geographical features; (3) Species related to L. macrophyllus representing earliest split in Leptochilus are identified; (4) The inclusion of Microsorum pteropus in Leptochilus is confirmed, whereas M. insigne is closely related to Leptochilus but not resolved as a member of the genus; (5) The species number of the genus is likely to double the most recent estimate following our study, and quite a few cryptic species should be recognized; and (6) A basal grade formed by three major clades is recovered and they are composed of species almost exclusively distributed at lower latitudes (the Malay Archipelago), whereas the shallow-level clades contain species distributed at mainly higher latitudes, suggesting that Leptochilus might have evolved at lower latitudes and progressively dispersed to and colonized higher latitudes., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)