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The University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) Library began planning for the Fall 2020 semester knowing that COVID-19 and social unrest stemming from police actions across the country would impact library safety for the university community. The goal for reopening was to implement best practices that incorporated University health and safety guidelines as well as student feedback. A task force conducted 12 focus group sessions between June 18–26, 2020, in which 56 university students participated. Students identified physical distancing, personal protective equipment (PPE), and monitoring compliance in the library as primary concerns. The campus libraries made extensive changes to its facilities, access to materials and services, and conduct policies to address these issues. This paper will benefit library leaders and administrators making tough and unprecedented time-sensitive decisions using evidence-based data from stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community organising, an approach aiming at building local leadership and empowering local communities, has become increasingly popular in the last few decades because of the crisis of more traditional practises of civil society building and political action. In this paper, the authors first describe the main tenets of this approach, formalised between the 1930s and the 1940s in Chicago by Saul Alinsky, and its history and evolution to the present day. The following paragraphs describe the role played by religious values and religious communities, often representing key institutions in rundown social and urban contexts, in this approach. In the last paragraph, the authors finally discuss the conception of power implied in the version of community organising proposed by the Industrial Areas Foundation (an organisation created by Alinsky) and its affiliates, and the role of religion in it. With this work, the authors argue that the relational and bottom-up idea of power proposed by the IAF and its affiliates, although often focused on the development of a local power base able to place political pressure on the authorities from below and even economic boycott campaigns, has increasingly also relied on soft power after Alinsky's death, especially because of the development of the 'relational' side of community organising, a process where the involvement of religious congregations (with the weight of their moral authority) has played a major role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's cities are seeking more social equity—a response in part to police violence, pandemic disparities, and the racial wealth gap. Activists, planners, and local government reformers are looking for bold examples of equity planning—single initiatives and multi-faceted equity plans. The mayoral administration of Harold Washington in Chicago (1983–1987) shows how a grassroots electoral campaign combined with participatory policy development produced the Chicago Works Together (CWT) Development Plan—that promoted jobs, neighborhoods, and citizen participation. This article recounts the development of CWT and examines the impacts of CWT for Chicago and equity planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diphthongs have a dynamic formant structure. Nevertheless, many quantitative studies of diphthongs are based on measurements at only two points, somewhere in the nucleus and somewhere in the glide. The question arises as to whether analyses based on values at only two points provide an adequate understanding of the dynamics of diphthongs. Wieling (2018) mentions the analysis of /aɪ/ raising in Chicago English in Hualde, Luchkina & Eager (2017) as one of several examples of recent studies where potentially interesting patterns may have been missed because of limited sampling of formant values, and proposes using Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) to allow a more complete understanding of diphthong dynamics. In this paper, we examine the acoustic nature of the (quasi-)phonemic differentiation between two originally allophonic variants of the diphthong /aɪ/ in the US English of Chicago and the surrounding area. We offer an acoustic analysis based on full formant trajectories of diphthongs with data obtained from a group of 53 speakers. The results of a GAMM analysis are then compared with those obtained in Hualde et al. (2017), which considered values at only two points and from a smaller set of speakers (17). We also discuss the main advantages of GAMM analysis over other techniques that have being proposed for the analysis of differences in vowel formant dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we aim to identify certain social factors that influence, and thus can be used to predict, the occurrence of crimes. The factors under consideration for this analytic are social demographics such as age, sex, poverty, etc., train ridership, traffic density and the number of business licenses per community area in Chicago, IL. A factor will be considered pertinent if there is high correlation between it and the number of crimes of a particular type in that community area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the author comments on the papers presented at the 2007 Association of American Geographers (AAG) sessions in Chicago, Illinois. He says that themes include exurbia and amenity, greater associations of work at spatial scales, and amenity migration. He tackles author Peter Walker's typology of exurbia as a spatially moving target. He explores the papers tackling the importance of geographic scales in amenity migration and exurban growth research.

The article offers information on several conferences on architecture and computational design to be held in the year 2009 including eCAADe 2009 to be held in Istanbul, Turkey from September 16-19, ACADIA 2009 to be held in Chicago, Illinois from October 22-25, and SiGraDi 2009 to be held in Sao Paulo, Brazil from November 16-18.

The article highlights the 2006 American Society of Engineering Education-Engineering Economy Division business meeting held in Chicago, Illinois on June 19, 2006. A list of persons who attended the meeting including Kate Abel of Stevens Institute of Technology and Kevin Dahm of Rowan University is given. The program report included the acceptance of eighteen abstracts as well as a discussion of the procedure for determining the winner of the Best Paper Award.

The four contributions in this special issue on Argumentation Through Languages and Cultures deals with clear cases of such argumentative situations as they develop in different cultures and language groups. One of these papers comes from the Inuit oral culture; three papers from written cultures, Chinese, Muslim and Indian cultures. Among written cultures, the Indian and Muslim cultures have developed sophisticated theories of argument, while the Chinese culture, according to Graham (Disputers of the Tao—Philosophical argument in Ancient China, Open Court, Chicago, 1989, p. 169), combined "a sense of rigorous proof with the indifference to logical forms". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's purpose is to share theoretical and practical guidance with public administration scholars, teachers, and practitioners interested in fostering empathy and compassion in the public arena. This paper proposes that Jane Addams's interchangeable concepts of sympathetic understanding and affectionate interpretation, along with her care-centered approach to administration, offer a fruitful place to begin this work. It is this paper's contention that Addams's theory and practice of empathy provide significant insight into the task of constructing a more relational public administration. This paper will first travel back to Addams's Chicago to examine her ideas on empathy and how they came to inform her care-centered, relational approach to leading and administering, and then we will make the return trip to the present to argue for a care-centered relational public administration that embraces others with "affectionate interpretation." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the Chicago sociologist William F. Ogburn's (1886–1959) views about technological unemployment, which were intimately connected to his analysis of the social impacts of technological developments and resulting social problems due to cultural lag. We trace the development of his views as seen through his well‐known 1922 book, Social Change with Respect to Culture and Original Nature, his important contributions to the President's Research Committee on Social Trends (1933), and his lesser‐known pamphlets designed for a broader audience—Living with Machines (1933), You and Machines (1934), and Machines and Tomorrow's World (1938). He used these pamphlets to educate the public about the dangers of new machines and technological unemployment. In doing so, he drew upon sociological analysis in his professional scholarly writings and his long‐standing personal interests in social betterment and social reform. Our analysis also calls into question the adequacy of existing scholarship on Ogburn that has emphasized his commitment to a statistical, dispassionate, and "objectivist" approach to social science research. We call for a revised, richer, and more complex view of Ogburn's work and legacy as one of the nation's leading social scientists during the first half of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While scale is an essential factor in discussions about sustainable cities, there is no common understanding of what scale is or how it should be measured. This paper sheds light on the issue of scale by suggesting how it might be measured and evaluated. My purpose is to offer both a methodological and empirical contribution to the understanding of scale, using Chicago as a case study. Using historical Sanborn maps, I first investigate scale change over time, focusing on a selection of 31 sites that are now "mega-developments" but were originally composed of small-scale buildings and blocks. I quantify that the historical urban fabric had five times as many buildings, and a much higher percentage of buildings with mixed use. I then look at the city as a whole and compare urban scale to pedestrian quality to assess whether there is a quantifiable difference between large- and small-scale urbanism. I find that, at least for Chicago, small scale urbanism is associated with higher pedestrian quality. For the third part of the analysis, I correlate scale and socio-economic characteristics at the census tract level. The results illuminate a mixed set of differences between scale and socio-economic characteristics like income and housing value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The American Burn Association (ABA) hosted a Burn Care Strategic Quality Summit (SQS) in an ongoing effort to advance the quality of burn care. The goals of the SQS were to discuss and describe characteristics of quality burn care, identify goals for advancing burn care, and develop a roadmap to guide future endeavors while integrating current ABA quality programs. Forty multidisciplinary members attended the two-day event. Prior to the event, they participated in a pre-meeting webinar, reviewed relevant literature, and contemplated statements regarding their vision for improving burn care. At the in-person, professionally facilitated Summit in Chicago, Illinois, in June 2022, participants discussed various elements of quality burn care and shared ideas on future initiatives to advance burn care through small and large group interactive activities. Key outcomes of the SQS included burn-related definitions of quality care, avenues for integration of current ABA quality programs, goals for advancing quality efforts in burn care, and work streams with tasks for a roadmap to guide future burn care quality-related endeavors. Work streams included roadmap development, data strategy, quality program integration, and partners and stakeholders. This paper summarizes the goals and outcomes of the SQS and describes the status of established ABA quality programs as a launching point for futurework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the two Major League Baseball stadia in Chicago, Wrigley Field and Guaranteed Rate Field (GRF) on stadium vicinity crime to assess changes in crime pattern on game day. This study compares the impact of stadia location on crime while employing an analysis on radii and concentric bands around baseball stadia in Chicago. An analysis of the influences of factors on crime counts within a 3-km radius of baseball stadia in Chicago from 2015 to 2017. The analysis suggested significant differences in crime pattern due to the presence of baseball stadia; more crime closer to Wrigley, in general, but more crime in the further areas of interest near GRF. : The findings demonstrate how venues may influence crime patterns in a city including evidence of a displacement effect of crime further away from GRF while crime clusters closer around Wrigley Field. This shows the need for different policing, crowd, risk, and communication strategies for different venues within the same city. Furthermore, the study confirms the importance of considering the impact of sporting events beyond the immediate vicinity of the venue property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological model, this article focuses on the multidimensionality of radicalization and its relationship with community culture by observing the problem of social isolation. In this framework, sports provide contexts in which forms of social collaboration are necessary, the “rules of the game” must be embraced, and there is close interaction among fellow players. These characteristics can turn organized sports into observatories on (potential) juvenile radicalization through identifying “early warning signals” that are mainly detected by observing those conducts that may reveal a potential risk. In the provided extensive literature review, it comes that these signs can be traced, for instance, in the lack of self-esteem, in the absence of significant bonds, in the intolerance towards values, as well as in extreme introverted behaviour of the young subjects. Alongside such premises, this paper aims to understand whether and to what extent it is possible to hypothesize the shaping of strategies able to prevent radicalization in various contexts. Alongside such premises, this paper is aimed at understanding whether, and to what extent, it is possible to hypothesize the shaping of strategies able to avert radicalisation in various contexts, prevention based on the idea that the interaction between the individual and the environment—in the sense provided by the Chicago School—is heavily influenced by the progressive adaptation of human organism to its surrounding environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines paradoxes and ambiguities in the interactions of Polish immigrant women with American institutions in early twentieth-century and interwar Chicago. I argue that these interactions were far more multi-faceted than described by William Thomas and Florian Znaniecki in The Polish Peasant in Europe and America. Although American institutions did intervene within the Polish immigrant family, proposing "American" solutions to issues pervading immigrant family life, Polish women often requested these interventions in order to achieve individual goals or solutions they deemed best for their families and marriages. However, as this paper examines, assistance from American institutions did at times require adherence to disciplining and normative narratives and behaviors and adoption of certain new family, gender, and sexuality norms. The case study in this paper is the Northwestern University Settlement, established within the largest Polish community in Chicago in 1891, which cooperated extensively with the city's municipal courts, police, and various voluntary associations. This paper analyzes three types of case histories—those of mistreated wives, "wayward" daughters, and out-of-wedlock mothers—with a particular focus on gendered and family-related norms as well as the relations between Polonia mothers and daughters as showcased in their interactions with American private and public institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak has impacted urban transportation mobility throughout the world. In this paper, we investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the urban mobility network's structural characteristics. We contribute to the literature by discussing how various community areas in the city traffic network are impacted by the pandemic. We analyze a large dataset on urban mobility from the city of Chicago and derive various insights. Our analysis of the mobility network structure is important because a better understanding of such networks can help control the spread of the disease by reducing interactions among individuals. We find that the pandemic significantly impacted the structure of the mobility network of taxis in Chicago. Our study reveals some important pointers for policymakers that could potentially aid in developing urban transportation policies during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out to complicate the principle claims of the environmental risk and "anticipatory geography" literature. Typically, this literature employs a Foucauldian and non-representational arsenal in order to illustrate the ways in which the specter of future risk is folded into the present and mobilized by those in power to justify regressive politics. In contrast, a profile on the Chicago Anti-Eviction Campaign (CAEC) and its strategies of legal postponement and commoning is deployed to illustrate how future risk can be used to jumpstart a collective and emancipatory political project. Going further, this paper claims that the CAEC's radical politics is propelled into motion not only by folding the future into the present but by dialectically conceptualizing both time and space. In closing, it will suggest that this dialectical praxis points toward an ontological politics that poses a challenge to liberal notions of subjectivity and equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What do art and community spaces look like when no one can use them to gather? Academic research into neighbourhoods and urban art scenes have focused on the power of such spaces to bring people together. Using the framework of Oldenburg’s notion of ‘third places’, sociologists have recognized the importance of places like art galleries, bars, restaurants, coffee shops, and anywhere else people gather in providing a physical site of orientation outside work and the home for people to be together and communities to amalgamate. While there have always been critiques of such places and their role in urban space, e.g. their part in gentrification and potential displacement, positive accounts of their role in neighbourhood life have typically focused on their ability to draw people together, so a situation like the current pandemic – when such gatherings are forestalled – raises an obvious question about their current utility. Using two case studies on the South Side of Chicago, this paper leverages interview data with merchants involved with socially engaged commercial spaces to examine some of the ways that community spaces in Chicago shifted in light of the pandemic. The article concludes with policy and theoretical considerations based on these case studies, extrapolating lessons beyond the South Side of Chicago. Specifically, it suggests that in addition to offering limited versions of their traditional facilitation of physical co-presence, art and community third places can also leverage their importance in social networks to help distribute information and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classic models of urban inequality acknowledge the importance of politics for resource distribution and service provision. Yet, contemporary studies of spatial inequality rarely measure politics directly. In this paper, we introduce political dynasties as a way of integrating political economy approaches with ecological theory to better understand the political construction of urban spatial inequality. To do so, we examine the case of political dynasties within the Chicago city council. We show that, from 2011 to 2018, blocks in dynastic wards saw fewer homicides, assaults, robberies, and thefts relative to those in non-dynastic wards. We then leverage the 2015 ward redistricting to provide evidence that dynastic effects play some role in producing these outcomes: blocks annexed into dynastic wards experienced a decline in assaults and robberies and an increase in pothole coverings. While dynastic politicians improve outcomes for blocks they annex, they also withdraw power from those they displace; and displaced blocks had relatively higher levels of crime than annexed blocks in 2015. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that dynastic politicians are contributing to spatial inequalities within Chicago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community-partnered participatory research (CPPR) is a research approach that supports equitable collaboration of community and academic co-leaders in research and policy. Despite CPPR's 25-year history, infrastructure supporting community members in bidirectional learning has not been formalized. Objective: This paper describes processes and procedures using CPPR to plan conferences to develop community leadership training infrastructure. Methods: We utilized rapid ethnographic analysis to examine conference planning processes for community leadership in CPPR. Community and academic leaders in Los Angeles, New Orleans, and Chicago met weekly over two months to plan, given COVID-19, three Zoom conferences on a leadership training institute for CPPR, with planning for (1) community co-leadership in research and policy; (2) local and national CPPR programs; and (3) models for bidirectional training. Results: The planning process emphasized bidirectional learning for community and academic members for research and services/policy to benefit communities, within a Community Leadership Institute for Equity (C-LIFE) to promote equity and power sharing for community leaders. The planning process identified major themes of framing of C-LIFE conference planning goals, developing the conference structure, promoting equity and diversity, envisioning the future of CPPR, challenges, collaborations, future curriculum ideas for C-LIFE, evaluation and next-steps for Zoom conferences in November 2020. Conclusions: It was feasible to use CPPR to plan Zoom conferences to promote community leadership training across multiple sites. Key planning themes included promoting equity, addressing structural racism, bidirectional learning and integrating community, academic, and policy priorities with community co-leaders as change agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy prices are booming to high levels with the ongoing global events and massive energy demand post-COVID, triggering panic among-st the general public. In this regard, energy demand management can play an important role here by letting both the entities (utility and customer) take control over the consumption pattern long enough until renewables take over the energy supply from the conventional resources using real-time device scheduling algorithms. To achieve this phenomenon, both participating entities need proper prioritization and their interests to be properly taken care of. In this paper sensitivity analysis of varying priorities to the objectives (customer cost and peak-to-average power ratio) representing both the entities has been carried out. A real-time device scheduling algorithm is implemented to improve the consumption pattern of appliances consisting of multiple objectives. Proper way of normalization is developed to retain the original essence of these objectives. The analysis embeds novel swap operations that are incorporated with standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) and its variants under varying pricing schemes. In order to demonstrate the proposed DR-based real-time optimization, a residence in Chicago, Illinois, USA is taken as a case study for this work. The results demonstrate the quickness and proper optimizations of the PSO variants with butterfly-PSO performing the best among-st the rest. Continuous real-time pricing obtained the best solution with apt quickness among-st its counterparts for each time-slot and for cumulative time of the day. An overall reduction in each entity's metrics is obtained in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) committee was established in 2017 within the Department of Pediatrics at Rush University Medical Center (RUMC), an academic medical health center located on the near west side of Chicago, IL. Results from climate surveys highlighted the need for increased DEI initiatives within the department, and a renewed national reckoning on racial tensions sparked an additional sense of urgency for system-level change. This paper outlines the initial creation and ongoing efforts of the DEI committee. Information related to the structure of our committee, aims of our work, progress toward identified goals, as well as ongoing barriers is provided. Academic medical health centers are tasked not only with working and training together, but also to care for a diverse group of patients within a larger community. As such, academic medical health centers represent a unique backdrop and opportunity for individual and system-level change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crimes tend to concentrate in high-risk places known as crime hotspots. While the size and locations of such hotspots vary between different types of crime as would the underlying conditions that trigger each crime, the extent of overlaps between their hotspots is understudied. Using crime data from Chicago aggregated at the community-area and the census-tract levels, this paper investigates the patterns of overlapping hotspots between different crime types to see whether a specific group of crime types regularly form a joint cluster. Specifically, we identify statistically significant hotspots for each crime and, using the frequent-pattern-growth algorithm, analyse the frequency of each combination of crimes sharing their hotspot locations across the study area. Results suggest that crime hotspots form stable multi-layered colocations and that each area holds its subset: namely, the pervasive, primary colocations consisting of assault, battery and criminal damage to property, which are frequently joined by 7 additional (e.g. street robbery, motor vehicle theft, weapons violation) crimes to comprise secondary colocations, some of which evolving to an even larger, tertiary colocation of hotspots with up to 11 additional crime types (e.g. homicide, criminal sexual assault, narcotics) to form crime-riddled neighbourhoods. This multi-layered structure of colocations as well as the crime colocation diagrams that show the most representative crimes at each colocation size would improve our understanding of the association between different crime types and the crime indicators of other crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents assorted material including information about the publication's search for a new editor to replace Campbell Harvey, a call for papers to be presented at the American Finance Association's 2012 annual meeting in Chicago, Illinois on January 6-8, and style instructions for persons submitting manuscripts.

The U.S. newspaper industry is in deep crisis and the state of the two titles in America’s greatest newspaper city, Chicago, is a case in point. In the city that spawned The Front Page, the iconic play and movie about 20th century journalism, both the Tribune and the Sun-Times are coping with the twin problems of falling advertising revenue and falling sales. Bill Hagerty, BJR’s editor, visits the city and meets the papers’ two editors to discuss their problems. In spite of the gloom, he discovers that they remain optimistic about the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the symposium, "Infant Mouse and Rat Ultrasonic Vocalizations" that was held on June 27th, 2003 at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Behavior Genetics Association in Chicago, Illinois. To accomplish integration, each author submitted an initial draft and the set of those drafts was sent to each author who was encouraged to refer to other papers in the issue when those works were relevant to his or her own. Thus, the reader will notice that in many cases, authors "speak to each other" in their papers. In the first paper, Mathias Kölliker sets the stage for discussions of rodent ultrasonic calls and parental responses by placing the interactions among parents and offspring in an evolutionary context.

Research shows that gender norms play a notable role in pregnancy prevention, often placing responsibility on females and allowing some males to pursue sexual encounters without considering the consequences of unprotected sex. This paper examines gender differences in attitudes and behaviors related to condom use and birth control among adolescents using survey, focus group, and interview data gathered from the evaluation of Chicago Healthy Adolescents and Teens (CHAT), a comprehensive sexual health education program implemented with adolescents in Chicago Public High Schools. Results indicate that safe sex attitudes and behaviors differ between male and female adolescents, specifically those related to condoms and birth control. Our findings suggest that (i) females have higher knowledge and presumed responsibility for pregnancy prevention, (ii) infrequent condom use among adolescents prioritizes male pleasure over female health needs, and (iii) social norms discourage females, but not males, from accessing and using birth control. We use the Theory of Gender and Power to show how our findings reflect gender dynamics within the United States and explain the potential health implications for adolescent sexual health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While located at the University of Chicago, the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics advanced a distinctive "Cowles Commission approach" to macroeconomic modelling, using maximum likelihood methods to estimate structurally-identified Keynesian simultaneous-equations models, with the methods presented in two Cowles monographs edited or co-edited by Tjalling Koopmans, a pioneering implementation in another Cowles monograph by Lawrence Klein, and a polemical contrast with the earlier NBER approach in Koopmans's "Measurement Without Theory" critique of Arthur Burns and Wesley Mitchell. The Cowles approach to empirical methodology was vigorously contested at the University of Chicago by Milton Friedman (a former student of Burns and Mitchell), notably in Cowles seminars, in a defence of "Wesley Mitchell as an Economic Theorist" and at a 1949 NBER conference on business cycles. This paper examines the two contrasting approaches to empirical economics at the University of Chicago in the late 1940s and early 1950s, at the confrontations and exchanges between the two approaches, which contributed to the 1955 move of Cowles from Chicago to Yale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses how a pair of nineteenth century commodity exchanges—in Chicago and New Orleans—shaped the sociotechnical infrastructures underlying two key types of market information—price quotations and crop statistics. Specifically, the paper investigates why these exchanges saw divergent outcomes, each successfully developing one information infrastructure but not the other. Prior scholarship has understood infrastructural development as the result of idiosyncratic, social structural alignments in actors' resources and desires. This paper, by contrast, examines how such structural elements interacted with practical resources available to exchanges based on their roles within infrastructures. Findings demonstrate that the exchanges gained influence in proportion to their discretion over an infrastructure's everyday operations and the market routines these enabled. This 'infrastructural power', or lack thereof, interacted with social structural resources in two distinct forms— 'feedback' in New Orleans and 'sacrifice' in Chicago—providing or denying each exchange the ability to shape infrastructures to its advantage. These findings suggest that analysts should pay closer attention to market dynamics as they relate to 'infrastructure in action'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an introduction to the quality health care symposium held at the University of Chicago in November 2001. Importance of emphasizing quality care to control costs; Details on the mechanisms used for measuring quality of care; Details on the paper authored by Doctors Marshall Chin and Naoko Muramatsu.