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This study adopts the revised interpersonal model of metadiscourse to discover whether and to what extent Chinese authors employ a varying amount of Interactional Metadiscourse (IM) in the past decade in English abstracts of economics Research Articles (RAs). The data was drawn from a prestigious economics journal in China to compose a corpus of 289 abstracts. The analysis indicates that Chinese authors harmonize with English counterparts by capitalizing on more hedges, while the amount of boosters unexpectedly maintains at a high level over time, both of which can be attributed to the interaction of Chinese deep-seated cultural leanings and Anglo-American cultural preferences. Consistent with our prediction, attitude markers exhibit no significant difference along the years given the initial parallel with English counterparts. However, there are significant differences of self-mentions in the past decade regardless of English rhetorical conventions, which may be attributed to economical influences in China. With regards to engagement features, they remain relatively underused with no marked difference within the period resulting from the genre-specific factor which confines their use.

As a project construction organization model, whole-process engineering consulting (WPEC) is currently being promoted in China's engineering consulting industry. However, various factors create numerous obstacles that hinder this model's effective promotion and application. One essential task is to deeply analyze the transmission mechanism of the influencing factors in the promotion and application of WPEC, and explore effective pathways for promoting and applying this model. This paper systematically organizes and summarizes 10 primary influencing factors and 38 secondary influencing factors for promoting WPEC. Using the complex network analysis method, a network of influencing factors for promoting WPEC, a network structure, and motif analyses are conducted. The results show that the influencing factors have a complex transmission mechanism, and complex network analysis can reveal the laws of their construction and their causes. This paper provides a systematic basis and theoretical support for the effective formulation of policies related to the promotion and application of WPEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tephritidae family causes damage to fruits in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, with Bactrocera minax Enderlein (Diptera: Tephritidae) widely distributed in China, causing severe economic damage to Chinese citrus. Currently, preventing the rapid spread of B. minax remains an effective strategy to control it as the climate continues to warm in the future. In this context, it is crucial to understand the potential geographic range of B. minax under climate change. We used meta-analysis to assess the survival of Tephritidae insects under temperature stress. We also used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict the suitable regions and migration trajectories of B. minax in China under current and future climatic conditions. Through comprehensive analysis of the experimental data, we found that the survival rate of Tephritidae insects in the suitable temperature range showed an increasing trend with the increase in warming extent. Using the MaxEnt model, we observed that the highly suitable area, as well as the moderately suitable area of B. minax , were expanding in all 3 future climate scenarios, with the distribution moving toward the high latitude region and the coastal region of China. Our results also indicate that temperature and precipitation contribute more to the model in the current year. Combining multiexperiment data, our study demonstrates that the potential distribution of B. minax in China will expand under future climate warming scenarios, and these predictions will provide important information for monitoring B. minax and informing managers in developing control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new gridded spatio-temporal big data fusion method is proposed for the organization and management of cropland big data, which could serve the analysis application of cropland quality evaluation and other analyses of geographic big data. Compared with traditional big data fusion methods, this method maps the spatio-temporal and attribute features of multi-source data to grid cells in order to achieve the structural unity and orderly organization of spatio-temporal big data with format differences, semantic ambiguities, and different coordinate projections. Firstly, this paper constructs a dissected cropland big data fusion model and completes the design of a conceptual model and logic model, constructs a cropland data organization model based on DGGS (discrete global grid system) and Hash coding, and realizes the unified management of vector data, raster data and text data by using multilevel grids. Secondly, this paper researches the evaluation methods of grid-scale adaptability, and generates distributed multilevel grid datasets to meet the needs of cropland area quality evaluation. Finally, typical data such as soil organic matter data, road network data, cropland area data, and statistic data in Da'an County, China, were selected to carry out the experiment. The experiment verifies that the method could not only realize the unified organization and efficient management of cultivated land big data with multimodal characteristics, but also support the evaluation of cropland quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the rising popularity of post-retirement work and its potential benefits for older adults' mental health, this study examined older adults' adaptation ability as a conditional factor for the impact of post-retirement work on depression. Quantitative data from 1433 working older adults and 1433 non-working older adults were analyzed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS to test a moderated regression model with adaptation ability as the moderator. Results showed that older adults with lower adaptation ability demonstrated significantly lower depression if they worked (vs. did not work). Older adults with higher adaptation ability exhibited significantly higher depression if they worked (vs. did not work). These findings were subsequently verified with a robustness check. Overall, post-retirement work did not prevent depression for the entire sample; working only alleviated depression among older adults with limited adaptation ability. Older adults with stronger adaptation ability could better maintain their mental health by staying retired. This study fills a knowledge gap regarding the relationship between post-retirement work and mental health. Implications for aging societies are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant voice research has focused mainly on the conditions under which employees speak up, but we have limited knowledge about how employees speak up. This study examines voice tactics or the various ways in which employees express concerns to or share suggestions with their managers. Based on the notion that voice is a deliberative behavior, we draw upon a cost–benefit framework and propose that voice tactics are influenced by messages' characteristics and managers' stable and temporal characteristics. Specifically, we examine the joint effects of issue importance, perceived managerial openness, and managers' positive mood on employees' public (vs. private) and formal (vs. informal) voice tactics. Across two independent studies, our findings demonstrate that employees tend to use public channels and formal procedures only when three conditions are met simultaneously: (a) the issue is important, (b) managers are perceived as being open to employees' voice, and (c) managers are in a positive mood at the time of voicing. In addition, we found that speaking up via public channels or formal procedures is positively related to the success of voice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city region has emerged as an important form of regional development and governance. However, the dynamics of spatial inequality in city regions are misunderstood. This study examines the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) to determine the spatiotemporal evolution of regional inequality across prefecture-level municipalities from 1990 to 2018. It finds that regional inequality has steadily increased since the 1990s but has declined somewhat in recent years. This is associated with faster growth and higher upward mobility of central regions in the early reform period and increases in the upward mobility of the periphery in recent years. The gradient-distance curve of the Shanghai-centered economy sharpened and then flattened, indicating the polarization of growth in the core regions, followed by the diffusion of development and improved regional integration. However, the core-periphery remains stronger within provinces between provincial capitals and other regions. Despite regional integration and peripheral development, the problem of spatial exclusion and core-periphery structures persists. More attention needs to be given to the core-periphery relationship and the development of peripheral regions to promote regional integration and reduce spatial polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Huashandong W deposit (7.7 Mt @ 0.26% WO3) is a newly discovered Neoproterozoic scheelite-dominated deposit in the world-class Jiangnan tungsten belt, South China. It occurs largely in metasedimentary rocks near the western margin of the Neoproterozoic Jiuling batholith and mainly consists of W-bearing exogreisen, hydrothermal breccias, and quartz veins. Two episodes of Neoproterozoic granite magmatism are identified with zircon U-Pb ages of ca. 830–823 and 807–804 Ma, respectively. According to cross-cutting relationships and mineral assemblages, two periods of hydrothermal alteration and W mineralization, corresponding to the two episodes of granite magmatism, are recognized in the Huashandong deposit. The early period is dominated by greisenization and associated scheelite mineralization whereas the late period is characterized by sericitization, hydrothermal brecciation, quartz veining, and associated scheelite and minor wolframite mineralization. Molybdenite Re-Os dating indicates that the early- and late-period W mineralization took place at ca. 828 and 800 Ma, respectively. Zircon trace element characteristics suggest that the Jiuling granite crystallized from reduced granitic magmas and has the potential for W mineralization. The petrologic and geochemical features of the Jiuling granite, coupled with the zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic signatures and molybdenite Re-Os ages, imply that the Huashandong W deposit is genetically related to two phases of evolved granodiorites in the Jiuling batholith. The magmatic-hydrothermal nature of both metallogenic events is confirmed by H-O isotopes on hydrothermal quartz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female college students are more likely to have a strong stress response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which seriously affects their health and merits greater attention. The present study is a randomized controlled trial carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to explore whether a yoga intervention could have a positive impact on balance and flexibility and be the primary form of home exercise for female college students in China. Forty female college students were randomly selected for the study. After 16 weeks of yoga intervention, the ability of the yoga group to balance on one leg improved by 5.35 seconds (using the single-limb stance test) and 5.7 seconds (using the Romberg test). The flexibility of the lower back and legs increased by 3.5 cm (using the sit and reach test), and the flexibility of the groin and hip increased by 6 cm (using the Splits test). The balance ability and flexibility of the control group before and after the experiment were not significantly different (p>0.05). These results suggest that during the COVID-19 outbreak when access to public facilities was limited, a yoga intervention could have a positive impact on health and be the main form of home exercise for female college students. Schools and government departments could design online yoga classes to encourage individuals to actively participate in yoga to stay healthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acculturation and identity are two significant determinants of the psychological well‐being of migrants, but how they interactively affect psychological well‐being is still underexplored. This study proposes an interactional perspective that links acculturation and urban identity to the psychological well‐being of rural–urban migrants in China. Using data from the 2014 National Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey, the results of multilevel modeling indicate that both acculturation and urban identity significantly affect the psychological well‐being of rural–urban migrants. Migrants who adopt the integration and assimilation strategy show better psychological well‐being than those who adopt the separation and marginalization strategy. Rural–urban migrants who have a stronger sense of urban identity show better psychological well‐being than those with a weaker sense of urban identity. Meanwhile, urban identity and acculturation also interactively affect the psychological well‐being of rural–urban migrants. In particular, urban identity alleviates the negative pressure generated in the process of acculturation for those who adopt the acculturation strategy of separation. In addition, the effect of acculturation and urban identity on the psychological well‐being of rural–urban migrants varies by migration distance. The research contributes to the literature by demonstrating that cultural identity and place identity interactively affect the psychological well‐being of internal migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sedative gastrointestinal endoscopy is extensively used worldwide. An appropriate degree of sedation leads to more acceptability and satisfaction. Artificial intelligence has rapidly developed in the field of digestive endoscopy in recent years and we have constructed a mature computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. This system can identify the remaining parts to be examined in real-time endoscopic procedures, which may help anesthetists use anesthetics properly to keep patients in an appropriate degree of sedation. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the CAD system on anesthesia quality control during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods: We recruited 154 consecutive patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, including 76 patients in the CAD group and 78 in the control group. Anesthetists in the CAD group were able to see the CAD system's indications, while anesthetists in the control group could not. The primary outcomes included emergence time (from examination completion to spontaneous eye opening when doctors called the patients' names), recovery time (from examination completion to achievement of the primary recovery endpoints) and patient satisfaction scores. The secondary outcomes included anesthesia induction time (from sedative administration to successful sedation), procedure time (from scope insertion to scope withdrawal), total dose of propofol, vital signs, etc. This trial was registered in the Primary Registries of the WHO Registry Network, with registration number ChiCTR2100042621. Results: Emergence time in the CAD group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (p < 0.01). The recovery time was also significantly shorter in the CAD group (p < 0.01). Patients in the CAD group were significantly more satisfied with their sedation than those in control group (p < 0.01). Vital signs were stable during the examinations in both groups. Propofol doses during the examinations were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: This CAD system possesses great potential for anesthesia quality control. It can improve patient satisfaction during endoscopic examinations with sedation. Trial registration: ChiCTR2100042621. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acculturation of domestic migrants has rarely been explored. Drawing on the bi-dimensional theory of acculturation, this study examined the strategies and determinants of urban acculturation among rural–urban migrants in China. Using data from a large survey project, we conducted latent class analysis (LCA), K-means clustering analysis, and midpoint scores analysis. Our findings suggested that the acculturation strategies of rural–urban migrants generally conform to Berry's framework, with integration, assimilation, and separation as the dominant patterns. However, we identified a moderate integration pattern, instead of the marginalization pattern, through the application of LCA and K-means clustering analysis. Additionally, the acculturation strategies identified using the three methods exhibited a moderate degree of consistency. Furthermore, socioeconomic status, language usage, cultural differences, and social interaction play a significant role in shaping the acculturation of rural–urban migrants in cities. This study demonstrates that the acculturation of rural–urban migrants in host cities shares certain similarities with that of international migrants. However, it is also important to note the unique characteristics of rural–urban migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most existing studies on shrinking cities focus on identifying and characterizing population contraction at the city scale and lack an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms of population contraction and daily life scenarios at the street scale. To fill this gap, this study employed semi-structured interviews and participant observation to analyze the street vitality and mechanisms of operation of Dongda Street in Rugao County of Jiangsu Province in China. The study found the following. First, the interspersed urban renewal has allowed residents to retain their original lifestyles and time-space routines, and they continue to enact an endogenous street ballet. Second, new residents gradually develop new lifestyles and time-space routines in the streets, showcasing an exogenous street ballet. Third, both groups jointly perform hybrid street ballets in their daily lives through close public interactions. These findings suggest that while Dongda Street is an aging neighborhood, the survival of the original street pattern and old buildings has allowed the neighborhood to retain its historical flavor. Additionally, the moving in of creative industries and merchants injects new vitality into the neighborhood. These findings examine daily street life in the context of population contraction and help break the stereotypes of population contraction. • The interspersed urban renewal has allowed local residents to retain their original endogenous street ballet. • New residents gradually develop time-space routines in the streets, showcasing an exogenous street ballet. • Both groups jointly perform hybrid street ballets in their daily lives through close public interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is taken up by plant roots and translocated via phosphate transporters. Previously, we showed that phosphate transporter OsPHT1;4 in the PHT1 family participates in phosphate acquisition and mobilization; it facilitates the embryo development of Japonica rice Nipponbare. This study investigated the potential of manipulating the expression of OsPHT1;4 to increase Pi acquisition efficiency and crop productivity in rice cv. Wuyunjing 7 (WYJ 7), a cultivar widely grown in Yangtze River Delta of China. The OsPHT1;4 overexpression lines and wild-type WYJ 7 were treated under different Pi conditions in hydroponic and field experiments. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis and the transgenic plants expressing GUS reporter gene indicate strong expression of OsPHT1;4 in roots and leaf collars of cv. WYJ 7. The total P contents in shoots of the OsPHT1;4-overexpressing plants were significantly higher under Pi-deficient hydroponic conditions than the wild type under Pi sufficiency and deficiency. 33Pi uptake and translocation assays confirmed the results. In the field condition, OsPHT1;4 overexpression lines had a higher P concentration in tissues than the wild type control, and the panicle performance of the overexpression lines including the grain yield was improved as well. Taken together, our results show that OsPHT1;4 plays an important role in the acquisition and mobilization of Pi in WYJ 7, especially under Pi deficiency. The study highlights the importance of OsPHT1;4 in improving the agronomic traits of the widely grown rice cultivar in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing population mobility in the context of globalization has greatly reshaped people's cognition and sentiment toward their places of residence. China has witnessed an unprecedented surge in internal migration from rural to urban areas since the mid-1980 s. However, limited by multiple barriers, rural-urban migrants in China face predicaments in establishing a psychological bond with their host cities. This study develops a conceptual framework that links rural-urban migrants' urban experiences and attitudes toward both original and urban lifestyles to their city attachment. Using a nationwide survey and structural equation modeling, this study finds that (1) while willingness of social interaction with urban locals has a positive effect on the urban attachment of rural-urban migrants, perceived social exclusion depresses the urban attachment of rural-urban migrants. (2) Loyalty to one's original lifestyle is not significantly associated with the urban attachment of rural-urban migrants, whereas preference for the urban lifestyle is positively associated with the urban attachment of rural-urban migrants. (3) Willingness of social interaction with urban locals and perceived social exclusion can affect the urban attachment of rural-urban migrants by influencing their attitudes toward the urban lifestyle. (4) perceived social exclusion is positively related to loyalty to the original lifestyle for rural-urban migrants from cities located in northern area of China, while it is negatively related to loyalty to the original lifestyle for rural-urban migrants from cities located in the central and southern areas. Our study broadens the research on the urban attachment of rural-urban migrants and suggests that migrants' experiences in the host society and attitudes toward the lifestyle of the host society are significant in shaping their place attachment to the host society. Furthermore, the process by which rural-urban migrants form meaningful relations with the city can occur through the influence of urban experiences on attitudes toward the urban lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and reliable monthly runoff forecasting plays an important role in making full use of water resources. In recent years, long short-term memory neural networks (LSTM), as a deep learning technology, has been successfully applied in forecasting monthly runoff. However, the hyperparameters of LSTM are predetermined, which has a significant influence on model performance. In this study, given that the decomposition of monthly runoff series may provide a more accurate prediction, as revealed by many previous studies, a hybrid model, namely, VMD-GWO-LSTM, is proposed for monthly runoff forecasting. The proposed hybrid model comprises two main components, namely, variational mode decomposition (VMD) coupled with the gray wolf optimizer (GWO)-based LSTM. First, VMD is utilized to decompose raw monthly runoff series into several subsequences. Second, GWO is implemented to optimize the hyperparameters of the LSTM for each subsequence on the condition that the inputs are determined. Finally, the total output of all subsequences is aggregated as the final forecast result. Four quantitative indices are employed to evaluate the model performance. The proposed model is demonstrated using 73 and 62 years of monthly runoff series data derived from the Xinfengjiang and Guangzhao Reservoirs in China's Pearl River system, respectively. To identify the feasibility and superiority of the proposed model, backpropagation neural networks (BPNN), support vector machine (SVM), LSTM, EMD-LSTM, VMD-LSTM and GWO-LSTM are also utilized for comparison. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid model can yield best forecast accuracy among these models, making it a promising new method for monthly runoff forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After decades of rapid economic growth and massive rural-to-urban migration, rural poverty in China has been largely alleviated. Existing literature has highlighted the crucial role played by non-farm employment in the rural population's escape from poverty. However, despite some engagement in non-farm employment, a huge population in rural China remains poor. Why rural households remain poor in spite of non-farm employment has not been sufficiently explored by scholars. To fill the research gap, this paper explores the underlying mechanisms of poverty among the poor rural population, based on a recent questionnaire survey (n = 2,822) conducted in rural North Jiangsu in China. Our multinomial logistic regression model and OLS regression model show that education is positively associated with the likelihood of engaging in non-farm sectors. Relatively low education attainment of working-age household members (secondary education and below) restricted the earnings from non-farm activities, reducing the likelihood of escaping poverty. Supporting higher education for their children is often a heavy burden for poor non-agricultural rural households, driving them into the poverty trap. The results also show that significant family events, such as severe illness and children's college enrollment, have kept rural households poor, even if some household members have participated in non-farm activities through migration or working in the local non-rural sector. In addition, instead of being looked after, some apparently dependent family members (the elderly) undertake agricultural activities and domestic work to support the out-migration of the labor force in poor rural households to enable household wealth accumulation. The findings suggest that policymakers should implement a series of reforms, especially regarding improvement in health insurance and education and the economic development in the local areas (incl. rural areas and nearby towns) to deal with rural poverty. • Identify features of poor rural households who choose to escape the poverty trap through non-agricultural work. • Education investment may be insufficient for escaping the poverty trap if the education of the household workforce remains low. • Dependent family members at home contribute to improving the discretionary incomes of poor rural households. • Illness and college study prohibite poor rural households from taking non-agricultural work to escape poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC clades dominate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics in China. Both clades have been identified in the men who have sex with men (MSM) population in Guangdong province, raising a serious concern of possible complex recombination events ahead. Here, we report the first case of CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant sampled from a MSM patient in southern China. The genomic structure of this case is a mosaic with some regions resembling the CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC clades. Our phylogenetic analyses show that the two parental lineages of this recombinant virus were mainly found in the MSM population. This case has a different genomic composition compared with other recombinants descended from the same parental clades CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC. Our finding suggests that the MSM populations have become a hotspot for expanding viral diversity through the viral recombination mechanism. Therefore, further epidemiologic surveillance and monitoring should be conducted within the MSM populations to help advance our knowledge of viral transmission mechanisms. Additionally, these measures will serve to enhance the control and prevention of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor developed in China, chidamide has been applied for the treatment of refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and multiple solid tumors, including lung cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well elucidated. In our present study, we found that chidamide and radiation acted synergistically to suppress cell and xenograft growth of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells by inducing cell apoptosis. Moreover, chidamide alone or a combination of chidamide and radiation treatment inhibited cancer cell stemness. miRNA microarray analysis demonstrated that miR-375 was the highest upregulated microRNA (miRNA) in NCI-2170 and NCI-H226 cells treated with chidamide alone or treated with chidamide plus radiation, compared with normal control. Inhibition of miR-375 attenuated the promoting effect of chidamide alone and chidamide plus radiation-induced NCI-2170 and NCI-H226 cell apoptosis and reverted the suppression of cancer stemness caused by chidamide alone or chidamide plus radiation treatment. Moreover, EIF4G3, a scaffold protein in the translation initiation complex, was found to be a direct target of miR-375 based on the luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis. Interestingly, both chidamide alone and chidamide plus radiation treatments suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of EIF4G3. Silence of EIF4G3 also induced cell apoptosis and suppressed tumor growth in NCI-2170 and NCI-H226 cells. These data suggest that chidamide shows a synergistic effect with radiation therapy on lung squamous cell carcinomas by modulating the miR-375-EIF4G3 axis, which may afford an effective strategy to overcome the drug resistance of chidamide in clinical cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article evaluates the residential mobility decisions of rural migrants with a history of living in urban villages in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu province. Many were displaced by its demolition–redevelopment policy (forced movers); some chose to move voluntarily to improve their housing utility (voluntary movers); others decided to stay put in substandard housing (voluntary non-movers). A survey of their current housing conditions revealed that, compared to voluntary non-movers, most forced movers had not become better-off. But the voluntary movers had done much better than both of the other groups, implying that a timely move could have led to their improved housing conditions. However, even voluntary moves proved to have a downside, namely, that voluntary migrants would likely end up living somewhere more remote from coveted facilities and locations of jobs in the inner city. Logistic regression analysis showed how differences in socio-demographic characteristics between voluntary movers and non-movers could explain why some decided to move. For those who decided to stay, the analysis also indicates how the advantages of the current location may compensate for housing deficiencies. These results correspond to the motives migrants expressed in supplementary in-depth interviews: migrants intending to become permanent residents were most likely to move for better housing. The findings also point to structural constraints on residential mobility. For poor migrants without a Jiangsu hukou, moving to better housing was simply not an option. This suggests that further hukou reform is needed if urban redevelopment is not only meant to improve the image of the city but also the migrants' housing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we coin the term "crypto place" to describe an emerging type of virtual place on the blockchain. Using an encrypted monument that was built to memorialize Dr. Wenliang Li, one of the whistleblowers of China's coronavirus outbreak, we extensively investigate three definitive dimensions of crypto place in terms of decentralized location, immutable locales and transaction-based sense of place. We then reflect upon the complicated social implications of blockchain technology much beyond purely serving as an alternative cryptocurrency, and further examine how place information is stored, disseminated, and incentivized on blockchain. Through this paper, we investigate the relevance of blockchain to geography studies and discuss how it may enrich the concept of place in today's data-intensive and decentralized world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nasopharyngeal swab is most suitable for respiratory virus surveillance. • Flu prevalence was high in 2009 and afterwards remained at a low level. • RSV epidemic was notably high in 2014 and became the most predominant virus in 2014–2018. • A high prevalence of HCoV, RSV and HBoV may be related to new strains introduction. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) remain a significant public threat with high morbidity and mortality worldwide; viruses are significant pathogens that cause ARIs. This study was conducted to better understand the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses circulating in southern China. We collected 22,680 respiratory samples from ARI patients in 18 hospitals in southern China during 2009–2018; seven common respiratory viruses including Flu, RSV, PIV, hMPV, ADV, HCoV, and HBoV were screened using in-house real-time PCR. Of all samples, 9760 ARI cases (9760/22680, 43.03%) tested positive for the seven common respiratory viruses. The most detected virus was Flu (14.15%), followed by RSV (10.33%) and PIV (5.43%); Flu-A, PIV3, and HCoV-OC43 were the predominant subtypes. Although most of the viruses were detected in male inpatients, Flu was more likely detected in female outpatients. Flu infection was more likely to cause URTI (upper respiratory tract infection), whereas RSV infection was more likely to cause pneumonia and bronchitis. The prevalence of Flu was particularly high in 2009. The epidemic level was found notably high in 2014–2018 for RSV, in 2016–2018 for PIV, in the summer of 2018 for ADV, in the summer of 2016 and winter of 2018 for HCoV, and in the summer of 2011 and autumn of 2018 for HBoV. The co-detection rate of the seven viruses was 4.70%; RSV, PIV, and Flu were the most commonly co-detected viruses. This work demonstrates the epidemiological characteristics of seven common respiratory viruses in ARI patients in southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The predominant trend has been rapid and unprecedented migration from rural to urban China since the mid-1980s. This dramatic demographic change has profoundly reshaped the migrants' sense of the newly settled place. By examining the perceptual changes that have occurred in this usual context, we attempted to analyze the impact of social connection on the migrants' sense of belonging to the host cities. In order to accomplish this, we conducted an empirical study featuring 12,807 rural-to-urban migrants across eight Chinese cities. We found that their contact with residents who were not related to them was positively linked to the development of a sense of belonging in the host cities, whereas contact with only nonresidents had the opposite effect. In addition, we also observed that one's sense of belonging is mostly fostered by one's direct interaction with a place, but it could be also be indirectly mediated via social contacts. Furthermore, the context of place will affect one's affinity for it. Also, the availability of public services generates positive feelings regarding the new place, whereas large population size has the opposite effect. This study deepened our understanding about migrants' subjective sense place and revealed the inherent complexity in this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The predominant trend has been rapid and unprecedented migration from rural to urban China since the mid-1980s. This dramatic demographic change has profoundly reshaped the migrants' sense of the newly settled place. By examining the perceptual changes that have occurred in this usual context, we attempted to analyze the impact of social connection on the migrants' sense of belonging to the host cities. In order to accomplish this, we conducted an empirical study featuring 12,807 rural-to-urban migrants across eight Chinese cities. We found that their contact with residents who were not related to them was positively linked to the development of a sense of belonging in the host cities, whereas contact with only nonresidents had the opposite effect. In addition, we also observed that one's sense of belonging is mostly fostered by one's direct interaction with a place, but it could be also be indirectly mediated via social contacts. Furthermore, the context of place will affect one's affinity for it. Also, the availability of public services generates positive feelings regarding the new place, whereas large population size has the opposite effect. This study deepened our understanding about migrants' subjective sense place and revealed the inherent complexity in this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon two independent samples from mainland China, we propose and investigate the deterrence function of leadership behavior focused on control. We suggest that controlling leadership, specifically, authoritarian leadership, deters employees' deviance under certain conditions. That is, authoritarian leadership thwarts employees' interpersonal deviance behavior when leaders send clear signals of potential punishments of non-compliance by showing low leader benevolence, and when employees are highly dependent on the leaders for important work resources. Results from two independent studies largely support our key propositions. Overall, these results add to the range of possible impacts that a leader can play in decreasing employee deviance. Theoretical implications and directions for follow-up research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a survey conducted after the reform of the residential registration system (hukou in Chinese), this paper explores housing tenure change among China's rural–urban migrants in a medium-size city. It emphasizes the long-term effect of their initial hukou status which encapsulates the conditions in their place of origin and the social capital these represent. Our study presents two major findings: One, the initial housing tenures of rural migrants differ because their tenure choice reflects their socio-demographic characteristics and their migration record; the latter expresses their moving history as well as their short- and long-term objectives. Two, the current tenure choice of rural migrants is path-dependent—once they choose the initial tenure, they will be more (or less) likely to choose a specific subsequent one, leading ultimately to the current tenure. The national reform of the hukou system is fundamental to the understanding of their housing careers. This reform made it possible to change the hukou obtained at birth to a local one, giving the migrant access to a wide range of facilities and social services. Homeownership became the usual key to unlock these benefits. Migrants who intend to settle permanently at their destination may therefore be expected to purchase a dwelling later in their housing career. Adopting a housing policy that sets migrants on the path to homeownership, allows a city to bind desirable migrants. That path appears to be conditioned by the early steps in the migration experience. Therefore, the local housing policy should be concerned with accommodating the housing needs of newly arriving migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• For respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an annual distribution pattern of 2-year RSV-A dominance followed by a 1-year RSV-B dominance was found in Guangzhou. • In 2011–2016 in south China, prevalent RSV-A genotypes were NA1 and ON1 and the prevalent RSV-B genotype was BA9. • The prevalent RSV-A genotype changed from Chongqing NA1 in 2011 to Hong Kong ON1 in 2014. • The highest RSV epidemic peak occurred in 2015, indicating a possible biennial peak. • The ongoing evolution of RSV-A ON1 and NA1 genotypes indicated high selection pressure. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important pathogens that cause acute respiratory infections in children and immunocompromised adults. This work was conducted to understand the epidemiological and phylogenetic features of RSV in southern China during 2011–2016. A total of 16 024 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients with respiratory infections in 14 hospitals, and screened for RSV and seven other respiratory viruses using real-time PCR. Six hundred and twenty-three RSV-positive samples from 13 hospitals were further analyzed for subtypes. G gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed based on 46 RSV-A and 15 RSV-B strains. RSV was detected in 9.5% of the 16 024 specimens, the highest among the eight respiratory viruses screened. Most of these specimens came from inpatients and children under 3 years of age. The incidence of RSV-A (9.4%) was higher than that of RSV-B (4.4%) in children (<15 years), but not in adults (0.64% vs. 0.58%). A 2-year RSV-A dominance followed by a 1-year RSV-B dominance pattern was found. The co-detection rate of RSV was 25.1%. The main prevalent genotypes were NA1, ON1, and BA9. The prevalent RSV-A genotype in 2011–2012 was NA1, close to Chongqing and Brazil, but a new Hong Kong ON1 genotype was introduced and became the prevalent genotype in Guangzhou in 2014–2015. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis confirmed the ongoing evolution and a high selection pressure of RSV-A and B strains, especially in RSV-A ON1 and NA1 genotypes. This study demonstrated the molecular epidemiological characteristics of RSV in patients with respiratory infections in southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae deserves special concern worldwide. Unlike the epidemiological characteristics reported in other studies, we found that the production of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 5 was the main mechanism for the resistance of Escherichia coli to carbapenems. Methods: All carbapenem-resistant strains were collected from July 2017 to July 2018 of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes was detected using PCR and gene sequencing. Genetic relatedness of the blaNDM-5-positive E. coli strains was determined with PFGE and MLST. Susceptibility profiles were measured with broth microdilution method and E-test strips. Transferability features of blaNDM-5 gene were assessed by conjugation experiments, S1-PFGE, southern blotting and PCR-based replicon typing methods. The genetic structures surrounding blaNDM-5 were acquired by whole genome sequencing and PCR mapping. Results: Among the 28 carbapenem-resistant E. coli strains, 18 (64%) were verified as NDM-5 producers. The 18 blaNDM-5-positive E. coli strains showed high resistance to most antibiotics, but 100% were sensitive to colistin and tigecycline. In addition, the 18 blaNDM-5-positive E. coli strains belonged to eight STs, among which ST167, ST410 and ST101 were found to cause clonal spread in the hospital. Further studies found that the blaNDM-5 gene was located on an IncX3-type plasmid, and all plasmids harbored an IS3000-ΔISAba125-IS5-blaNDM-5-bleMBL-trpF-dsbC-IS26 structure. Conclusion: The clonal spread of blaNDM-5-positive E. coli strains and horizontal dissemination via the pNDM-MGR 194-like plasmids should draw more attention. Appropriate infection control operations should be performed to prevent the further spread of blaNDM-5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The rapid increase of temporary migrants in large Chinese cities has led to the need for a nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to the influx. However, previous investigation into this subject has been undermined by an oversimplification of the concepts and measurements related to settlement intentions and migrants' social network. This study uses a combination of data from a 2013 nationwide survey and multilevel logit regressions to investigate the settlement intentions of 12,807 rural-urban migrants across eight cities in China. It especially focuses on the ways in which social ties between migrants and people in their destination cities shaped their intention to settle there. This study makes an innovative contribution to the literature in three ways. First, it distinguishes between migrants' ties to non-residents (other migrants from the same place of origin), kin residents (local residents who are kin), and non-kin residents (local residents who are not kin). Second, it distinguishes between interactive social ties and supportive social ties. Third, it uses multiple indicators to measure the intention of migrants who decide to permanently settle, as well as hukou transfer and housing ownership. Findings from our analysis indicate that the newly formed intergroup ties of migrants and their existing intragroup ties exert different impacts on their intention to settle. Specifically, migrants' newly formed ties with non-kin residents are positively linked to their settlement intention, while their ties to non-residents are negatively associated with their settlement intention. Our findings also indicate that the social ties of migrants have different effects on the different dimensions of their settlement intention. The social ties of migrants play an important role in their permanent settlement and housing ownership intentions, but their effect on hukou transfer intentions is relatively weak. Additionally, our research discovered that supportive social ties play a more important role than do interactive social ties in shaping migrants' settlement intention. Highlights • Rural migrants who retain kin-based and home-based ties with other migrants in destination cities tend to have a weaker intention to settle in cities. • Rural migrants who maintain kin-based ties with local residents or actively construct social ties with non-kin local residents tend to have a stronger intention to settle in cities. • Compared to interactive social ties, supportive social ties play a more significant role in influencing migrants' settlement intention. • Rural migrants' social ties play different roles in different patterns with regard to settlement intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus in a patient with pneumonia in China. The case highlights possible co-detection of known respiratory viruses. We noted low sensitivity of upper respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2, which could further complicate recognition of the full extent of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the residential mobility of China’s rural–urban migrants in light of evidence from Yangzhou, a medium-sized city in Jiangsu province. To evaluate the effects of forced moves induced by demolition-led redevelopment, these outcomes are compared to those of voluntary moves. The evaluation is specifically concerned with dwelling attributes and location characteristics. Dwelling attributes consist of tenure and housing facilities, while commuting distance, distance to the city centre and the length of a child’s trip to school comprise the location characteristics. Logistic regression of data from a 2012–2013 survey shows that a voluntary relocation and the intention to move prior to notification of intended demolition are likely to result in positive outcomes. The migrants’ relocation strategy involves making a trade-off between better dwelling attributes and a better location. When housing improvement is their major concern, they tend to move to peripheral areas. However, it seems that children’s educational opportunities are being factored into the trade-off. In that case, migrants purchase an apartment in a specific school district or at least move closer to it. For the sake of their children, they relegate other motives to second place. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Drawing from self-concept and implicit leadership theories, we propose a multilevel model to examine whether, why, and when self-sacrificial leadership motivates followers' affiliative and challenging citizenship behaviors in China. Data from 329 full-time employees in 83 work groups provide support for the hypothesized model. Specifically, we demonstrated that self-sacrificial leadership was positively related to followers' relational self-concept constructs of leader identification and leader-based self-esteem, which had differential, downstream implications for followers' two types of citizenship behavior. Whereas leader identification was found to mediate the positive relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and affiliative citizenship behavior only, leader-based self-esteem mediated the positive relationships of self-sacrificial leadership with both affiliative and challenging citizenship behaviors. We further demonstrated individual power distance orientation as a significant cultural contingency in the above mediation relationships, which were found to exist among followers with low rather than high power distance orientations. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the effects of residential relocation on China’s rural–urban migrants’ social networks in light of evidence from Yangzhou, Jiangsu province. Our study contrasts voluntary moves with forced moves driven by demolition-led redevelopment of urban villages. Based on data from a survey conducted between 2012 and 2013, the regression analysis shows that voluntarily relocated migrants are more likely than forced movers to use phone/computer to contact their former neighbours, and communication technology allows them to maintain the frequency of their contact. Furthermore, when moving to a gated neighbourhood, voluntary movers are more likely than forced movers to participate in public activities, to have more contact with new neighbours and thereby to get more help from the residents’ committee and new neighbours. The results suggest that forced moves have negative effects on migrants’ social networks in the neighbourhood and that the demolition-led redevelopment programmes do not promote the migrants’ integration in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study investigates the origins of discrete interpersonal emotions in team-member dyads using two independent samples from an education institute and a telecommunication services company in China. Results across both studies showed that the quality of team members’ dyadic relationships positively relates to interpersonal admiration, sympathy, and envy, and negatively relates to interpersonal contempt. Furthermore, teams’ cooperative goals moderate these dyad-level linkages. The association of relationship quality with interpersonal emotions is particularly pronounced in teams with less cooperative goals but buffered in teams with more cooperative goals. Finally, on the individual level of analysis, envy and contempt are inversely associated with team members’ work performance, objectively measured. These findings provide new insights about key antecedents and crucial moderators in the development of interpersonal emotions in Chinese work teams and reiterate the relevance of these emotions for tangible performance outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the seriously-polluted water and broken eco-waterscapes in the Qiusuo Brook on campus of China Three Gorges University, this paper proposed the ecological restoration concept and mode of campus river according to field investigation and monitoring results, i.e. "reduce exogenous pollution--restore sediment microorganism--build intensified plant filter strip--build river water ecosystem and optimize landscapes--maintain ecological river course". In addition to introducing the design concept and principle of this mode, this paper specified the concrete projects such as sewage interception and water supplement, restoration of sediment microoiganism, restoration of water plants, ecological restoration of embankment etc., and also gave planar layouts and sketches of some projects, in order to provide references for the researches and practices of campus river ecological restoration in China Three Goiges University and other similar projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leptospirosis is a water-borne and widespread spirochetal zoonosis caused by pathogenic bacteria called leptospires. Human leptospirosis is an important zoonotic infectious disease with frequent outbreaks in recent years in China. Leptospirosis's emergence has been linked to many environmental and ecological drivers of disease transmission. In this paper, we identified the environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with leptospirosis in China, and predict potential risk area of leptospirosis using predictive models.Methods: Leptospirosis incidence data were derived from the database of China's web-based infectious disease reporting system, a national surveillance network maintained by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We built statistical relationship between occurrence of leptospirosis and nine environmental and socioeconomic risk factors using logistic regression model and Maxent model.Results: Both logistic regression model and Maxent model have high performance in predicting the occurrence of leptospirosis, with AUC value of 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. Annual mean temperature (Bio1) and annual total precipitation (Bio12) are two most important variables governing the geographic distribution of leptospirosis in China. The geographic distributions of areas at risk of leptospirosis predicted from both models show high agreement. The risk areas are located mainly in seven provinces of China: Sichuan Province, Chongqing Municipality, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Province, and Hainan Province, where surveillance and control programs are urgently needed. Logistic regression model and Maxent model predicted that 403 and 464 counties are at very high risk of leptospirosis, respectively.Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of socioeconomic and environmental variables and predictive models in identifying risk areas for leptospirosis in China. The values of Geographic Information System and predictive models were demonstrated for investigating the geographic distribution, estimating socioeconomic and environmental risk factors, and enhancing our understanding of leptospirosis in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to provide new insights into the reward-creativity link in the Chinese context by exploring the moderating effect of guanxi human resource management (HRM) practice-reflecting the extent to which HR decisions are influenced by personal relationships in an organization-on the relationship between pay for performance (PFP) and employee creativity. Using two independent samples that were composed of 222 and 216 supervisor-subordinate dyads from Mainland China and Taiwan, we found that the effect of pay for performance on creativity was invariantly moderated by perceived guanxi HRM practice in such a way that when guanxi HRM practice was low, PFP had stronger positive effects on creativity. Furthermore, trust in management, as reduced by guanxi HRM practice, mediated this moderating effect. Moreover, moderated path analysis revealed that intrinsic motivation mediated these moderated relationships among PFP, guanxi HRM practice, trust in management, and creativity. Findings shed light on the processes through which, and the conditions under which, PFP may promote creativity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two stages of fluid exsolution are recognized in the Weijia W skarn deposit. • F-rich magmatic fluids are enriched in REEs, Y, Nb, Ta with flat REE patterns. • F consumption is critical for the compositional evolution of F-rich mineralizing fluids. • Combined garnet and scheelite trace elements are powerful in tracking W skarn mineralization. Fluid evolution is an essential subject in the studies of hydrothermal ore-forming processes. Garnet and scheelite prevail in W-bearing skarn deposits and record plentiful information on W skarn mineralization. In-situ LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses have been carried out on the garnet and scheelite from the F-rich Weijia W deposit in South China to constrain the processes of fluid evolution and W skarn mineralization. The Weijia W deposit mainly consists of calcic and magnesian skarns and was formed through six stages of alteration and mineralization. Two stages of fluid exsolution are recognized in the magmatic-hydrothermal system. The earlier exsolved fluids are Cl-rich with rightward-sloping REE patterns and result in pre-ore skarnization. The later exsolved fluids are F-rich with relatively flat REE patterns and are responsible for W mineralization. The pre-ore garnets are LREE-enriched and HREE-depleted whereas the syn-ore garnets are LREE-depleted and HREE-enriched with lower δ Eu values than the former, denoting a transition from wall rock-controlled to magmatic fluid-dominated fluid-rock interaction. Combined with the skarn occurrences, mineral assemblages, and garnet textures, it is revealed that the mechanism of skarn formation shifts from more diffusive metasomatism under lower water/rock ratios to more advective metasomatism at higher water/rock ratios. The advective metasomatism with a high flux of ore-forming fluids is hydrodynamically favorable for the consequent W mineralization. The earliest-formed scheelite is akin to the host granite porphyry in REE patterns and can reflect the features of initial mineralizing fluids. It has high ΣREE (1255–5059 ppm), Y (616–1416 ppm), Nb (585–2629 ppm), Ta (14–248 ppm), Mn (up to 1977 ppm) and low Mo (mostly < 1000 ppm) contents, indicating that the primary F-rich magmatic fluids are reduced and enriched in REEs, Y, Nb, and Ta. The contents of ΣREE, Y, Nb, and Ta in scheelite are decreasing with the evolution of the F-rich mineralizing fluids. The latest-formed scheelites have distinctly lower ΣREE (2.9–140 ppm), Y (0.01–4.1 ppm), Nb (1.7–77 ppm), and Ta (0.04–0.19 ppm) contents and higher (La/Yb) N ratios and δ Eu values. They show 1:1 positive correlation of Eu N vs. Eu N * and have high Mo (up to 129466 ppm) and low Mn (as low as 3.4 ppm) contents, implying involvement of meteoric waters in the evolved ore-forming fluids and an oxidizing condition. Fluid-rock interaction, mineral precipitation, and fluid mixing largely control the process of fluid evolution. Fluorine consumption due to the formation of fluorite and the other F-rich minerals is vital for the compositional evolution of F-rich mineralizing fluids. The decrease of F concentration in fluids will depress the solubilities of REEs, Y, Nb, and Ta and enhance the LREE/HREE fractionation. Greisenization and skarnization induced the neutralization of the acidic W-bearing fluids and the liberation of Ca from the granite porphyry and carbonate strata and then triggered the scheelite precipitation. The carbonate strata contain abundant Ca and the granite porphyry is poor in Ca, and thus the economic W mineralization dominantly occurs in the skarns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of cooperation and competition, though developed in the West, may be useful to develop and analyze productive teamwork in China. Three hundred and sixty-eight employees from a call center participated in a cooperative teamwork 1-day workshop followed by daily practice. Results support the hypothesis that cooperative teams strengthen relationships, reduce turnover, and improve productivity of individual team members. During the 2-month period, team members increased the number of phones answered by nearly 40%, reduced customer complaints by over 55%, and lowered the turnover by over 20%, while the control call centers had either minor increases or decreases in these measures. These results support that the theory of cooperation and competition can guide the development of effective teams in China and that cooperative teams can improve the performance of individual employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In leadership research, Western leaderships are quite dominant while insufficient attention has been paid to Eastern leaderships, including Chinese leadership. Paternalistic leadership, an indigenous Chinese leadership, is prevalent in Chinese society given that it has been bounded by the cultural tradition. Yet, it is necessary to further explore the divergent influencing mechanisms of paternalistic leadership in Mainland China. The primary objective of this research was to replicate and empirically test a model on paternalistic leadership and in-role/extra-role performance by using trust-in-supervisor as the mediating variable. With the data of 239 supervisor–subordinate dyads collected from a textile firm in Mainland China, we conducted statistic analysis of structural equation modelling, multi-level analysis and so on by applying Amos 5.0 and SPSS 12.0. The results showed that trust-in-supervisor completely mediated the relationship between supervisors' authoritarian leadership and subordinate's in-role/extra-role performance, and trust-in-supervisor completely mediated the relationship between supervisors' moral leadership and subordinate's in-role/extra-role performance, whereas trust did not mediate the relationship between supervisors' benevolent leadership and subordinate's in-role/extra-role performance. Overall, by investigating the influencing mechanisms of the three elements of paternalistic leadership in the Chinese context, the current research not only adds a cultural perspective to paternalistic leadership literature but also advances our knowledge of the underlying psychological processes that paternalistic leadership works. The research confirms that paternalistic leadership is applicable in the context of business organizations in Mainland China. Since prior research has provided little theoretical guidance on the effect of paternalistic leadership on performance, this research contributes to the literature by identifying and examining the social exchange and social identity mechanisms of trust-in-supervisor. It highlights the great significance of trust-in-supervisor in explaining paternalistic leader effectiveness and leader–employee relationships in Mainland China. It explains how the three elements of paternalistic leadership have the differential effects upon subordinate's trust-in-supervisor, and it provides some cultural insights on paternalistic leadership. The results of the current research also shed light on how practicing managers may foster appropriate leadership styles in order to facilitate subordinates' in-role/extra-role performance. The results indicate that moral leadership and benevolence leadership are positively related to trust-in-supervisor, while authoritarian leadership is negatively related to trust-in-supervisor. Hence, supervisors who wish to obtain subordinates' trust and trigger their motivation would better abandon authoritarian leadership and adopt moral leadership and benevolent leadership instead. When subordinates have unsatisfactory in-role performance and extra-role performance, supervisors need to look into the details for the solutions, especially, in the areas of ‘trustworthiness’ and ‘paternalistic leadership’. In addition, human-oriented human resource practice is advocated, and leadership programme could be developed accordingly for business organizations in Mainland China. This research also highlights the fact that further research should be conducted in order to advance our knowledge of paternalistic leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Longitudinal differential settlement of shield-driven tunnel may cause longitudinal bending of the structure, which may further introduce flattening of the tunnel. The flattening of a tunnel as well as the additional internal forces and deformations it causes is seldom studied in the literature. In this paper, analytical solutions are first developed for estimating the additional forces and deformations caused by flattening of a jointed shield-driven tunnel. The effects of tunnel joints, tunnel diameter, lining thickness, ground resistance and original tunnel curvature on the flattening effect of the tunnel are discussed. An application example of a tunnel in Shanghai is adopted to illustrate the flattening of the tunnel. It is found that the flattening effect is significant if the bending radius of tunnel is smaller than 5000m, and that the deformations and internal forces induced by the flattening effect is comparable with those induce by the earth pressure. Thus, if the flattening effect is ignored, the design may be unsafe. It is important to consider the additional internal forces due to tunnel flattening in tunnel design when differential settlements are expected. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

abstract This study identifies the influencing processes that underlie the effect of the three paternalistic leadership dimensions on subordinates' work performance/organizational citizenship behaviours. The results, based on data collected from private firms in China, showed that perceived interactional justice mediated the effects of moral leadership and benevolent leadership on trust-in-supervisor. However, perceived interactional justice did not mediate the relationship between authoritarian leadership and trust-in-supervisor. In addition, trust-in-supervisor was found to be positively associated with work performance and organizational citizenship behaviours. Cultural and practical implications and future research directions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Given the increasing influence and importance of professionals in modern society, this study aims to investigate the influence of organizational commitment and professional commitment on professionals' intention to leave their organizations for professional advancement (ILPA). Design/methodology/approach – A total of 500 members of a large Hong Kong association of computer specialists were drawn randomly from the membership list. E-mails were sent directly to those 500 members through a web-based survey, which is an effective way to collect confidential information and potentially reduced the resistance due to the survey sensitivity. After two follow-ups via e-mail, a total of 265 responses were collected with a response rate of 53 percent. Findings – The study found that organizational affective commitment (OAC) would be more effective for reducing ILPA. For the interactions between different commitment components, there is a substitution effect of professional affective commitment (PAC) and professional continuance component (PCC) toward their impacts on ILPA. Research limitations/implications – The findings would be explained by the self-justification process due to cognitive dissonance on the professional's continuance commitment and his/her affective commitment in an organization. Moreover, there would be a complementary relationship between organizational and professional commitment. Originality/value – This study would answer the question on how to effectively avoid a professional leaving an organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the joint effect of LMX and emotional intelligence (EI) on burnout and work performance. Results based on data collected from 493 leader-member dyads in the call center of a large Chinese telecommunication company indicated that LMX was negatively related to burnout, yet was not significantly related to objective work performance. Moreover, we examined the effects of the four dimensions of EI (self-emotion appraisal, other-emotion appraisal, use of emotion, and regulation of emotion) on burnout and performance, and found that burnout mediated the link between use of emotion and work performance. Results also showed that LMX was associated with burnout and work performance more strongly for service workers with lower levels of self-emotion appraisal. More surprisingly, the link between LMX and work performance was stronger for service workers with higher levels of use of emotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal relationships often influence employees who intervene in an interpersonal conflict between colleagues. We investigate and report the effects of relational orientations (reciprocity orientation and communal orientation) on employee preference of choosing sides between an acquaintance and a friend in a workplace dispute in The Netherlands and China. A scenario study was conducted among 104 Dutch and 105 Chinese employees. As hypothesized, the results indicate that employees, especially Dutch employees, with an interest-concerned reciprocity orientation tend to side with the acquaintance who has a greater potential to return the favour. By contrast, employees, especially Chinese, with a sharing-concerned communal orientation tend to side with their workplace friend. Explanations and implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the dynamic panel data of 14 China banks from 1995 to 2004 ,the paper studies the relationship between the Bank concentration and efficiency. The evidence shows that concentration boosts bank efficiency. Meanwhile, the relationship between the loadable funds and bank efficiency is significantly positive, and the relationship between the total capital, the equate capital and bank efficiency is significantly negative, and the level of significance reduces except the bank concentration. Using the panel var, the paper finds all of the level of significance increase, while the coefficiency of regression decreases, and the net profit is positive to efficiency. Except the deposit funds, other variables are the "statistical " reasons for efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The employee stock ownership plan (ESOP), a capitalist practice, was borrowed for the purpose of rescuing and even consolidating socialist state-owned enterprises during the drive in China to reform ownership. More precisely, ESOP was implemented to bail out failing firms, raise funds, increase work motivation, reduce agency costs, and promote industrial democracy. The findings of a case study of three Chinese state-owned enterprises suggest that some short-term goals were basically achieved, but the accomplishment of the other long-term goals was somewhat problematic. Based on our initial findings, recommendations are put forward for future research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]