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Calcined ginger nuts (CGN)-based grouts are widely utilized in anchoring conservation of unstable earthen sites in the northwest of China. However, the long-term performance of the anchor system, which is dominated by the durability of anchor grouts in the real environment remains unclear. In this study, durability of CGN admixed with fly ash (F) and quartz sand (S) in the real environment were evaluated regarding physical properties (density, surface hardness, water penetration capacity, and permeability), soluble salts content and micro-structure (SEM). Grouts concretions of CGN admixed with F and S were buried at the feet of Ming Great Wall, Gulang County, Gansu Province, China for six years. The results indicate that two decay patterns including extensive crack formations along specimens' edges and micro-cracks and materials losses (granular disintegration) on the surface were captured. Moreover, crust structure, which is inferred as carbonation front was detected on the surface of specimens. The performance of the grouts in the real environment is quite different from that in the laboratory, in particular, specimens of CGN admixed with S singly were already broken due to the crack formation. Long-term performance priority of CGN-based grouts is CGN-FS>CGN-F>CGN-S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural revitalization aims to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation. Furthermore, enhancing the sustainable poverty alleviation ability of farmers in poverty-stricken areas is a critical concern. Using samples of farmers in four regions of the Yunnan province in China, multidimensional poverty and sustainable poverty alleviation ability indexes were constructed. Furthermore, a multidimensional poverty double boundary method (A–F method) was used to identify multidimensional poverty, and binary logistic function in SPSS was used to perform a regression analysis between multidimensional poverty and sustainable poverty alleviation ability. Results showed that as the poverty dimension increased, poverty incidence rate in the four regions decreased, with middle poverty incidence rate being the highest. Ability poverty was then identified as the major type of poverty in the sample, with the group of poor farmers with a high dimension of poverty being the most affected. Therefore, based on the ability structure of sustainable farmers out of poverty, we analyze the prominent problem of the ability construction of sustainable poverty reduction and propose a path for promoting sustainable poverty reduction ability. Hence, we will effectively link poverty alleviation with rural vitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel genus Parametarhizium with two new entomopathogenic species, Parametarhizium changbaiense and Parametarhizium hingganense , was introduced based on their morphological characteristics and a multigene phylogenetic analysis, which were isolated from the forest litters collected in Northeast China. To infer their phylogenetic relationships, a six-gene dataset consisting of DNA fragments of [nuclear small subunit rDNA (SSU) + LSU + TUB + TEF + RPB1 + RPB2] was used for phylogenetic analysis, including 105 related fungi. The new genus Parametarhizium formed a monophyletic clade basal to Metarhizium and its related genera (formerly Metarhizium sensu lato). Parametarhizium can be morphologically distinguished from related genera by the combination of the following characteristics: formation of white to yellow colonies on different media, candelabrum-like arrangement of cylindrical or obpyriform phialides, and small subglobose to ellipsoidal conidia. Both P. hingganense and P. changbaiense exhibited anti-insect activities against three farmland pests Monolepta hieroglyphica , Callosobruchus chinensis , and Rhopalosiphum maidis. This is the first report of entomopathogenic fungi exhibiting the anti-insect activity against Mo. hieroglyphica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Hangzhou Bay faces frequent threats from typhoon-induced storm surge and has attracted considerable attentions of coastal researchers and environmental workers. A three-dimensional storm surge model system based on Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) and analytical cyclone model is applied to investigate the hydrodynamic response in the Hangzhou Bay to tropical typhoon. This model has been used to reproduce the storm surge generated by Typhoon Agnes (No. 8114) and the simulated wind field and water elevations have been compared with the available field observations. A series of numerical experimental cases have been conducted to study the effects of land reclamation project (shoreline relocation and seabed deformation) and cyclonic parameters (minimal central pressure (MCP), radius to maximal wind (RMW) and translation speed (TS)) on the hydrodynamics in the Hangzhou Bay. The results show that the shoreline relocation and seabed deformation could generate much higher storm surge in the vicinity of reclamation project with the shoreline relocation making main contribution (about 70%) to this increase. It is found that among the cyclonic parameters, RMW is the most important factor affecting the peak surge in the Hangzhou Bay. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]