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The purpose of this article is to explore the role of embodied repertories in teaching and learning in a multi-ethnic karate club in East London and its implications for language teaching and learning. We do so through the lens of translanguaging and apply the concept of translanguaging space where diverse semiotic systems are integrated and orchestrated. Through a close examination of how teaching and learning takes place in the karate club, we argue that embodied repertories are central to interactions and pedagogy. The coach manages and instructs the class through orchestration of embodied repertories and verbal instructions. Learning Japanese karate terms becomes part of embodied performance, repeated, copied and polished along with drilling of physical moves, whilst the other available linguistic repertories, Polish and English, become languages of discipline, explanation, elaboration or reinforcement. Such translanguaging practices serve the purpose of the karate club envisaged by the coach and become an effective way of communication amongst the participants from diverse linguistic backgrounds. The notion of translanguaging, in particular, the idea of orchestration, helps to highlight the multiplexity of resources in embodied teaching and learning and overcomes the monolingual and the lingual biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most UK adolescents do not achieve recommended levels of physical activity. Previous studies suggested that perceptions of the neighbourhood environment could contribute to explain differences in physical activity behaviours. We aimed to examine whether five measures of perceptions - perceived bus stop proximity, traffic safety, street connectivity, enjoyment of the neighbourhood for walking/cycling, and personal safety - were longitudinally associated with common forms of physical activity, namely walking to school, walking for leisure, and a composite measure of outdoor physical activity. We further aimed to investigate the moderating role of gender.Methods: We used longitudinal data from the Olympic Regeneration in East London (ORiEL) study, a prospective cohort study. In 2012, 3106 adolescents aged 11 to 12 were recruited from 25 schools in 4 deprived boroughs of East London. Adolescents were followed-up in 2013 and 2014. The final sample includes 2260 adolescents surveyed at three occasions. We estimated logistic regression models using Generalised Estimating Equations to test the plausibility of hypotheses on the nature of the longitudinal associations (general association, cumulative effect, co-varying trajectories), adjusting for potential confounders. Item non-response was handled using multiple imputation.Results: Longitudinal analyses indicate little evidence that perceptions of the neighbourhood are important predictors of younger adolescent physical activity. There was weak evidence that greater perceived proximity to bus stops is associated with a small decrease in the probability of walking for leisure. Results also indicate that poorer perception of personal safety decreases the probability of walking for leisure. There was some indication that better perception of street connectivity is associated with more outdoor physical activity. Finally, we found very little evidence that the associations between perceptions of the neighbourhood and physical activity differed by gender.Conclusions: This study suggests that younger adolescents' perceptions of their neighbourhood environment, and changes in these perceptions, did not consistently predict physical activity in a deprived and ethnically diverse urban population. Future studies should use situation-specific measures of the neighbourhood environment and physical activity to better capture the hypothesised processes and explore the relative roles of the objective environment, parental and adolescents' perceptions in examining differences in types of physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay offers a social history of the labor relations established by the English East India Company at its Blackwall Dockyard in East London from 1615–45. It uses all of the relevant evidence from the company's minute books and printed bylaws and from petitions to the company to assemble a full account of the relationships formed between skilled and unskilled workers, managers, and company officials. Challenging other historians' depictions of early modern dockyards as sites for class confrontation, this essay offers a more agile account of the hierarchies within the yard to suggest how and why the workforce used its considerable power to challenge management and when and why it was successful in doing so. Overall, the essay suggests that the East India Company developed and prioritized a broader social constituency around the dockyard over particular labor lobbies to preempt accusations that it abdicated its social responsibilities. In this way, the company reconciled the competing interests of profit (as a joint stock company with investors) and social responsibility by, to some extent, assuming the social role of its progenitor organizations—the livery company and the borough corporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The East End of London's radical changes in topography and population have made it a rich resource for writers and filmmakers. What did it offer documentary film and wartime propaganda? How do depictions of local life help to construct national community? And how do moving images of the East End in the 1940s preserve places and patterns of behaviour that survived the Blitz but have since disappeared? This article addresses these questions by looking at the filmFires Were Started(1943), shot on location in the East End, but until now, not studied for the local geographies it depicts. Director Humphrey Jennings draws on T. S. Eliot's ‘The Waste Land’ as well as his own poetry to present the story of a city ravaged by the Blitz. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article discusses the historical and geographical contexts of diasporic religious buildings in East London, revealing – contrary both to conventional narratives of immigrant integration, mobility, and succession and to identitarian understandings of belonging – that in such spaces and in the concrete devotional practices enacted in them, markers and boundaries of identity (ritual, spatial, and political) are contested, renegotiated, erased, and rewritten. It draws on a series of case-studies: Fieldgate Street Synagogue in its interrelationship with the East London Mosque; St Antony's Catholic Church in Forest Gate where Hindus and Christians worship together; and the intertwined histories of Methodism and Anglicanism in Bow Road. Exploration of the intersections between ethnicity, religiosity, and class illuminates the ambiguity and instability of identity-formation and expression within East London's diasporic faith spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose: This study examines the extent to which in adolescent positive mental well-being and depressive symptoms vary across ethnic groups, and prospectively examines whether social support is protective against low/poor well-being and depression.Methods: A longitudinal survey of 2426 adolescents from the Olympic Regeneration in East London study measured well-being and depressive symptoms at baseline at ages 11-12 and at follow-up two years later at ages 13-14. Social support was assessed at ages 11-12 years by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, by the level of parental support for school, by the frequency of family activities and by friendship choices. Ethnic differences in well-being and depression in Bangladeshi (N = 337) and Black African (N = 249) adolescents compared to their White UK counterparts (N = 380) were estimated adjusted stepwise for socio-demographic factors and domains of social support.Results: Black African and Bangladeshi adolescents scored significantly higher for well-being than their White UK counterparts. There were no significant ethnic differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Lower levels of social support were prospectively associated with lower well-being and higher rates of depression in all ethnic groups. Adjustment for multiple domains of social support did not account for ethnic differences in well-being.Conclusion: Bangladeshi and Black African adolescents in East London may have a positive mental health advantage over their White UK counterparts though social support did not fully explain this difference. Further investigation of the reasons for lower well-being in the White UK group is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the imbrication of violent white racism and institutional racism as a relatively permanent contradiction in British liberal governance.‪‪ Utilizing fieldwork in East London, I ethnographically discuss how police and local municipal anti-racist failures are produced through tacit racial logics inherent within professional proceduralism and policymaking. Furthermore, the deployment of discourses that re-embed black and minority ethnic people as ambiguous rights-bearing and claim-making subjects implicitly codifies racial order and a white-centric state formation in contemporary Britain. Liberal racialized exceptions to justice are contingent on reproducing British whiteness as emergent from social processes of dis-identification with black suffering and longue durée struggles against racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adverse effects of traffic-related air pollution on children’s respiratory health have been widely reported, but few studies have evaluated the impact of traffic-control policies designed to reduce urban air pollution. We assessed associations between traffic-related air pollutants and respiratory/allergic symptoms amongst 8–9 year-old schoolchildren living within the London Low Emission Zone (LEZ). Information on respiratory/allergic symptoms was obtained using a parent-completed questionnaire and linked to modelled annual air pollutant concentrations based on the residential address of each child, using a multivariable mixed effects logistic regression analysis. Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants was associated with current rhinitis: NOx (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02), NO2 (1.03, 1.00–1.06), PM10 (1.16, 1.04–1.28) and PM2.5 (1.38, 1.08–1.78), all per μg/m3 of pollutant, but not with other respiratory/allergic symptoms. The LEZ did not reduce ambient air pollution levels, or affect the prevalence of respiratory/allergic symptoms over the period studied. These data confirm the previous association between traffic-related air pollutant exposures and symptoms of current rhinitis. Importantly, the London LEZ has not significantly improved air quality within the city, or the respiratory health of the resident population in its first three years of operation. This highlights the need for more robust measures to reduce traffic emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of responsible tourism in the tourism industry is vital, as such the practice aims to reduce negative developmental consequences while promoting positive ones. This research focuses on responsible tourism practices amongst tourism stakeholders in East London, specifically in the accommodation and sub-travel sectors. The primary purpose of the study was to examine whether the stakeholders concerned were embracing the adoption of responsible tourism guidelines, as set out by the South African government in its policy-related documents and identify the challenges experienced. A stratified random sampling technique was used to target the stakeholders, who were divided into four subsectors, namely: bed and breakfasts; guest houses; backpackers; and travel agencies. The semi-structured questionnaire that was used to gather the relevant data from such stakeholders was administered on a face-to-face basis. In addition, the purposive sampling technique was used to target the key informants. Significant statistical differences were observed amongst various stakeholder groups. The key findings from the research revealed that many stakeholders in East London practise responsible tourism in several different ways. However, the study showed that such stakeholders were not aware that their efforts contributed towards responsible tourism. Furthermore, different challenges, including lack of awareness and limited support from the government, were identified as barriers hindering the full implementation of responsible tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital industries cluster known as Silicon Roundabout has been quietly growing in East London since the 1990s. Rebranded Tech City, it is the focus of huge public and government attention. National and local policy makers wish to accelerate the local area's development: such cluster policies are back in vogue as part of a reawakened interest in industrial policy. Surprisingly little is known about Tech City's firms or the wider ecosystem, however, and cluster programmes have a high failure rate. We perform a detailed mixed-methods analysis, combining rich enterprise-level data with semistructured interviews. We track firm and employment growth from 1997 to 2010 and identify several distinctive features: branching from creative to digital content industries; street-level sorting of firms; the importance of local amenities and a lack of conventional cluster actors such as universities or anchor businesses. We also argue that the existing policy mix embodies a number of tensions, and suggest areas for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Uptake of bowel cancer screening is lowest in London, in populations of lower socio-economic status, and in particular ethnic or religious groups.Methods:We report on the evaluation of two interventions to improve uptake in an area including populations of low socio-economic status and considerable ethnic diversity. The interventions were face-to-face health promotion on bowel cancer screening at invitees' general practice and health promotion delivered by telephone only. Nine large general practices in East London were chosen at random to offer face-to-face health promotion, and nine other large practices to offer telephone health promotion, with 24 practices of similar size as comparators. Data at practice level were analysed by Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests and grouped-logistic regression.Results:There were 2034 invitees in the telephone intervention practices, 1852 in the face-to-face intervention practices and 5227 in the comparison practices. Median gFOBt kit uptake in the target population (aged 59-70) was 46.7% in the telephone practices, 43.8% in the face-to-face practices and 39.1% in the comparison practices. Significant improvements in the odds of uptake were observed following telephone intervention in both males (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.20-1.61, P<0.001) and females (OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.29-1.73, P<0.001), while the face-to-face intervention mainly impacted uptake in males (OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.10-1.36), P<0.001) but did not lead to a significant increase in females (OR=1.12, 95% CI=0.96-1.29, P=0.2).Conclusions:Personally delivered health promotion improved uptake of bowel cancer screening in areas of low socio-economic status and high ethnic diversity. The intervention by telephone appears to be the most effective method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the BDS curriculum, dental public health and the importance of social responsibility is clearly emphasised though often in a didactic manner, without practical application. Preventative concepts are taught and relayed to individual patients being treated within a dental school. The impact of oral disease on general health within disadvantaged communities is a problem commonly addressed by healthcare professionals. Part of this responsibility should be shared with and experienced by the next generation of dental practitioners through health education outreach programmes within the undergraduate curriculum. Not only will this benefit recipients within disadvantaged populations such as the homeless, but it will also develop and encourage a philosophy of social responsibility throughout the future careers of undergraduate dental and hygiene/therapy students. To explore the feasibility of achieving this objective, we devised an oral health awareness programme to address the needs of 'hard to reach' homeless people within the communities served by the Community Dental Service of Tower Hamlets, City and Hackney, London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: General population surveys have seldom examined violence as a multidimensional concept and in relation to an array of mental disorders. Methods: Data from the South East London Community Health Study was used to examine the prevalence, overlap and distribution of proximal witnessed, victimised and perpetrated violence and their association with current mental disorders. We further investigated the cumulative effect of lifetime exposure to violence on current mental disorders. Unadjusted and adjusted (for confounders and violence) models were examined. Results: In the last twelve months, 7.4% reported witnessing violence, 6.3% victimisation and 3.2% perpetration of violence. There was a significant overlap across violence types, with some shared correlates across the groups such as being younger and male. Witnessing violence in the past year was associated with current common mental disorders (CMD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Proximal perpetration was associated with current CMD, PTSD symptoms and past 12 months drug use; whereas proximal victimisation was associated with lifetime and past 12 months drug use. Lifetime exposure to two or more types of violence was associated with increased risk for all mental health outcomes, suggesting a cumulative effect. Conclusion: Exposure to violence needs to be examined in a multi-faceted manner: i) as discrete distal and proximal events, which may have distinct patterns of association with mental health and ii) as a concept with different but overlapping dimensions, thus also accounting for possible cumulative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between diet quality and depression in a prospective study of adolescents from varied ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Design: In this prospective cohort study, data were collected at two time points (2001 and 2003) from nearly 3,000 adolescents, aged either 11-12 years or 13-14 years, participating in RELACHS, a study of ethnically diverse and socially deprived young people from East London in the UK. Diet quality was measured from dietary questionnaires, and mental health assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Results: In cross-sectional analyses, we found evidence for an association between an unhealthy diet and mental health problems. Compared to those in the lowest quintile of Unhealthy diet score, those in the highest quintile were more than twice as likely to be symptomatic on the SDQ (OR 2.10, 95 %CI 1.38-3.20) after taking all identified confounders into account. There was also some evidence for a cross-sectional inverse association between a measure of healthy diet and mental health problems. A prospective relationship between the highest quintiles of both Healthy (OR 0.63, 95 %CI 0.38-1.05) and Unhealthy (OR 1.75, 95 %CI 1.00-3.06) diet scores and SDQ scores at follow-up was also evident, but was attenuated by final adjustments for confounders. Conclusion: This study is concordant with previous observational studies in describing relationships between measures of diet quality and mental health problems in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports that executives who run the 2012 London Olympic projects including David Higgins had emphasized that the importance of the Games for Great Britain is not sport but legacy. Higgins, the former head of Lend Lease which built Bluewater, Britain's second largest out-of-town shopping center, stresses that everything will be driven by legacy. The article also mentions the possible regeneration of East London including Stratford City as a result of the London 2012 Olympics.

This study estimates the impact of the London 2012 Olympics announcement on property prices. Using a self-constructed dataset of a sample of property transactions, it is estimated that properties in host boroughs are sold between 2.1 and 3.3 per cent higher, depending on the definition of the impact area. A similar investigation based on radius rings suggests that properties up to three miles away from the main Olympic stadium sell for 5 per cent higher. It is estimated that the overall impact on the price of properties in host boroughs amounts to £1.4 billion, having substantial social and financial implications for existing residents. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article emerges from an ongoing exploration into how British minority ethnic communities in the London area create spaces in community-based programs to maintain or develop their languages and literacies. In London, more than one-third of the 850,000 school children speak a language other than English at home (Baker & Eversley, 2000). This article compares a model of complementary schooling developed by the more recent Albanian refugee community in east London with provision within the long-established Bangladeshi community. Within the Bangladeshi community, it contrasts two examples that suggest that government policy and local political power can impact very differently on the same community in two different locations. The case studies illustrate the way in which communities with different immigration trajectories and geographical locations within east London maintain their identities, their languages, and their literacies in the face of changing government policies and a challenging economic climate. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article takes a critical look at the exploitation of difference and at the impact of political forces of various kinds on ethnic segregation. It examines both external forces and forces from within 'communities' themselves through the case history of Bengali settlement in the East End of London. It assesses the different, though interacting, roles of immigration legislation and resource allocation, community and separatist politics, populism and multiculturalism, and brings the story up to date with an account of the incorporation of faith groups in local governance and of the wooing of the Muslim vote in the context of 'the war on terror'. This understanding is presented as a necessary first step in combating ethnic division and focusing instead on social equality for all ethnicities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social and economic regeneration of inner-city housing estates has been a common feature of successive UK government policies for a number of years. However, their focus has primarily been on the physical regeneration of communities to the exclusion of individuals' emotional and personal problems. Community-based counselling projects are still a rarity in regeneration projects. This article describes the establishment and subsequent history of a counselling project based on an inner-city housing estate in East London, which was undergoing extensive regeneration. It discusses how the service originated from the ongoing work of a participatory action research project and how it challenged stereotypical images of counselling. It demonstrated that free, accessible and locally based counselling services are needed in the regeneration of communities; that extensive planning is necessary both within the organisation and in relation to funding before the project begins; and that on-going core funding is essential to sustaining such innovative and much-needed projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the significance of London and East End exploration for urban tourism in England. East End exploration and investigation promises urban sociologists, social workers and travelers something different from the West End leisure culture in London. This challenges the identities of individuals and their understanding of social and ethnic differences. It notes that the exploration of ethnic neighborhoods, slumming, originates from commodified urban pastime.

This article discusses the potential impact of the 2012 Olympic Games in London, England on the East End community that will host the event. The local economic impact of the Olympic games is framed in terms of the construction jobs that it provides and its potential to revitalize the economy of the East End. The goal of reducing unemployment through the course of developing London for the games is described.

There has been little exploration in the literature of the dialogic exchanges among marginalized youth, including the kinds of associations they may have, if any, with resilience. Based on preliminary findings from an ethnographic study in East London, we explore some of the dialogic exchanges about resilience among ethnically diverse groups of vulnerable youth to suggest alternative ways in which it can be contextualized. Youth narratives are used as an analytical tool to unravel the ambiguities of the terms resilience and adversity and to illustrate ways in which the respondents' association and understanding of resilience and adversity can contextualize more effectively the covert processes they undergo as they navigate through personal and cultural adversities. What is their association with the concept of resilience? Do these connections (if any) influence the ways they contextualize and face their daily adversities? How and where can the voices of vulnerable youth be positioned in the health resilience literature? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of revisiting Young and Willmott's Family and Kinship in East London was probably impossible. Dench, Gavron and Young extended the geographical coverage of their study area to include some fundamentally different zones adjacent to Bethnal Green. The study extended over a decade but the authors' The New East End fails to make clear dates, actors and locations. The theoretical framework is incoherent and especially so when referring to actors outside the area of study who the authors claim have considerable power and influence in the East End. Local people are static informants and so as a 'community study' the book fails to provide a narrative or analysis rooted in local events during a very eventful period of its history. The discussion of social policy changes, which form the background to this study is partial and tendentious. Although there is an illuminating section discussing migration from Sylhet the book is simply bad sociology. One outcome of the publication of The New East End has been that more general readers (including both the BNP and the Chairman of the Commission for Racial Equality) have been able to draw whatever conclusions from the book suit their own agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is controversy about the value of psychological interventions offered to refugee people through an interpreter, but little empirical evidence in this field. This study compared routine clinical outcomes of three groups of PTSD patients receiving CBT: refugees who required interpreters; refugees who did not require an interpreter; and English-speaking non-refugees. The aim of the study was to ascertain whether interpreted CBT is feasible. All three groups attended a similar number of sessions and showed significant improvements after treatment. Refugees receiving treatment with and without interpreting did not differ in treatment outcomes. The findings suggest that interpreters can be used with positive outcome in treating PTSD patients with CBT. This study supports NICE (2005) recommendations that CBT should be offered regardless of language need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inspiring article by Daniel Wilson describes many of the issues central to working with men with learning disabilities who have gender identity needs, and highlights key areas on which learning disability services need to focus. I work as a clinical psychologist in a community learning disability team in East London, and have a particular interest in sexuality and gender. In this article, I will discuss some of the issues that resonate for me in thinking about how services have responded to the needs of people with gender needs, considering possible comparison with responses to people with needs relating to sexual diversity. I will then go on to discuss some of the personal and professional dilemmas that have arisen for me in my work with a man who cross-dresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a shortage of information on the relationships between resources available to Regional Medium Secure services, demand from catchment area populations, and clinical factors which determine whether patients assessed are actually admitted. During a 7 year study period, the East London Service had few resources and the assessment process was entirely reactive in that all referrals were generated by external agencies. Patients selected for admission were primarily serious offenders with schizophrenia specifically referred for admission to medium security. The inpatient service was heavily reliant on admissions to the private sector. Needs of the catchment area population could not be met and it was necessary to prioritise a limited subgroup of mentally disordered prisoners at the expense of supporting local services and patients inappropriately remaining in maximum security. These findings are of contemporary relevance to the continuing lack of capacity in other medium secure services in the UK. Future service planning based on the 'rates-under-treatment' approach in the absence of adequate epidemiological data is discredited by these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the growth of a new revivalist, internationally orientated Islam in Tower Hamlets. It moves beyond discussions of identity to look at the roles of ideology and socio-economic background, and to assess the effect of the new identities and ideologies on social and political action. It looks at why young Bengalis are being increasingly attracted to Islam, and at how this can benefit both themselves and the wider Bengali community; and it also explores where the impact of the new Islam is less positive, ending with an examination of the limits of its power as a vehicle for radical change in a deprived area of London. The article is based on interviews carried out in 2000 and 2001 as part of a wider historical study of political mobilization of Jewish and Bengali immigrants in London's East End. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In October 1997, 60 people gathered in the East End of London, England for the third Community Psychology Conference. The previous conference a year earlier in Glasgow had stimulated such exciting debate and a sense of shared purpose, that psychologists in Newham, Tower Hamlets, Haringey and Hackney were keen to take on the organization of the 1997 conference. Being an area with a history of dynamic and growing ethnic diversity combined with a well-defined voluntary sector, East End of London has a wealth of exciting opportunities for the practice of community psychology. During the first day, the emphasis was on project work that had been set up by clinical psychologists in East London. Three commentators from the fields of feminist psychology, social constructionist psychotherapy, and ethnography shared their observations and thoughts after hearing each presentation on how their theoretical perspectives might be used to extend and develop these projects. For many of the conference participants, one of the most important aspects of the conference had been networking and re-establishing contact with like-minded people.

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the dental services delivered by the Community Dental Service (CDS) of Tower Hamlets (TH) and City and Hackney (CH) for adult homeless people in 2009-2011, to assess if the service met its planned objectives and to report the outcomes of the dental care provided.Method TH and CH CDS provided a nine tier dental service for homeless people during April 2009 to September 2011, in which the dedicated mobile dental service (MDS) and the dedicated dental clinic (DDS) provided 3,102 dental appointments for homeless people. Data collection from a random sample (n = 350) of record cards of adult patients who were homeless and offered oral care from these services was conducted, in collaboration with an analysis of appointment books, service delivery rotas and day sheets. Patients' oral findings, treatments, challenges as well as feedback received from the service users were recorded and evaluated against the planned objectives.Results One thousand two hundred and twelve (39.1%) of these appointments went to the 350 patients whose record cards were examined as part of this audit. One of the record cards randomly selected had incomplete date and was excluded from the results, so data was presented on the 349 complete record cards. The age range of these patients was 18-74 years, with a mean age of 38.46 years ± 9.1 standard deviation (SD) with 80% of the patients (n = 281) under 50 years of age. Forty percent of these patients presented in pain with a further 5% complaining of swelling and infection, 99% of people required treatment and only nine people had no decay, three of whom were edentulous. Two hundred and thirteen (61%) patients completed their treatments, which took between 1 to 18 appointments, but only 97 (27.8%) patients did so without any failed or cancelled appointments. Of the 128 (36.7%) patients who were lost after the first appointment, only 15 (11.7%) did not receive any treatment; most had been treated for pain with temporary fillings, extractions, permanent fillings and management of swelling. Sixty-seven band 1, 16 band 1.2 (emergency only), 148 band 2 and 52 band 3 courses of treatment were submitted.Conclusion This study showed a significant need for services providing oral healthcare for this population and highlighted that flexibly delivered dental services, embedded in local health and social networks, seemed to promote uptake in these clients who normally find it extremely difficult to find dental care services elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To explore the association between school bullying and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among 15-16-year-old school children from East London.Design Data from phase III of the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS), a school-based prospective study of a representative sample of adolescents, were analysed. Adolescents provided information on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic measures and frequency of bullying in school through self-administered questionnaires and were clinically examined for overjet, lip coverage and TDI. The association between school bullying and TDI was assessed using binary logistic regression models.Results The prevalence of TDI was 17%, while lifetime and current prevalence of bullying was 32% and 11%, respectively. The prevalence of TDI increased with a growing frequency of bullying; from 16% among adolescents who had never been bullied at school, to 21% among those who were bullied in the past but not this school term, to 22% for those who were bullied this school term. However, this association was not statistically significant either in crude or adjusted regression models.Conclusion There was no evidence of an association between frequency of school bullying and TDI in this sample of 15-16-year-old adolescents in East London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The general dental practitioners and community dental services of Barts Health NHS Trust in City and Hackney and Tower Hamlets PCTs in East London currently provide a school-based oral health prevention programme. The programme provides dental screening for three- to six-year-olds, fluoride varnish application twice during the school year and engaging with the families to encourage dental attendance. An evaluation of the programme suggested that children with a dental treatment need, identified by the screening, were not being taken for further dental care.Objective The aim of this 'Back2School' pilot was to evaluate the use of mobile dental units in the provision of care to this group of children. The objectives were to assess if this care was acceptable to the children and their families, to evaluate dental treatment provided, patient attendance, costs of the service and whether it would be a viable method to provide dental care.Methods The rotation of the mobile dental unit in this pilot offered ten sessions of dental care over five days in three different locations. The locations were chosen near the five schools covered by the community dental service.Results A total of 63 children were seen; 33 females and 30 males, which included 7 walk-in patients. Five children had extractions and the number of fillings ranged from one to six. Of the 63 children seen only 8 (13%) had attended a dentist before, 59 (93%) of the children were rated 'high risk' for dental disease, 61 (97%) of the children received a fluoride varnish application and 95.2 UDAs were achieved. Feedback was positive overall.Conclusions The use of a community-based mobile dental unit has the potential to be a cost-effective method to remove barriers to dental care access, both for the treatment of vulnerable children and as a first point of contact in the dental care pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The rights of people with learning disabilities to marry and have a family is at the heart of the Government's new strategy (Valuing People ), yet there are few integrated and co-ordinated services to meet their needs. All too often, learning disability is the sole reason why children are removed from their biological parents. Whilst there is a small but growing literature on the quality and extent of the social supports available, little attention has been paid to culture and gender. This study analyses data on parents who came into contact with the specialist community learning disability health team in East London over a 5-year period in respect of culture, gender and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]