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2. Globalisation Opportunities for VET: How European and International Initiatives Help in Renewing Vocational Education and Training in European Countries. Cedefop Research Paper. No 71
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Department for VET Systems and Institutions (DSI)
- Abstract
In a highly competitive global landscape, occupations are transformed, new jobs are created and the skills needed for the labour market are constantly changing. European countries are looking at redefining VET [vocational education and training] to respond promptly to such challenges and take advantage of the opportunities ahead. They are reforming to modernise their VET systems and strengthen the relevance of their national qualifications in an international context. This publication explores national responses to globalisation in 15 countries and five economic sectors. It aims to understand how European and international initiatives help VET renewal across Europe. It shows how countries' reactions are embedded in their national traditions but also depend on their interactions with European, sectoral and multinational players that provide training and award qualifications. [The research was carried out by a consortium led by IBE Educational research institute and 3s Unternehmensberatung GmbH.]
- Published
- 2018
3. Education Systems, Education Reforms, and Adult Skills in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). OECD Education Working Papers, No. 182
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France) and Liu, Huacong
- Abstract
This study uses the PIAAC data to examine the relationships between education system characteristics (e.g. early tracking and vocational education orientation) and distributions of adult numeracy skills. It also investigates the effects of postponing the tracking age and easing university access for students on a vocational track on the average skills and different percentiles of the skills distribution. Correlational analysis suggests that education systems with more students enrolled in vocational tracks have on average higher levels of numeracy skills and more compressed skills distributions between the 50th and 90th percentiles. Further analysis suggests that postponing the tracking age among 14 European countries does not have a significant effect on the average skills of the population. However, it increases skills for individuals at the 10th, 20th, and 30th percentiles of the skill distribution. Expanding university access is associated with an increase in numeracy skills, particularly for individuals at the bottom three deciles of the distribution.
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- 2018
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4. The role of mentoring in the schooling of children in residential care.
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Garcia-Molsosa, Marta, Collet-Sabé, Jordi, and Montserrat, Carme
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ACADEMIC achievement ,CAREGIVERS ,FOCUS groups ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,MENTORING ,REPORT writing ,RESEARCH funding ,ROLE models ,TEACHERS ,QUALITATIVE research ,SOCIAL capital ,PILOT projects ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,THEMATIC analysis ,RESIDENTIAL care ,UNDERGRADUATES ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,ADOLESCENCE ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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5. The Impact of Emerging Technology in Physics over the Past Three Decades
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Binar Kurnia Prahani, Hanandita Veda Saphira, Budi Jatmiko, Suryanti, and Tan Amelia
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As humanity reaches the 5.0 industrial revolution, education plays a critical role in boosting the quality of human resources. This paper reports bibliometric research on emerging TiP during 1993-2022 in the educational field to analyse its development on any level of education during the last three decades. This study employed a Scopus database. The findings are that the trend of TiP publication in educational fields has tended to increase every year during the past three decades and conference paper became the most published document type, the USA is the country which produces the most publications; "Students" being the most occurrences keyword and total link strength. The publication of the TiP is ranked to the Quartile 1, which implies that a publication with the cited performance is a publication with credibility because the publisher has a good reputation. Researchers can find the topics most relevant to other metadata sources such as Web of Science, Publish, and Perish.
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- 2024
6. Immigrant Minority Languages and Multilingual Education in Europe: A Literature Review
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Elizabeth Pérez-Izaguirre, Gorka Roman, and María Orcasitas-Vicandi
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Immigrant minority (IM) languages have a significant presence in certain European regions. Nonetheless, these languages are not usually included in the school curriculum. This paper aims to analyse the studies published between 2010 and 2020 considering IM languages in multilingual European education contexts. The method included a search of academic papers published in the databases ERIC, Web of Science and Scopus, which yielded 42 studies. The studies were analysed by considering: (1) the demographic characteristics of the countries where the studies were conducted, (2) the sociolinguistic or psycholinguistic focus of the papers in relation to the European country, and (3) the characteristics of the bi-multilingual education programme including IM languages. The results indicate that: (1) the demographic characteristics of the country are not strictly related to the number of studies published, (2) most studies have a sociolinguistic approach even though many studies analyse both sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic factors, and (3) only seven multilingual education programmes including IM languages were described in these papers. We conclude that there is a lack of research focusing on IM languages in educational settings and discuss how addressing these gaps could create opportunities for building equitable multilingual communities in Europe.
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- 2024
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7. Working to improve the management of sarcoma patients across Europe: a policy checklist.
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Kasper, Bernd, Lecointe-Artzner, Estelle, Wait, Suzanne, Boldon, Shannon, Wilson, Roger, Gronchi, Alessandro, Valverde, Claudia, Eriksson, Mikael, Dumont, Sarah, Drove, Nora, Kanli, Athanasia, and Wartenberg, Markus
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SARCOMA ,CANCER treatment ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL quality control ,CLINICAL trials ,MEDICAL specialties & specialists ,MEDICAL care laws ,MEDICAL care standards ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Background: The Sarcoma Policy Checklist was created by a multidisciplinary expert group to provide policymakers with priority areas to improve care for sarcoma patients.Main Body: This paper draws on this research, by looking more closely at how France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom are addressing each of these priority areas. It aims to highlight key gaps in research, policy and practice, as well as ongoing initiatives that may impact the future care of sarcoma patients in different European countries. A pragmatic review of the published and web-based literature was undertaken. Telephone interviews were conducted in each country with clinical and patient experts to substantiate findings. Research findings were discussed within the expert group and developed into five core policy recommendations. The five identified priority areas were: the development of designated and accredited centres of reference; more professional training; multidisciplinary care; greater incentives for research and innovation; and more rapid access to effective treatments. Most of the countries studied have ongoing initiatives addressing many of these priorities; however, many are in early stages of development, or require additional funding and resources.Conclusion: Gaps in access to quality care are particularly concerning in many of Europe's lower-resourced countries. Equitable access to information, clinical trials, innovative treatments and quality specialist care should be available to all sarcoma patients. Achieving this across Europe will require close collaboration between all stakeholders at both the national and European level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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8. Biomedical practices from a patient perspective. Experiences of Polish female migrants in Barcelona, Berlin and London.
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Main, Izabella
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MEDICAL care ,CHILDBIRTH ,COMMUNICATION ,PSYCHOLOGY of immigrants ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,PEDIATRICS ,PHYSICIAN-patient relations ,CULTURAL pluralism ,RESEARCH funding ,WOMEN ,ETHNOLOGY research ,FIELD research ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
This paper focuses on the diversity in patients' experience of biomedicine and contrasts it with the normative view characteristic of health professionals. Ethnographic fieldwork among Polish migrant women in London, Barcelona and Berlin included interviews about their experiences with local healthcare and health professionals. Themes drawn from the narratives are differences between the cities in terms of communication between patients and health professionals, respect for patients' choices and dignity, attitudes to pregnancy and birth (different levels of medicalization), and paediatric care. It is argued that patients continuously negotiate among their own views and expectations based on previous experiences and knowledge from personal communication; internet forums and publications; and the offer of medical services in the countries of their settlement. Patients experience pluralism of therapeutic traditions within and outside bio-medicine. In turn, representatives of bio-medicine are rarely aware of other medical practices and beliefs and this leads to various misunderstandings. By highlighting the pluralism of medical practices in European countries and the increasing mobility of patients, this case study has useful implications for medical anthropologists and health professionals in a broader Western context, such as raising sensitivity to different communication strategies and a diversity of curing traditions and expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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9. Professional Competencies in Language Learning and Teaching
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Research-publishing.net (France), Goria, Cecilia, Guetta, Lea, Hughes, Neil, Reisenleutner, Sandra, Speicher, Oranna, Goria, Cecilia, Guetta, Lea, Hughes, Neil, Reisenleutner, Sandra, Speicher, Oranna, and Research-publishing.net (France)
- Abstract
This volume examines many of the complex issues regarding the language skills and professional competencies acquired by students studying Modern Foreign Languages (MFL) at universities in the United Kingdom and across Europe. It also outlines the innovative pedagogical strategies, methods, and resources employed by language academics to help graduates transition from university into the world of work through their MFL studies. These issues were discussed at the Professional Competencies in Language Learning and Teaching conference that took place on 12th-13th July 2018 at the University of Nottingham. The conference that was organised as a collaboration between the Department of Modern Languages and Cultures and the Confucius Institute of the University of Nottingham brought together researchers, practitioners, employers, and experts working on 21st century professional competencies and language education.
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- 2019
10. Problematic Areas of Host University Support Services for Short-Term Mobility Students
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Perez-Encinas, Adriana, Rodriguez-Pomeda, Jesus, and Josek, Mikuláš
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The growing numbers of mobile students over the years made the provision of student services a key topic of interest for higher education institutions. In order to offer a better experience for international students, it is important to be aware of and assess their needs in relation to different sets of support services. The data used in this paper were gathered through the ESNsurvey 2016 project, a research venture focused on the experiences of participants in short-term student mobility in Europe. Responses were collected from 12,365 international students, who have participated in a short-term (3-12 months) study period abroad mostly through Europe's most promoted mobility program called ERASMUS+. For the purpose of this paper, the focus was only on the aspect of host university support services. The comments of 2,012 students about their experiences were analyzed using a probabilistic methodology known as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The findings reveal that some international students' concerns are not fully addressed by higher education institutions. The main problem areas identified with respect to host support services were admission, living costs, including accommodation and money concerns, and IT and bank issues. It is strongly recommended that universities address the problematic areas through student support services by assessing international students' opinions and needs.
- Published
- 2017
11. The impact of interpersonal reporting heterogeneity on cross-country differences in Healthy Life Years in Europe.
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Luy, Marc, Giulio, Paola Di, and Minagawa, Yuka
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SELF-evaluation ,FUNCTIONAL status ,HEALTH status indicators ,HEALTH expectancy ,POPULATION geography ,PHYSICAL activity ,DIFFERENTIAL item functioning (Research bias) ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Background The European Union has used Healthy Life Years (HLY) as an indicator to monitor the health of its aging populations. Scholarly and popular interest in HLY across countries has grown, particularly regarding the ranking of countries. It is important to note that HLY is based on self-assessments of activity limitations, raising the possibility that it might be influenced by differences in health reporting behaviours between populations, a phenomenon known as differential item functioning (DIF). Methods We estimated DIF-adjusted HLY at age 50 for Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and Sweden to determine the extent to which differences in HLY might be influenced by reporting heterogeneity across countries. We used anchoring vignettes, taken from the 2004 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, to estimate DIF-adjusted prevalence rates of activity limitations measured by the Global Activity Limitations Indicator (GALI). The Sullivan method was used to calculate DIF-adjusted HLY. Results Changes in HLY before and after adjustment ranged from a 1.20-year decrease for men in Italy to a 1.61-year increase for women in Spain. Adjustment for DIF produced changes in the rankings of the countries by HLY, with upward and downward movements of up to three positions. Conclusion Our results show that DIF is likely to affect HLY estimates, thereby posing a challenge to the validity of comparisons of HLY across European countries. The findings suggest that HLY should be used to monitor population health status within a country, rather than to make comparisons across countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Therapeutic index for local infections score (TILI): a new diagnostic tool.
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Dissemond, Joachim and Gerber, Veronika
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ALLIED health personnel ,BACTERICIDES ,PREVENTION of communicable diseases ,CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,DERMATOLOGISTS ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,HEALTH care teams ,RESEARCH methodology ,SURGEONS ,SURGICAL site infections ,WOUND healing ,WOUND infections ,WOUND care ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,EARLY diagnosis ,SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Objective: Local wound infections are a major challenge for patients and health professionals. Various diagnostic and therapeutic options are available. However, a generally accepted standard is still lacking in Europe. The aim was to develop an easy-to-use clinical score for the early detection of local wound infections, as a basis for decisionmaking on antiseptic therapy or decolonisation. Method: An interdisciplinary and interprofessional panel of experts from seven European countries was brought together to discuss the various aspects of diagnosing local wound infections. Results: The result was the adoption of the Therapeutic Index for Local Infections (TILI) score, developed in Germany by Initiative Chronische Wunden e.V., specifically for health professionals not specialised in wound care. Available in six European languages, the TILI score could also be adapted for different European countries, depending on their specific national healthcare requirements. The six clinical criteria for local wound infection are erythema to surrounding skin; heat; oedema, induration or swelling; spontaneous pain or pressure pain; stalled wound healing; and increase and/or change in colour or smell of exudate. Meeting all criteria indicates that antiseptic wound therapy could be started. Regardless of these unspecific clinical signs, there are also health conditions for the clinical situation which are a direct indication for antimicrobial wound therapy. These include the presence of wound pathogens, such as meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, septic surgical wound or the presence of free pus. Conclusion: The development of the new internationally adapted TILI score, which could also be used by any caregiver in daily practice to diagnose local infections in acute and hard-to-heal wounds, is the result of expert consensus. However, the score system has to be validated through a clinical evaluation. This is to be performed in expert centres throughout Europe. Declaration of interest: JD has received research support, lecture fees and travel-cost reimbursements from 4M, Coloplast, Convatec, Draco, Engelhardt, Paul Hartmann, KCI, Lohmann&Rauscher, Mölnlycke, SastoMed and Urgo. RL has received research support, lecture fees and travel-cost reimbursements from Mölnlycke and Urgo. AK has received research support, lecture fees and travel-cost reimbursements from 3M, B. Braun Melsungen, Bode/Paul Hartmann, Ethicon, Lohmann&Rauscher, Mundipharma, Oculus, SastoMed Schülke&Mayr, SERAG-WIESSNER and Urgo. JVS has received research support, lecture fees and travel-cost reimbursements from Mundipharma, Histocell, Quesper and Urgo. This work was supported by an unlimited grant from Urgo Medical. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of Urgo Medical. The company had no direct influence on the content of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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13. A successful nursing education promotes newly graduated nurses' job satisfaction one year after graduation: a cross-sectional multi-country study.
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Koskinen, Sanna, Brugnolli, Anna, Fuster-Linares, Pilar, Hourican, Susan, Istomina, Natalja, Leino-Kilpi, Helena, Löyttyniemi, Eliisa, Nemcová, Jana, Meyer, Gabriele, De Oliveira, Célia Simão, Palese, Alvisa, Rua, Marília, Salminen, Leena, Sveinsdóttir, Herdís, Visiers-Jiménez, Laura, Zeleníková, Renáta, and Kajander-Unkuri, Satu
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WORK environment ,MEDICAL quality control ,NURSING ,CROSS-sectional method ,ACHIEVEMENT ,AGE distribution ,TRANSITIONAL programs (Education) ,NURSING education ,GRADUATES ,NURSING career counseling ,JOB satisfaction ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,INTENTION - Abstract
Background: Job satisfaction is a key factor for the successful transition of newly graduated nurses (NGNs) and for retaining NGNs in their workplaces. However, there is limited evidence of the relationship between satisfaction regarding the nursing education program and NGNs' job satisfaction in the first year after graduation. Therefore, this study aims to examine the association of the nursing education related factors and NGNs' job satisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study design with the utilization of data collected from the same respondents one year earlier as educational factors was applied. The data were collected from NGNs (n = 557) in 10 European countries using an electronic survey between February 2019 and September 2020, and analyzed in detail for four countries (n = 417). Job satisfaction was measured with three questions: satisfaction with current job, quality of care in the workplace, and nursing profession. Nursing education related factors were satisfaction with nursing education program, level of study achievements, nursing as the 1st study choice, intention to stay in nursing, and generic nursing competence. The data were analyzed statistically using logistic regression. Results: Most of the NGNs in the 10 countries were satisfied with their current job (88.3%), the quality of care (86.4%) and nursing profession (83.8%). Finnish, German, Lithuanian and Spanish NGNs' satisfaction with the nursing education program at graduation was statistically significantly associated with their job satisfaction, i.e., satisfaction with their current job, the quality of care, and the nursing profession. Moreover, NGNs who had fairly often or very often intention to stay in nursing at graduation were more satisfied with their current job, with the quality of care, and with the nursing profession compared with NGNs who had never or fairly seldom intention to stay in nursing at graduation. Conclusions: Nursing education plays a significant role in NGNs' job satisfaction one year after graduation, indicating the importance to start career planning already during nursing education. Both nursing education providers and healthcare organizations could plan in close collaboration a transition program for NGNs to ease the transition phase and thus increase the NGNs' job satisfaction and ultimately the high-quality care of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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14. 'Out of the Shadows?' Accounting for Special Purpose Entities in European Banking Systems.
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Thiemann, Matthias
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BANKING industry ,ACCOUNTING ,SPECIAL purpose entities (Corporations) ,FINANCIAL statements ,CASE studies - Abstract
This article focuses on national variations in the engagement of banks in off-balance sheet securitization in three case study countries: Spain, France and Germany. It is argued that the failures in prudential regulation that underpinned the recent financial crisis are not predominantly situated at the international level. This article focuses on the way that national accounting rules determine whether the Special Purpose Entities of banks are off- or on-balance sheet. The analysis shows that national accounting norms are an important building block for prudential regulation, and these are prone to wider political influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] - Published
- 2012
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15. Smoking in public places in six European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Survey.
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Fu, Marcela, Castellano, Yolanda, Tigova, Olena, Mons, Ute, Agar, Thomas, Kyriakos, Christina N., Trofor, Antigona C., Quah, Anne C. K., Fong, Geoffrey T., Przewoźniak, Krzysztof, Zatoński, Witold A., Demjén, Tibor, Tountas, Yannis, Vardavas, Constantine I., and Fernández, Esteve
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SMOKING & psychology ,HEALTH promotion ,PUBLIC spaces ,SMOKING ,WORK environment - Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surveillance of tobacco consumption in public places is an important measure to evaluate the impact of tobacco control interventions over time. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of smoking as seen by smokers and their smoking behaviour in public places, in six European countries. METHODS We used baseline data of the International Tobacco Control Six European countries (ITC 6E) Survey, part of the EUREST-PLUS Project, conducted in 2016 in national representative samples of about 1000 adult smokers aged 18 years and older in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain. For each setting (workplaces, restaurants, bars/pubs and discos) participants were asked whether they had seen someone smoking during their last visit there and whether they too had smoked there. We report the overall and by-country weighted prevalence of seeing someone smoking and the smokers' own smoking behaviour at each setting. We also assess the relationship between seeing someone smoking and smoking themselves at these settings. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking as seen by smokers was 18.8% at workplaces, with high variability among countries (from 4.7% in Hungary to 40.8% in Greece). Among smokers visiting leisure facilities in the last year, during their last visit 22.7% had seen someone smoking inside restaurants and 12.2% had smoked themselves there, while for bars/pubs the corresponding prevalences were 33.9% and 20.4%, and inside discos 44.8% and 34.8%. CONCLUSIONS Smoking is still prevalent at leisure facilities, particularly at discos in Europe, with high variability among countries. More extensive awareness campaigns and stricter enforcement are needed to increase the compliance of smokefree regulations, especially in leisure facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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16. European Reactions to Global Challenges: the Cases of the Netherlands, the UK, Sweden, Spain, and Germany.
- Author
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Koch, Max
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LABOR ,LABOR market ,PUBLIC welfare ,SOCIAL policy ,WELFARE economics ,INDUSTRIAL management ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,GOVERNMENT policy ,ECONOMIC policy ,DECENTRALIZATION in government ,SOCIAL history ,SOCIAL marketing ,STRATEGIC planning ,WELFARE state - Abstract
The paper questions the view of a narrow connection between global constraints and internal policy choices of European nation states according to which 'Deregulation' and the reduction of state expenditure are seen as the only possibilities that decision-makers in labour market and social policy have at their disposal. Theoretically, it is argued that countries with relatively high taxes can remain attractive for international capital as long as they offer a highly qualified labour force able to produce high quality commodities. Different productivity levels then correspond with a spectrum of post-Fordist growth strategies the ends of which are characterised as 'capital-oriented flexibility' and 'negotiated flexibility'. Empirically, the paper interprets recent reforms of labour markets and welfare states in the Netherlands, the UK, Sweden, Spain, and Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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17. Solbase: A Databank of Solutions for Occupational Hazards and Risks.
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SWUSTE, PAUL, HALE, ANDREW, and PANTRY, SHEILA
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INDUSTRIAL safety ,PRODUCTION functions (Economic theory) - Abstract
Several attempts have been made to develop strategies for an effective control of workplace hazards. This paper will focus on the results of a European project called Solbase, which is a databank for solutions to occupational hazards and risks. The Safety Science Group of Delft University of Technology in collaboration with TNO Work and Organisation (formerly NIA-TNO) designed Solbase in a series of projects funded by the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment and the European Commission. It consists of the design of and software for a databank with an intelligent navigation system allowing users two principal entry points, which correspond to two basic types of solutions. The first entry point is based on the production process, subdivided into the production principle and production function. This entry point provides the dissemination of solutions within and between branches of industry. The second entry point includes the hazard and its emission and transmission as an access point for more conventional occupational hygiene control measures. With the partners of the consortium, from Spain, Italy, Ireland, Germany, the UK and The Netherlands, 535 new and existing solutions throughout Europe and the world were gathered to test the software and the solutions during a field study. Despite the relatively small number of ‘test solutions’ used, 54% of the search actions in the field study resulted in a useful and suitable solution which the company could actually put into practice. The companies characterized the software as very user friendly. The reproducibility of the coding system for solutions, the classification tree, was satisfactory. Most coders chose the same keywords from the classification tree to describe a corresponding solution. Solbase is a good searching machine for workplace solutions. Especially, the classification of production processes is an inherent guarantee of an exchange of information across the borders of a specific company or branch of industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
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18. Psychometric testing of the facilitative student–patient relationship scale within six EUROPEAN countries.
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Suikkala, Arja, Koskinen, Sanna, Brasaitė‐Abromė, Indrė, Fuster‐Linares, Pilar, Lehwaldt, Daniela, Leino‐Kilpi, Helena, Meyer, Gabriele, Sveinsdóttir, Herdís, and Katajisto, Jouko
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HOSPITALS ,RESEARCH ,PRIVACY ,RESEARCH evaluation ,PATIENT advocacy ,HEALTH occupations students ,CROSS-sectional method ,CONVERSATION ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,NURSING education ,SURVEYS ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,HUMANITY ,LEARNING strategies ,MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques ,FACTOR analysis ,MEDICAL ethics ,RESEARCH funding ,PATIENT-professional relations ,STATISTICAL sampling ,NURSING students ,EMOTIONS - Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to test the psychometric properties of the Facilitative Student–Patient Relationship (FSPR) Scale in clinical practicum in hospital settings within six European countries. Design: A multi‐country, cross‐sectional survey design was applied. Methods: A convenience sample of graduating nursing students (N = 1,796) completed the FSPR Scale. Psychometric testing was carried out through explorative factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Results: Both validity and reliability of the scale were confirmed. The explorative factor analysis yielded a two‐factor construct explaining 47.7% of the total variance, identifying two sub‐scales: caring relationship and learning relationship. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two‐factor structure. The Cronbach alpha coefficients (0.8–0.9) indicated acceptable reliability of the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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19. Alcohol use disorders in Europe: A comparison of general population and primary health care prevalence rates.
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Manthey, Jakob, Gual, Antoni, Jakubczyk, Andrzej, Pieper, Lars, Probst, Charlotte, Struzzo, Pierluigi, Trapencieris, Marcis, Wojnar, Marcin, and Rehm, Jürgen
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ALCOHOLISM treatment ,ALCOHOLISM ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,HELP-seeking behavior ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,PRIMARY health care ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,DISEASE prevalence ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Aims. Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are prevalent in Europe but occurrence in primary care and the proportion of treated cases are understudied. This study reports prevalence of AUDs and their treatment in European primary health care settings and compares them with general population estimates.Procedure. We sampled 358 general practitioners (GPs, refusal rate: 56.4%) across six European countries (Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Poland, and Spain) who assessed 13,003 patients including providing AUD diagnoses. A subsample of 8,476 patients (refusal rate: 17.8%) was interviewed subsequently, assessing DSM-IV AUD diagnoses via the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Final AUD diagnoses combined GP and patient interview information.Findings. Past year AUDs were prevalent with 11.8% (95% CI: 11.2–12.5%) across all regions, which is 1.6 times the European general population AUD estimate. Of those diagnosed with AUDs, 17.7% (95% CI: 15.4–20.0%) received professional help. Compared to general population estimates, AUDs and their treatment were more prevalent in primary care settings in most countries, with disproportionally high AUD rates in Italy and Spain and unexpectedly low AUD rates in Hungary.Conclusions. We found higher prevalence and treatment rates of AUDs in primary health care compared to general population surveys, with large variability between the observed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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20. Nurse managers’ assessments about nursing education and work life’s competence demands: A European multi-country cross-sectional survey.
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Kukkonen, Pia, Koskinen, Sanna, Fatkulina, Natalja, Fuster, Pilar, Lehwaldt, Daniela, Löyttyniemi, Eliisa, Salminen, Leena, Stubner, Juliane, Sveinsdóttir, Herdís, and Leino-Kilpi, Helena
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NATIONAL competency-based educational tests ,COLLEGE students ,STATISTICAL significance ,STATISTICS ,NURSE administrators ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CROSS-sectional method ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,ONE-way analysis of variance ,WORK-life balance ,NURSING education ,PROFESSIONAL competence ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,GRADUATE students ,NURSING students ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software ,DATA analysis - Abstract
As future employers, nurse managers are in a key position to assess the correspondence between the competence of graduating nursing students and work life demands. The aim of the present study was to assess the competence of graduating nursing students from the perspective of managers, and analyze the factors linked to it. Among European managers in six countries, a cross-sectional survey design with a convenience sample was applied. Data were collected using the Nurse Competence Scale. The study was reported using the STROBE guidelines. Managers (n =538, 65.8%) assessed the level of competence of graduating nursing students as good, but there were statistically significant differences between countries. In a multivariable analysis, managers who had a Doctoral/Master’s degree and were dissatisfied with the nursing program in their country assessed the level of competence as lower. Overall, graduating nursing students seem to meet the competence demands of current work life rather well. Further research is needed to confirm the connection between the managers’ competence assessment and their individual background factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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21. Valmistumisvaiheen sairaanhoitajaopiskelijoiden lääkelaskuosaaminen -- Eurooppalainen poikittaistutkimus.
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KOSKINEN, SANNA, ELONEN, IMANE, LEINO-KILPI, HELENA, LÖYTTYNIEMI, ELIISA, and SALMINEN, LEENA
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COLLEGE students ,STATISTICAL significance ,NURSING ,HEALTH occupations students ,CROSS-sectional method ,ORAL drug administration ,SATISFACTION ,PHARMACEUTICAL arithmetic ,STUDENTS ,NURSING students ,PATIENT safety ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Copyright of Hoitotiede is the property of Hoitotieteiden Tutkimusseura HTTS r.y. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
22. Designing and Implementing Virtual Exchange -- A Collection of Case Studies
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Research-publishing.net (France), Helm, Francesca, Beaven, Ana, Helm, Francesca, Beaven, Ana, and Research-publishing.net (France)
- Abstract
Virtual exchange is gaining popularity in formal and non-formal education, partly as a means to internationalise the curriculum, and also to offer more sustainable and inclusive international and intercultural experiences to young people around the world. This volume brings together 19 case studies (17 in higher education and two in youth work) of virtual exchange projects in Europe and the South Mediterranean region. They span across a range of disciplines, from STEM to business, tourism, and languages, and are presented as real-life pedagogical practices that can be of interest to educators looking for ideas and inspiration. [This content is provided in the format of an e-book. Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
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- 2020
23. SME Policy in Europe.
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De, Dennis
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SMALL business ,ECONOMIC policy ,EMPLOYMENT ,ECONOMIC development ,COMMUNITY development ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,GLOBALIZATION ,RESEARCH & development ,RED tape - Abstract
This paper explores what small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) policy is about, how it is pursued in Europe, and the differences between the European countries. According to the author, the overall objectives of SME policy are to create employment, foster economic growth, improve competitiveness, and regional/structural development. The SME-related policy pursued in most European countries involves a collection of various objectives and fields of economic policy rather than a conceptual framework. The author discusses the various approaches of SME policy that take place in the following European countries: Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Denmark, France, and Belgium. The author also discusses the variation of instruments used in the following fields of SME policy: start-ups, finance, exports and internationalization, information, research and development, labor, and red tape.
- Published
- 2000
24. Parental experiences of homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic: differences between seven European countries and between children with and without mental health conditions.
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Thorell, Lisa B., Skoglund, Charlotte, de la Peña, Almudena Giménez, Baeyens, Dieter, Fuermaier, Anselm B. M., Groom, Madeleine J., Mammarella, Irene C., van der Oord, Saskia, van den Hoofdakker, Barbara J., Luman, Marjolein, de Miranda, Débora Marques, Siu, Angela F. Y., Steinmayr, Ricarda, Idrees, Iman, Soares, Lorrayne Stephane, Sörlin, Matilda, Luque, Juan Luis, Moscardino, Ughetta M., Roch, Maja, and Crisci, Giulia
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PARENT attitudes ,HOME environment ,ONLINE education ,TEACHER-student relationships ,SPECIAL education ,SOCIAL support ,SOCIAL media ,PARENTS of children with disabilities ,MENTAL health ,DOMESTIC violence ,SOCIAL isolation ,SCHOOLS ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,TEACHERS ,ALCOHOL drinking ,POLICY sciences ,COVID-19 pandemic ,MENTAL illness ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine parental experiences of homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic in families with or without a child with a mental health condition across Europe. The study included 6720 parents recruited through schools, patient organizations and social media platforms (2002 parents with a child with a mental health condition and 4718 without) from seven European countries: the UK (n = 508), Sweden (n = 1436), Spain (n = 1491), Belgium (n = 508), the Netherlands (n = 324), Germany (n = 1662) and Italy (n = 794). Many parents reported negative effects of homeschooling for themselves and their child, and many found homeschooling to be of poor quality, with insufficient support from schools. In most countries, contact with teachers was limited, leaving parents with primary responsibility for managing homeschooling. Parents also reported increased levels of stress, worry, social isolation, and domestic conflict. A small number of parents reported increased parental alcohol/drug use. Some differences were found between countries and some negative experiences were more common in families with a child with a mental health condition. However, differences between countries and between families with and without a mental health condition were generally small, indicating that many parents across countries reported negative experiences. Some parents also reported positive experiences of homeschooling. The adverse effects of homeschooling will likely have a long-term impact and contribute to increased inequalities. Given that school closures may be less effective than other interventions, policymakers need to carefully consider the negative consequences of homeschooling during additional waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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25. COVID-19 and policies for care homes in the first wave of the pandemic in European welfare states: Too little, too late?
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Daly, Mary, León, Margarita, Pfau-Effinger, Birgit, Ranci, Costanzo, and Rostgaard, Tine
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HEALTH policy ,CROSS-sectional method ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESIDENTIAL care ,RESEARCH funding ,STAY-at-home orders ,COVID-19 testing ,PERSONAL protective equipment ,COVID-19 pandemic ,LONG-term health care ,OLD age - Abstract
This article examines COVID-19 and residential care for older people during the first wave of the pandemic in 2020, comparing a range of countries – Denmark, England, Germany, Italy and Spain – to identify the policy approaches taken to the virus in care homes and set these in institutional and policy context. Pandemic policies towards care homes are compared in terms of lockdown, testing and the supply of personal protective equipment. The comparative analysis shows a clear cross-national clustering: Denmark and Germany group together by virtue of the proactive approach adopted, whereas England, Italy and Spain had major weaknesses resulting in delayed and generally inadequate responses. The article goes on to show that these outcomes and country clustering are embedded in particular long-term care (LTC) policy systems. The factors that we highlight as especially important in differentiating the countries are the resourcing of the sector, the regulation of LTC and care homes, and the degree of vertical (and to a lesser extent horizontal) coordination in the sector and between it and the health sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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26. Taking stock of COVID-19 policy measures to protect Europe's elderly living in long-term care facilities.
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Frisina Doetter, Lorraine, Preuß, Benedikt, and Rothgang, Heinz
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PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission ,COVID-19 ,POPULATION geography ,MEDICAL protocols ,NURSING care facilities ,GOVERNMENT policy ,GOVERNMENT agencies ,RESIDENTIAL care ,INSTITUTIONAL care ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PATIENT safety ,LONG-term health care - Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has come to impact all areas of life involving the health, psycho-social and economic wellbeing of individuals, as well as all stages of life from childhood to old age. Particularly, the frail elderly have had to face the gravest consequences of the disease; while reporting measures tend to differ between countries making direct comparisons difficult, national statistics worldwide point to a disproportionate and staggering share of COVID-19 related mortality coming from residential long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Still, the severity of the impact on the institutionalized elderly has not been uniform across countries. In an effort to better understand the disparities in impact on Europe's elderly living in LTCFs, we review data on mortality outcomes seen during the first wave of the pandemic (months March to June 2020). We then set out to understand the role played by the following two factors: (1) the infection rate in the general population and (2) member state adherence to policy recommendations put forth by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) targeting the LTC sector. Regarding the latter, we compare the content of national policy measures in six countries – Austria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Spain and Sweden – with those of the ECDC. Our findings establish that infection rates in the general population accounted for most of the variation in mortality among member states, however adherence to EU policy helped to explain the residual variation between cases. This suggests that in order to best protect the institutionalized elderly from infectious disease of this kind, countries need to adopt a two-pronged approach to developing measures: one that aims at reducing transmission within the general population and one that specifically targets LTCFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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27. Final clinical practicum shapes the transition experience and occupational commitment of newly graduated nurses in Europe—A longitudinal study.
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Kaihlanen, Anu‐Marja, Gluschkoff, Kia, Koskinen, Sanna, Salminen, Leena, Strandell‐Laine, Camilla, Fuster Linares, Pilar, Sveinsdóttir, Herdís, Fatkulina, Natalja, Ní Chianáin, Linda, Stubner, Juliane, and Leino‐Kilpi, Helena
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SCHOOL environment ,WORK environment ,TEACHING methods ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,LEADERSHIP ,TRANSITIONAL programs (Education) ,REGRESSION analysis ,GRADUATES ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,SURVEYS ,LABOR turnover ,JOB satisfaction ,MEDICAL preceptorship ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,STUDENTS ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,COMMITMENT (Psychology) ,NURSING students ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,SUPERVISION of employees ,JOB performance ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software ,ODDS ratio ,CLINICAL education ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Aims: The aim of the study was to examine the association between the characteristics of a nursing student's final clinical practicum and the success of transition of newly graduated nurses (NGNs) in six European countries. Design: A longitudinal design with two data collections points (pre‐ and post‐graduate). Methods: The data were collected with an online survey between May 2018 and April 2020 from graduating nursing students (n = 1796) in Finland, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Lithuania and Spain. Altogether, 642 NGNs responded to the second questionnaire 1 year after graduation. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations between five clinical practicum characteristics and three indicators for the success of transition (ease of transition, turnover intentions and occupational commitment). Models were adjusted for demographic and background/workplace factors and professional competence. Results: Several associations were observed between the different clinical practicum characteristics and the indicators for a successful transition. Good pedagogical atmosphere and good supervisory relationship were associated with higher likelihood of an easy transition. Good leadership style of the ward manager, good premises of nursing care on the ward and a good supervisory relationship were associated with higher occupational commitment. No consistent association with turnover intention was found. Conclusion: Having a good final clinical practicum before graduation can contribute to an easier transition experience for newly NGNs and strengthen their commitment to the nursing profession. Impact: This study adds to the limited existing knowledge about the importance of final clinical practicums in shaping the transition process and occupational commitment of NGNs. Investing in creating a good final practicum experience could help healthcare organizations engage new nursing professionals and thus alleviate the existing shortage of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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28. The Productivity of European Life Insurers: Best-Practice Adoption vs. Innovation.
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Bertoni, Fabio and Croce, Annalisa
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LIFE insurance companies ,INNOVATIONS in business ,DATA envelopment analysis ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the drivers of productivity evolution in the European life insurance industry in the aftermath of the enforcement of the Third Directive. We apply Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to a panel of 602 life insurance companies operating in five European countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the U.K.) between 1997 and 2004 and develop a generalized Malmquist efficiency decomposition to gauge the relative importance of two sources of productivity change: the improvement of best-practices via innovation, and the adoption of practices currently adopted by local or foreign best-in-class insurers. We find that productivity increased on an annual basis by 6.71 per cent; the increase has been mostly due to innovation in best-practices (6.67 per cent), while best-practice adoption contributed by a mere 0.04 per cent. Our findings also indicate that, over the period of our analysis, innovation of best-practices was attributable to technological change. We find no evidence, instead, that productivity has been driven by a shift in the risk profile of insurers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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29. Exploratory comparison of Healthcare costs and benefits of the UK's Covid-19 response with four European countries.
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Thom, Howard, Walker, Josephine, Vickerman, Peter, and Hollingworth, Will
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RESEARCH ,COVID-19 ,MEDICAL care costs ,COST control ,HOSPITAL care ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DEATH ,GOVERNMENT aid ,COVID-19 testing ,QUALITY-adjusted life years ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Background In responding to Covid-19, governments have tried to balance protecting health while minimizing gross domestic product (GDP) losses. We compare health-related net benefit (HRNB) and GDP losses associated with government responses of the UK, Ireland, Germany, Spain and Sweden from UK healthcare payer perspective. Methods We compared observed cases, hospitalizations and deaths under 'mitigation' to modelled events under 'no mitigation' to 20 July 2020. We thus calculated healthcare costs, quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and HRNB at £20,000/QALY saved by each country. On per population (i.e. per capita) basis, we compared HRNB with forecast reductions in 2020 GDP growth (overall or compared with Sweden as minimal mitigation country) and qualitatively and quantitatively described government responses. Results The UK saved 3.17 (0.32–3.65) million QALYs, £33 (8–38) billion healthcare costs and £1416 (220–1637) HRNB per capita at £20,000/QALY. Per capita, this is comparable to £1455 GDP loss using Sweden as comparator and offsets 46.1 (7.1–53.2)% of total £3075 GDP loss. Germany, Spain, and Sweden had greater HRNB per capita. These also offset a greater percentage of total GDP losses per capita. Ireland fared worst on both measures. Countries with more mask wearing, testing, and population susceptibility had better outcomes. Highest stringency responses did not appear to have best outcomes. Conclusions Our exploratory analysis indicates the benefit of government Covid-19 responses may outweigh their economic costs. The extent that HRNB offset economic losses appears to relate to population characteristics, testing levels, and mask wearing, rather than response stringency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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30. Information Technologies in Teacher Education. Issues and Experiences for Countries in Transition. Proceedings of a European Workshop, University of Twente (Enschede, Netherlands, February 20-23, 1994).
- Author
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). and Collis, Betty
- Abstract
This document contains 21 papers from an international workshop designed to facilitate the exchange of ideas concerning the use of information technology in teacher education among experts from Central, Eastern, and Western Europe. The papers include: (1) "Communication and Information Technologies as Change Agents" (Jef Moonen); (2) "In-service Training and Information Technology from a Curriculum Innovation Perspective" (Tjeerd Plomp and Jan van den Akker); (3) "What Do Instructional and Information Technology Contribute to Problems in Teacher Education? Results and the Future" (Sanne Dijkstra and Hein Krammer); (4) "Supporting Teachers and Learners to Design Powerful Learning Environments" (Jules Pieters); (5) "New Possibilities for Teacher Education Through Computer-Based Environments" (Betty Collis); (6) "Perspectives on Teacher Training Related to Information Technology in Central and Eastern European Countries" (Ivan Stanchev and others); (7) "Computer Networks in Teacher Education: Realizations in the Framework of the Pluto Project" (Arno Libotton); (8) "Teacher Education and Communication and Information Technologies: Implications for Faculties of Education" (Bernard Cornu); and (9) "Teacher Education and Communication and Information Technologies: A Reflection on Emerging Possibilities for Collaborative Projects" (Stephen Heppell); (10) "The 'Yale Key' to Progress in Using Communication and Information Technologies: A Case Study About Introducing CIT in a Municipal School System" (Erling Schmidt); (11) "UK Case Study: Communications and Information Technology in UK Teacher Education" (Niki Davis); (12) "TELETEACHING '93: Norwegian Contributions" (Jan Wibe); (13) "Case Study: A European Multimedia Training Network for International Distance Leaning" (Leopold Reif and Stefanie Fisher); (14) "German Experiences with Communication and Information Technology for Updating Teachers in Germany (North-Rhine Westfalia)" (Rudolph Hambusch); (15) "Teacher Training and Information Technologies in Spain: Data, Experiences and Comparisons" (Carlos San Jose); (16) "The Implementation of Communication and Information Technologies in Teacher Education in the Netherlands" (Vim Veen and others); (17) "Not All Birds Are Turtles: Developing Teaching/Learning Environments in Initial Teacher Training at Comenius University" (Ivan Kalas and Andrej Blaho); (18) "Communication and Information Technologies in Teacher Education: The Experience of International Research and Training Center UNESCO/IIP at Glushkov Institute for Cybernetics" (Vladimir Gritsenko and others); (19) "CIT in Teacher Training at the Charles University in Prague: Examples from the Czech Republic" (Miroslava Cernocova and others); (20) "Hungarian Teacher Training" (Kristina Foghtuy and Beno Csapo); and (21) "The Computer: The Medium Stimulating the Development of a Teacher Education Workshop (illustrated by Geography)" (Krzystof Wozniak). (Individual papers contain references.) (JLS)
- Published
- 1995
31. Trends of multimorbidity in 15 European countries: a population-based study in community-dwelling adults aged 50 and over.
- Author
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Souza, Dyego L. B., Oliveras-Fabregas, Albert, Minobes-Molina, Eduard, de Camargo Cancela, Marianna, Galbany-Estragués, Paola, and Jerez-Roig, Javier
- Subjects
COMORBIDITY ,NON-communicable diseases ,DISEASE prevalence ,HEALTH of older people ,DISEASES in older people ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,INDEPENDENT living ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Background: The objective of this work was to analyse the prevalence trends of multimorbidity among European community-dwelling adults.Methods: A temporal series study based on waves 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was conducted, and community-dwelling participants aged 50+ (n = 274,614) from 15 European countries were selected for the period 2004-2017. Prevalence, adjusted by age, Average Annual Percentage Change (APC) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were all calculated. Trend analyses were realised by period, age groups and groups of diseases.Results: The results showed a large variability in the prevalence of multimorbidity in adults aged 50 and over among European countries. Increase in the prevalence of multimorbidity in the countries of central Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany and Switzerland) and Spain in both sexes, and in the Netherlands among men. Stability was observed in northern and eastern European countries. Musculoskeletal and neurodegenerative groups showed more significant changes in the trend analyses.Conclusions: This information can be useful for policy makers when planning health promotion and prevention policies addressing modifiable risk factors in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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32. Exposure to secondhand aerosol of electronic cigarettes in indoor settings in 12 European countries: data from the TackSHS survey.
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Amalia, Beladenta, Xiaoqiu Liu, Lugo, Alessandra, Fu, Marcela, Odone, Anna, van den Brandt, Piet A., Semple, Sean, Clancy, Luke, Soriano, Joan B., Fernández, Esteve, and Gallus, Silvano
- Subjects
AEROSOLS ,INDOOR air pollution ,PASSIVE smoking ,POPULATION geography ,SURVEYS ,CROSS-sectional method ,ELECTRONIC cigarettes ,INHALATION injuries ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Published
- 2021
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33. Systematic literature review of the impact and effectiveness of monovalent meningococcal C conjugated vaccines when used in routine immunization programs.
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Tin Tin Htar, Myint, Jackson, Sally, Balmer, Paul, Serra, Lidia Cristina, Vyse, Andrew, Slack, Mary, Riera-Montes, Margarita, Swerdlow, David L., and Findlow, Jamie
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MENINGOCOCCAL vaccines ,IMMUNIZATION ,MENINGOCOCCAL infections ,VACCINE effectiveness ,BACTERIAL vaccines ,VACCINES ,MEDICAL protocols ,NEISSERIA meningitidis - Abstract
Background: Monovalent meningococcal C conjugate vaccine (MCCV) was introduced into the routine immunization program in many countries in Europe and worldwide following the emergence of meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) in the late 1990s. This systematic literature review summarizes the immediate and long-term impact and effectiveness of the different MCCV vaccination schedules and strategies employed.Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search for peer-reviewed, scientific publications in the databases of MEDLINE (via PubMed), LILACS, and SCIELO. We included studies from countries where MCCV have been introduced in routine vaccination programs and studies providing the impact and effectiveness of MCCV published between 1st January 2001 and 31st October 2017.Results: Forty studies were included in the review; 30 studies reporting impact and 17 reporting effectiveness covering 9 countries (UK, Spain, Italy, Canada, Brazil, Australia, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands). Following MCCV introduction, significant and immediate reduction of MenC incidence was consistently observed in vaccine eligible ages in all countries with high vaccine uptake. The reduction in non-vaccine eligible ages (especially population > 65 years) through herd protection was generally observed 3-4 years following introduction. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was mostly assessed through screening methods and ranged from 38 to 100%. The VE was generally highest during the first year after vaccination and waned over time. The VE was better maintained in countries employing catch-up campaigns in older children and adolescents, compared to routine infant only schedules.Conclusions: MCCV were highly effective, showing a substantial and sustained decrease in MenC invasive meningococcal disease. The epidemiology of meningococcal disease is in constant transition, and some vaccination programs now include adolescents and higher valent vaccines due to the recent increase in cases caused by serogroups not covered by MCCV. Continuous monitoring of meningococcal disease is essential to understand disease evolution in the setting of different vaccination programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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34. The relationship between long working hours and weight gain in older workers in Europe.
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Guner, Umit and Guner, Neslihan
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OBESITY risk factors ,COST of living ,INCOME ,MENTAL health ,PUBLIC health ,RISK assessment ,SURVEYS ,TIME ,WORK ,WEIGHT gain ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ECONOMICS ,MIDDLE age - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Several studies have been performed on the relationship between working conditions and health. Numerous parameters still require further study, including working hours and obesity among different groups, specifically older workers in national, regional, and international levels. OBJECTIVE: Working hours have considerable effects on the socio-cultural, psychological, and economic aspects of people's lives and health. While long working hours increases income level and raises living standards, it increases the risk of certain health problems. This study investigated whether working hours are associated with obesity in upper-middle-aged workers. METHODS: The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) dataset was used for the analyses. Analyses were carried out by means of a Cox regression of the panel dataset created with the data in question, surveyed by European Commission to 12,000 participants. RESULTS: The survey was performed in Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Ireland. We found that in most countries, especially Sweden and the Netherlands, upper-middle-aged employees working > 59 hours per week are more likely to gain weight than their counterparts working < 59 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings raise awareness of obesity in older workers, and highlight the need to regulate working conditions and hours in the European Union and other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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35. Continuing Professional Development for Physical Education Teachers in Europe
- Author
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Tannehill, Deborah, Demirhan, Giyasettin, Caplová, Petra, and Avsar, Züleyha
- Abstract
This paper reports on an investigation examining provision of physical education continuing professional development (CPD) in European countries undertaken to identify the types of practices being employed. We begin by providing a brief overview of what we currently know about CPD internationally in general education and physical education. Data are reported to reflect Parker and Patton's (2017) key characteristics of CPD that highlight effective CPD, summarise current trends and issues in physical education, and are intended to serve as a guide to how teachers learn and how they might be better served in that learning in these European countries. Studying current practices in CPD provision identified in this study provided modest insight to inform teacher education programmes and CPD providers on the current status of physical education CPD currently being employed in Europe. We propose these findings might inform international and comparative education with respect to CPD and set the foundation for physical education colleagues in Europe to develop a CPD network where endeavours such as sharing of CPD practices, engaging in discussion of those practices, and the design of collaborative research on such CPD practices are based.
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- 2021
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36. Nursing homes and mortality in Europe: Uncertain causality.
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Flawinne X, Lefebvre M, Perelman S, Pestieau P, and Schoenmaeckers J
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- Aged, Humans, Europe epidemiology, France, Germany, Spain, Nursing Homes
- Abstract
The current health crisis has particularly affected the elderly population. Nursing homes have unfortunately experienced a relatively large number of deaths. On the basis of this observation and working with European data (from SHARE), we want to check whether nursing homes were lending themselves to excess mortality even before the pandemic. Controlling for a number of important characteristics of the elderly population in and outside nursing homes, we conjecture that the difference in mortality between those two samples is to be attributed to the way nursing homes are designed and organized. Using matching methods, we observe excess mortality in Sweden, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Czech Republic and Estonia but not in the Netherlands, Denmark, Austria, France, Luxembourg, Italy and Spain. This raises the question of the organization and management of these nursing homes, but also of their design and financing., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2023
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37. Exercise-Based Strategies to Prevent Muscle Injury in Male Elite Footballers: An Expert-Led Delphi Survey of 21 Practitioners Belonging to 18 Teams from the Big-5 European Leagues.
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McCall, Alan, Pruna, R., Van der Horst, Nick, Dupont, G., Buchheit, M., Coutts, A. J., Impellizzeri, F. M., Fanchini, M., the EFP-Group, Azzalin, Andrea, Beck, Andreas, Belli, Andrea, Buchheit, Martin, Dupont, Gregory, Fanchini, Maurizio, Ferrari-Bravo, Duccio, Forsythe, Shad, Iaia, Marcello, Kugel, Yann-Benjamin, and Martin, Imanol
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SKELETAL muscle injuries ,SOCCER injury prevention ,MOTOR ability ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SOCCER ,PLYOMETRICS ,STRETCH (Physiology) ,EXERCISE therapy ,CONTENT analysis ,RUNNING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THEMATIC analysis ,DELPHI method ,SPRINTING ,MUSCLE contraction - Abstract
Purpose: To define based on expert opinion and practical experience using a systematic and scientific approach, (1) the perceived most effective exercise-based strategies to prevent muscle injury in elite footballers; and, (2) when and how these exercise programs are prescribed based on the number of days between games i.e. implementation strategy. Methods: A Delphi survey obtained opinions and assessed for agreement. Delphi respondents consisted of 21 experienced sports practitioners (12 ± 5.3 years in elite football and with an academic background) belonging to 18 teams from the Big-5 European football leagues; England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain. Three teams were represented collaboratively by two experts. The Delphi process involves sequential rounds each evolving based on the responses from the previous. The number of rounds is not pre-defined and continues until an agreement is either achieved or it is clear that no agreement will be reached. Frequency of responses was recorded where the agreement was sought (i.e. in closed questions) and an agreement was achieved if ≥ 13/18 (70%) respondents agreed. For open-ended questions, a qualitative content analysis was performed to identify recurring themes and when themes were specified by ≥ 13 (70%), these were also considered as reaching an agreement. Practitioners had the opportunity to raise concerns if they disagreed with the 'agreement from recurrent themes'. Results: There were four Delphi rounds (100% response for each round). Sprinting and High-Speed Running (HSR) focused exercises were agreed as most effective (perceived) to prevent muscle injuries. Eccentric exercise was perceived as the next most effective. It was agreed that sprinting and HSR be integrated into coaches training, and target 100% of players worst-case match scenario (e.g. volume, intensity) based on individual maximum speeds. Eccentric exercise was recommended to be implemented according to the context of the main football session and planned/actual sprinting and HSR content. It was agreed that eccentrics can be performed before or after training, context dependent. The day to perform specific sprinting and HSR or eccentric exercises depended on the proximity of previous and upcoming matches. Other exercises reaching agreement as 'somewhat effective' included concentric and isometric, horizontal and vertical plyometrics, coordination, core and dynamic flexibility in addition to core stability. No agreement was reached for multi-joint, resisted sprinting, kicking or agility exercises nor simultaneous single-leg strength and stability. Finally, no agreement was reached regarding programming variables e.g. sets, repetitions as deemed too contextual. Conclusion: Regarding exercise-based strategies, particular importance agreed by the Delphi expert group was to focus on sprinting, HSR and eccentric exercises, integrated with a variety of other exercise modes which also carry some level of effectiveness in a multidimensional programme. Context was agreed to be key and decision-making about when to undertake/ how to prescribe exercise strategies to be made according to the content of normal football training and the proximity of matches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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38. From job crafting to home crafting: A daily diary study among six European countries.
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Demerouti, Evangelia, Hewett, Rebecca, Haun, Verena, De Gieter, Sara, Rodríguez-Sánchez, Alma, and Skakon, Janne
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AUTONOMY (Psychology) ,EMPLOYEES ,JOB descriptions ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,DIARY (Literary form) - Abstract
The actions that individuals take to proactively craft their jobs are important to help create more meaningful and personally enriching work experiences. But do these proactive behaviors have implications beyond working life? Inspired by the suggestion that individuals aim for a meaningful life we examine whether on days when individuals craft their jobs, they are more likely to craft non-work activities. It also seems likely that characteristics of the home environment moderate these cross-domain relationships. We suggest that crafting crosses domains particularly when individuals gain resources through high autonomy and high workload at home. We partly supported our model through a daily diary study, in which 139 service sector employees from six European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, UK) reported their experiences twice a day for five consecutive workdays. Home autonomy and home workload strengthened the positive relationship between seeking resources at work and at home. Moreover, home autonomy strengthened the positive association between seeking challenges at work and at home, and the negative relation between reducing demands at work and at home. These findings suggest that the beneficial implications of job crafting transcend life boundaries thereby providing advice for how individuals can experience greater meaning in their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
39. Commercial complementary food use amongst European infants and children: results from the EU Childhood Obesity Project.
- Author
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Theurich, Melissa A., Zaragoza-Jordana, Marta, Luque, Veronica, Gruszfeld, Dariusz, Gradowska, Kinga, Xhonneux, Annick, Riva, Enrica, Verduci, Elvira, Poncelet, Pascale, Damianidi, Louiza, Koletzko, Berthold, and Grote, Veit
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AGE distribution ,BABY foods ,BREASTFEEDING ,INFANT formulas ,INGESTION ,CHILDHOOD obesity ,SEX distribution ,SWEETENERS ,SECONDARY analysis ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,HUMAN research subjects ,PATIENT selection ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this secondary analysis is to describe the types of commercial complementary foods (CCF) consumed by infants and young children enrolled in the European Childhood Obesity Project (CHOP), to describe the contribution of CCF to dietary energy intakes and to determine factors associated with CCF use over the first 2 years of life. Methods: The CHOP trial is a multicenter intervention trial in Germany, Belgium, Italy, Poland and Spain that tested the effect of varying levels of protein in infant formula on the risk for childhood obesity. Infants were recruited from October 2002 to June 2004. Dietary data on CCF use for this secondary analysis were taken from weighted, 3-day dietary records from 1088 infants at 9 time points over the first 2 years of life. Results: Reported energy intakes from CCF during infancy (4–9 months) was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.002) amongst formula-fed children compared to breastfed children. Sweetened CCF intakes were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.009) amongst formula-fed infants. Female infants were fed significantly less CCF and infant age was strongly associated with daily CCF intakes, peaking at 9 months of age. Infants from families with middle- and high-level of education were fed significantly less quantities of CCF compared to infants with parents with lower education. Sweetened CCF were very common in Spain, Italy and Poland, with over 95% of infants and children fed CCF at 9 and 12 months of age consuming at least one sweetened CCF. At 24 months of age, 68% of the CHOP cohort were still fed CCF. Conclusions: CCF comprised a substantial part of the diets of this cohort of European infants and young children. The proportion of infants being fed sweetened CCF is concerning. More studies on the quality of commercial complementary foods in Europe are warranted, including market surveys on the saturation of the Western European market with sweetened CCF products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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40. 12‐hr shifts in nursing: Do they remove unproductive time and information loss or do they reduce education and discussion opportunities for nurses? A cross‐sectional study in 12 European countries.
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Dall'Ora, Chiara, Griffiths, Peter, Emmanuel, Talia, Rafferty, Anne Marie, Ewings, Sean, Sermeus, Walter, Van den Heede, Koen, Bruyneel, Luk, Lesaffre, Emmanuel, Aiken, Linda, Smith, Herbert, Sloane, Douglas, Marie Rafferty, Anne, Jones, Simon, Ball, Jane, Kinnunen, Juha, Ensio, Anneli, Jylhä, Virpi, Busse, Reinhard, and Zander, Britta
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COMMUNICATION ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CONTINUUM of care ,HOSPITALS ,MEDICAL quality control ,NURSES ,NURSING ,CONTINUING education of nurses ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,REGRESSION analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SHIFT systems ,PEER relations ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software ,STATISTICAL models ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Aims and objectives: To examine the association between registered nurses' (referred to as "nurses" for brevity) shifts of 12 hr or more and presence of continuing educational programmes; ability to discuss patient care with other nurses; assignments that foster continuity of care; and patient care information being lost during handovers. Background: The introduction of long shifts (i.e., shifts of 12 hr or more) remains controversial. While there are claims of efficiency, studies have shown long shifts to be associated with adverse effects on quality of care. Efficiency claims are predicated on the assumption that long shifts reduce overlaps between shifts; these overlaps are believed to be unproductive and dangerous. However, there are potentially valuable educational and communication activities that occur during these overlaps. Design: Cross‐sectional survey of 31,627 nurses within 487 hospitals in 12 European countries. Methods: The associations were measured through generalised linear mixed models. The study methods were compliant with the STROBE checklist. Results: When nurses worked shifts of 12 hr or more, they were less likely to report having continuing educational programmes; and time to discuss patient care with other nurses, compared to nurses working 8 hr or less. Nurses working shifts of 12 hr or more were less likely to report assignments that foster continuity of care, albeit the association was not significant. Similarly, working long shifts was associated with reports of patient care information being lost during handovers, although association was not significant. Conclusion: Working shifts of 12 hr or more is associated with reduced educational activities and fewer opportunities to discuss patient care, with potential negative consequences for safe and effective care. Relevance to clinical practice: Implementation of long shifts should be questioned, as reduced opportunity to discuss care or participate in educational activities may jeopardise the quality and safety of care for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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41. Interprofessional collaboration between residential child care and mental care practitioners: a cross-country study in six European countries.
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Timonen-Kallio, Eeva
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CHILD care ,CHILD welfare ,COMMUNICATION ,INTEGRATED health care delivery ,INTELLECT ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,MENTAL health services ,PROFESSIONAL ethics ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIAL case work ,WORLD health ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,SOCIAL boundaries ,RESIDENTIAL care - Abstract
Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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42. Power Distance and Physician–Nurse Collegial Relations Across 14 European Countries: National Culture is Not Merely a Nuisance Factor in International Comparative Research.
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Bruyneel, Luk, Lesaffre, Emmanuel, Meuleman, Bart, and Sermeus, Walter
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CHI-squared test ,COMPARATIVE studies ,STATISTICAL correlation ,CULTURE ,FACTOR analysis ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,MASCULINITY ,NURSE-physician relationships ,NURSES' attitudes ,POPULATION geography ,POWER (Social sciences) ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SOCIAL skills ,SURVEYS ,WORK environment ,ETHNOLOGY research ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Purpose: This study illustrates the huge untapped potential of quantifying the impact of culture in making meaningful comparisons across groups. Our focus is on cross‐national differences in nurses' reports of their relations with physicians, and how the measurement of this complex construct and the evaluation of true differences are related to dimensions of national culture. Design: We examine across 14 European countries the association between indices of national culture from the seminal work of Hofstede and 39,435 nurses' ratings of their relations with physicians. Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate strong factorial invariance across countries and to examine the influence of power distance and masculinity. Findings: There was wide variation across countries in nurses' reports of their relations with physicians. Strong factorial invariance was shown for a one‐factor model, which confirmed that across countries the seven survey items measure a common factor of physician‐nurse relations. This model showed no country bias for any of the seven survey items, which suggests that differences across countries reflect true differences. These true differences were significantly associated with variation in country values of power distance, which showed a significant negative correlation with physician–nurse relations. Conclusions: Continuously pursuing a better understanding of characteristics that impact the studied indicators, such as national culture, is elementary to better understand the construct under study. In this application, country values of power distance negatively impacted nurse‐reported relations with physicians, which strongly varied across countries. Clinical Relevance: Better nurse‐reported relations between nurses and physicians link to higher nurse job satisfaction, lower emotional exhaustion, better nurse‐perceived quality of care, and lower patient mortality. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index is an excellent instrument to characterize variation in working relations between nurses and physicians as well as physicians' professional posture towards nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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43. Cultural effects on neurodevelopmental testing in children from six European countries: an analysis of NUTRIMENTHE Global Database.
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Pérez-García, Miguel, Luna, Juan de Dios, Torres-Espínola, Francisco J., Martínez-Zaldívar, Cristina, Anjos, Tania, Steenweg-de Graaff, Jolien, Weber, Martina, Grote, Veit, Gruszfeld, Dariusz, Verduci, Elvira, Poncelet, Pascale, Escribano, Joaquín, Tiemeier, Henning, Koletzko, Berthold, and Campoy, Cristina
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CULTURAL pluralism ,CHILD development ,DELIVERY (Obstetrics) ,DIET ,GESTATIONAL age ,MATERNAL age ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,SEX distribution ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Cultural background is an important variable influencing neuropsychological performance. Multinational projects usually involve gathering data from participants from different countries and/or different cultures. Little is known about the influence of culture on neuropsychological testing results in children and especially in European children. The objectives of this study were to compare neuropsychological performance of children from six European countries (Belgium, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland and Spain) using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and to apply a statistical procedure to reduce the influence of country/cultural differences in neuropsychological performance. As expected, the results demonstrated differences in neuropsychological performance among children of the six countries involved. Cultural differences remained after adjusting for other confounders related to neuropsychological execution, such as sex, type of delivery, maternal age, gestational age and maternal educational level. Differences between countries disappeared and influence of culture was considerably reduced when standardised scores by country and sex were used. These results highlight the need for developing specific procedures to compare neuropsychological performance among children from different cultures to be used in multicentre studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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44. The effect of diet on the physical and mental development of children: views of parents and teachers in four European countries.
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Egan, Bernadette, Gage, Heather, Williams, Peter, Brands, Brigitte, Györei, Eszter, López-Robles, Juan-Carlos, Campoy, Cristina, Decsi, Tamas, Koletzko, Berthold, and Raats, Monique
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ACADEMIC achievement evaluation ,CHILD development ,COGNITIVE testing ,DIET ,INTERNET ,PARENT-child relationships ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,REGRESSION analysis ,SMOKING ,TEACHER-student relationships ,BODY movement ,PARENT attitudes ,HEALTH literacy ,COLLEGE teacher attitudes - Abstract
Although the impact of diet on physical health is an important public health issue, less attention has been devoted to the relationship between nutrition and children's mental development. The views of parents and teachers about the extent to which diet affects physical and mental development of children were compared in four European countries. An online questionnaire (developed in English and translated) was circulated through a market research agency. Participants were parents or teachers of children aged 4–10 years without learning or behavioural issues. Questionnaires were returned by 1606 parents (401 in England, Germany and Hungary; 403 in Spain) and 403 teachers (100 in each country, except for 103 in Hungary). Teachers were older than parents (35·3 % v. 18·3 % over 45 years; P <0·001) and less likely to smoke (15·9 % v. 26·3 %, P <0·001). There was no difference between the proportions of parents and teachers who felt that a child's physical development depended very much/extremely (v. moderately/slightly/not at all) on diet (overall 79·8 %). Lower proportions of both groups thought that mental development was very much/extremely influenced by diet (67·4 %). In the regression modelling, believing that physical and mental performance was greatly influenced by diet was significantly and positively associated with living in Hungary, scoring higher on a measure of General Health Interest and (parents only) level of education attained. Differences existed among countries in most views. Lower levels of awareness of the importance of diet for brain development and cognition (compared with physical health outcomes) indicate the potential for educating consumers, especially parents with lower educational attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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45. Supply-Side Antecedents of Dropout Rates in MBA Programs
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Iglesias, Víctor, Entrialgo, Montserrat, and Müller, Frank
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The purpose of this paper is to carry out an empirical examination of the supply-side factors influencing dropout rates in MBA programs. We analyze the extent to which the resources and characteristics of the program (content, teaching methodology, course load, class size, partnerships, reputation) influence these rates. A GLM analysis was conducted on data obtained from a final sample of 94 executive MBA programs in Western Europe. The results indicate that several supply side factors significantly affect dropout: intensity of case study learning, number of credits per month, class size, and proportion of lessons given at partner institutions. Several implications for the design and management of higher education programs have been drawn from this research.
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- 2020
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46. Gender differences in common mental disorders: a comparison of social risk factors across four European welfare regimes.
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Velde, Sarah Van de, Boyd, Anders, Villagut, Gemma, Alonso, Jordi, Bruffaerts, Ronny, Graaf, Ron De, Florescu, Silvia, Haro, Josep, and Kovess-Masfety, Viviane
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MENTAL illness risk factors ,PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,AFFECTIVE disorders ,EMPLOYMENT ,MARITAL status ,SEX distribution ,STATISTICS ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,COMMUNITY support ,WELL-being ,ANXIETY disorders ,DISEASE prevalence ,ALCOHOL-induced disorders ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Background Decreasing gender differences in mental health are found largely in countries in which the roles of men and women have improved in terms of opportunities for employment, education, child care and other indicators of increasing gender equality. In this study, we examine how European welfare regimes influence this association between mental health and the social roles that men and women occupy. Methods The EU-World Mental Health data are used, which covers the general population in 10 European countries (n = 37 289); Countries were grouped into four welfare regions: Liberal regime (Northern Ireland), Bismarckian regime (Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and France), Southern regime (Spain, Italy, Portugal) and Central-Eastern regime (Romania and Bulgaria). The lifetime prevalence of mood, anxiety and alcohol disorders was determined by using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. Overall prevalence rates along with odds ratios by means of bivariate logistic regression models are calculated to compare the presence of common mental disorders in women versus men per welfare regime. Results Overall prevalence of common mental disorders is highest in the Liberal regime and lowest in the Central/Eastern regime. The gender gap in mental disorders is largest in the Southern regime and smallest in the Liberal regime. Marital status and certain employment positions help to explain variation in mental disorders across and within welfare regimes. Conclusion Most prominent pathways linking gender to mental ill-health being are related to marital status and certain employment positions. However, these pathways also show substantial variation across welfare regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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47. Role of employment-related inequalities in young adults' life satisfaction: A comparative study in five European welfare state regimes.
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Vancea, Mihaela, Shore, Jennifer, and Utzet, Mireia
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UNEMPLOYMENT & psychology ,EMPLOYMENT ,COMPARATIVE studies ,JOB security ,PUBLIC welfare ,SATISFACTION ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,GOVERNMENT policy ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,DISEASE prevalence ,CROSS-sectional method ,ADULTS ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Aims: There is evidence that young people are less satisfied with their lives when they are unemployed or working in precarious conditions. This study aims to shed light on how the life satisfaction of unemployed and precariously employed young people varies across welfare states with different labour market policies and levels of social protection. Methods: The analyses are based on representative cross-sectional survey data from five European countries (Denmark, the UK, Germany, Spain and the Czech Republic), corresponding to five different welfare state regimes. For economically active young adults (N =6681), the prevalence ratios of low life satisfaction were estimated through multivariate logistic regressions. Results: In all five countries, unemployed young adults presented a higher prevalence of low life satisfaction. When we compared employees with people with permanent and temporary contracts, the former were more satisfied with their lives only in Germany and the UK, examples of conservative and liberal welfare regimes, respectively. Experience of unemployment decreased young adults' life satisfaction only in Germany and the Czech Republic, examples of a conservative and an eastern European welfare regime, respectively. In almost all countries, young adults with low economic self-sufficiency presented a higher prevalence of low life satisfaction. Conclusions: There are nuanced patterns of employment type and life satisfaction across European states that hint at welfare state regimes as possible moderators in this relationship. The results suggest that the psychological burdens of unemployment or work uncertainty cannot be overlooked and should be addressed according to different types of social provisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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48. Outcomes of International Student Mobility Programs: A Systematic Review and Agenda for Future Research
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Roy, Achinto, Newman, Alexander, Ellenberger, Tori, and Pyman, Amanda
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Scholarly studies of international student mobility programs have increased during the last two decades, particularly following the Bologna Declaration. Nevertheless, a systematic review of international student mobility programs and the outcomes and benefits derived from participation in such programs has not been undertaken. This paper provides a comprehensive review of studies examining the various outcomes of student participation in short-term international mobility programs and identifies under-researched areas such as employment and career outcomes. A future research agenda based on the review is outlined, along with recommendations for improving research designs in order to increase our understanding of the short- and long-term outcomes of international student mobility programs.
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- 2019
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49. Prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity in older adults from 10 European countries from 2005 to 2013.
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Peralta, Miguel, Ramos, Madalena, Lipert, Anna, Martins, João, and Marques, Adilson
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AGE distribution ,AGING ,BODY weight ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,OBESITY ,RETIREMENT ,SELF-evaluation ,SEX distribution ,STATURE ,SURVEYS ,BODY mass index ,LIFESTYLES ,ADULTS - Abstract
Aims: Overweight and obesity are clinical public-health concerns worldwide. Amongst older adults, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is considered high. The purpose of this study was to provide current data regarding the prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity of adults from 2005 to 2013 in 10 European countries. Methods: The data used in the present study were derived from the first, second, fourth and fifth waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The present study includes individuals aged ⩾50 years from 10 European countries. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported height and weight (kg/m
2 ). Results: The general prevalence of overweight (BMI ⩾25 kg/m2 ) was slightly above 60% and remained stable between 2005 (60.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 59.3–60.9%) and 2013 (60.3%, 95% CI: 59.7–60.9%). On the other hand, the prevalence of obesity (BMI ⩾30 kg/m2 ) increased significantly (1.6 points, 95% CI: 0.7–2.6) from 17.5% in 2005 to 19.2% in 2013. Although the prevalence of obesity increased in most countries, the only significant increase was observed in Germany (5.8 points, 95% CI: 1.8–9.9). Spain was the only country where the prevalence of obesity decreased significantly (−4.7 points, 95% CI: −8.8 to −0.5). Sex and age differences are reported. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of overweight was stable, the prevalence of obesity rose. Based on the data currently available for Europe, the prevalence of obesity in European older adults has already reached epidemic proportions, which reinforces the need for the development of effective healthy lifestyle programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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50. Down with the Walls! The Politics of Place in Spanish and German Urban Extension Planning, 1848-1914.
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Ross, Anna
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URBAN planning ,PLACE (Philosophy) ,URBAN history ,CITIES & towns ,PHOTOGRAPHY of cities & towns ,HISTORY ,HISTORY of urban planning - Abstract
The article discusses the urban planning and extension of cities in Germany and Spain between 1848 and 1914, focusing particularly on how such improvements enhanced the perceptions and politics of place. Cities discussed include the Spanish cities of Barcelona, Madrid, and Valencia, as well as the German cities of Berlin, Munich, and Cologne. Topics include the influence of Paris, France city planner Georges-Eugène Haussmann on other European cities, the revolutions of 1848 and other uprisings, and photography of cityscapes.
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- 2018
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