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Virus infection is one of the major constraints in garlic production since the viruses are readily accumulated on vegetative propagation material (bulbs). This research aimed to detect garlic common latent virus (GCLV), shallot latent virus (SLV), onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), and leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) infecting local garlic as seed bulb and imported garlic as consumption bulb. Seed bulb samples were obtained from seed breeders in several garlic growing centers in Indonesia. In contrast, consumption bulb samples were obtained from plant quarantine warehouses and three local markets in Bogor. Some bulb samples were used for morphological observations, and some were germinated in the laboratory until the leaves emerged. Leaves were collected for virus detection by RT-PCR using specific primers for GCLV, SLV, OYDV, and LYSV. Seed and consumption bulbs have differences in their morphological characteristics, especially in the type of neck hardness and the size of the bulb diameter. OYDV and LYSV infections were successfully detected in seed and consumption bulbs, while SLV was only found in consumption bulbs. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that SLV from consumption bulbs formed one group, GCLV from seed bulbs formed one group, while OYDV and LYSV from seed and consumption bulbs were in different groups, indicating that the viruses came from different strains. Further research through high-throughput detection methods and providing virus-free planting material are needed to anticipate the spread of new strains of garlic viruses in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at identifying and characterizing the bacteria and fungi present in white edible bird's nests with purple and pink discoloration in contrast to unaltered products. Samples were collected from raw material warehouses of various factories in Indonesia. Subsequently, the material was investigated for the presence of fungi and bacteria using culture and biomolecular identification methods. Additionally, bacterial resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamycin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, and oxacillin was determined. Three coagulase-negative staphylococci strains were isolated, including Mammaliicoccus sciuri, Staphylococcus saprophyticus , and S. arlettae , as well as two Aspergillus fumigatus strains. Oxacillin resistance was found for M. sciuri, S. saprophyticus , and S. arlettae. The bacterial and fungal species isolated from white edible bird's nests with pink and purple discoloration were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. Therefore, this study might help ensure microbiological safety in the edible bird's nest industry and improve food safety surveillance. Finally, this work is the first to show the presence of S. arlettae in edible bird's nests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Automotive Industry is one of the business lines affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The pandemic causes instability in the Indonesian economy from demand and sales. The supply chain is a long process consisting of parties involved directly or indirectly in fulfilling customer needs: suppliers, manufacturers, shipping, warehouses, checking, and the customers themselves. In an increasingly dynamic and volatile global environment, various events threaten to disrupt supply chain operational activities. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused supply chain management to be very vulnerable due to closing access and lockdown policy. Therefore, the designed supply chain system must withstand disruptions and recover quickly at a minimal cost. Supply Chain Resilience (SCR) is the ability of the supply chain to survive, adapt, and overcome operational disruptions that can damage the supply chain system so that the supply chain can quickly recover from disruptions and reconstruct the supply chain to be stronger than before. SCR has attributes that enable companies to anticipate and overcome disruptions. The Automotive Industry in Indonesia needs to identify what capabilities have been or will be used to anticipate supply chain disruptions which are then quantified to find out which capabilities have the most effect on increasing supply chain resilience. The method used in this study is DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial And Evaluation Laboratory) - ANP (Analytic Network Process) based, which can visualize causal relationships between factors through a cause-and-effect diagram and show the extent to which these factors influence each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in seed lipid composition during ageing are associated with seed viability loss in many plant species. However, due to their small seed size, this has not been previously explored in orchids. We characterized and compared the seed viability and fatty acid profiles of five orchid species before and after ageing: one tropical epiphytic orchid from Indonesia (Dendrobium strebloceras), and four temperate species from New Zealand, D. cunninghamii (epiphytic), and Gastrodia cunninghamii, Pterostylis banksii and Thelymitra nervosa (terrestrial).Seeds were aged under controlled laboratory conditions (3‐month storage at 60% RH and 20 °C). Seed viability was tested before and after ageing using tetrazolium chloride staining. Fatty acid methyl esters from fresh and aged seeds were extracted through trans‐esterification, and then analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.All species had high initial viability (>80%) and experienced significant viability loss after ageing. The saturated, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and total fatty acid content decreased with ageing in all species, but this reduction was only significant for D. strebloceras, D. cunninghamii and G. cunninghamii.Our results suggest that fatty acid degradation is a typical response to ageing in orchids, albeit with species variation in magnitude, but the link between fatty acid degradation and viability was not elucidated. Pterostylis banksii exemplified this variation; it showed marked viability loss despite not having a significant reduction in its fatty acid content after ageing. More research is required to identify the effect of ageing on fatty acid composition in orchids, and its contribution to seed viability loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors influencing Indonesian farmers' use of the warehouse receipt system (WRS) and their choice of private and public warehouses. Design/methodology/approach: Primary data were collected through questionnaires administered to 500 farmers in two districts, Subang and Cianjur, in West Java Province in Indonesia. Binary logit regression was employed to examine the factors influencing farmers' use of the WRS. Binary and bivariate probit regressions were employed to determine the factors influencing farmers' choice of private and public warehouses. Findings: The empirical results of the binary logit regression revealed that age, land ownership, selling price, the use of the warehouse receipt as collateral security and the availability of transportation facility positively influenced farmers' use of the WRS, whereas education, income, farm profit and participation in farmers' group negatively influenced farmers' use of the WRS. The results of the binary probit regressions revealed that profit, availability of insurance and processing facility positively influenced the farmers' decision to use the private WRS, whereas education, production, selling price and distance from the farm to the warehouse negatively influenced farmers' decision to use the private WRS. Age, education, selling price and distance from the farm to the warehouse positively influenced the farmers' decision to use the public WRS, whereas production and availability of processing facility negatively influenced the decision of farmers to use the public WRS. Practical implications: This study highlights the importance of education and government assistance regarding the provision of facilities and price indemnified insurance for successful implementation of the WRS. Originality/value: This study provides an empirical contribution to the existing literature on the development of WRS in Indonesia. In terms of methods of analysis, previous studies used purely qualitative and descriptive methods, whereas this study employed econometric techniques (i.e. binary logit, binary probit and bivariate probit regressions) to examine the WRS in Indonesia. In addition, whereas previous studies explored the WRS in general, this study investigated the farmers' use of the public and private warehouses in addition to exploring the WRS in general. Finally, the finding that the average annual profit of non-users was significantly higher than that of the users of the WRS is striking, and this could be attributed to the current challenges of the implementation of the WRS, including high transportation and warehouse rental costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Langsat is a specific potential of tropical fruit, especially in the Southeast Asia region. The center of distribution this species in Indonesia is Sumatra region, including the Siberut Island. There are some local germplasms (landraces) of langsat from Siberut Island namely Seccet, Siamung, Telu toru gokgok, Elakmata, and Langsat padang. Analysis of genetic diversity and genetic divergence is very important for sustainable utilizing of this tropical fruit. Based on analyzed of fourteen accessions of langsat using ITS and MatK markers indicated that landrace of langsat from Siberut Island had the higher diversity of haplotypes (ITS, Hd = 0.95; MatK, Hd = 0.80) compared to those of the Sumatran mainland (ITS, Hd = 0.85; MatK, Hd = 0.28). Based on the phylogenetic trees of fourteen accessions analyzed showed that the accessions of langsat from Siberut Island were separated from accessions of Sumatran mainland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia is currently focusing on building logistics infrastructure to facilitate the distribution of logistics to all regions in Indonesia. The Distribution of logistics to each area requires an electronically connected warehouse so that information about goods in the warehouse can be monitored continuously. There are some problems with one of the logistics companies because the existing warehouse management technology is not sufficient enough, so the complex warehouse functions do not become dynamic. One of the solutions to solve the problem need to use RFID technology, conveyor belt, and robotic arm by using an Arduino microcontroller. This research uses Design Science Research Methodology which focuses on developing and improving the model performance of a system and using the prototyping model for system development. The test results state that the built system works well because it could lift, identify and sort goods by type. So, this research could answer the problem that happened at the warehouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]