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Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources (IJNPR) is a publication of the CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR). This study makes a bibliometric assessment of the papers published in the journal from 2010 to 2020. The data was collected from the website of the journal and was analysed using MS Excel. The bibliometric assessment examines the nature and distribution of documents by their types, the geographical distribution of the papers by countries, Indian states, institutions, and authors and the impact of their productivity as reflected by the citation indicators. In addition, the trend in authorship, citations and national and international collaboration was also examined. A total of 587 documents were published during the study period, of which the majority were original research articles. Analysis revealed that during the study period, contributions from 35 countries including India were published in the journal. Maximum contributions from India were from the state of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The study also found that only a small number of papers didn’t receive any citations but a substantial number of papers (17.7%) received 6-10 citations and about 1.7% of papers received 100 or more citations. Most of the highly cited papers were reviews. The multi-authored articles were predominant, whereas the least contribution was by single authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Critical appraisal of published research papers is routinely conducted as a journal club (JC) activity in pharmacology departments of various medical colleges across Maharashtra, and it forms an important part of their postgraduate curriculum. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of pharmacology postgraduate students and teachers toward use of critical appraisal as a reinforcing tool for research methodology. Evaluation of performance of the in-house pharmacology postgraduate students in the critical appraisal activity constituted secondary objective of the study. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in two parts. In Part I, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based evaluation on perception toward critical appraisal activity was carried out among pharmacology postgraduate students and teachers. In Part II of the study, JC score sheets of 2nd- and 3rd-year pharmacology students over the past 4 years were evaluated. Results: One hundred and twenty-seven postgraduate students and 32 teachers participated in Part I of the study. About 118 (92.9%) students and 28 (87.5%) faculties considered the critical appraisal activity to be beneficial for the students. JC score sheet assessments suggested that there was a statistically significant improvement in overall scores obtained by postgraduate students (n = 25) in their last JC as compared to the first JC. Conclusion: Journal article criticism is a crucial tool to develop a research attitude among postgraduate students. Participation in the JC activity led to the improvement in the skill of critical appraisal of published research articles, but this improvement was not educationally relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical progress has a tremendous potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by reducing energy consumption, a major concern across production units. However, the existing empirical literature concerning technical efficiency and carbon intensity is scanty. Thus, this paper examines the relationship between technical efficiency and carbon intensity for the organized manufacturing sector of two states, Maharashtra and Odisha, and the all-India level from 2001 to 2018. The paper uses data envelopment analysis to estimate technical efficiency scores. It applies the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 1 methodology for estimating carbon intensity for each 3-digit manufacturing industry in all three sample cases. The study has used static panel regression and fractional logit regression techniques to examine the deterministic relationship between technical efficiency and carbon intensity. The result shows that technical efficiency is highly sensitive to carbon intensity in the Indian manufacturing industries. The findings also addressed that the size of the industries also reduces the technical performance of manufacturing units. This paper also confirmed that increased profit could boost the Indian manufacturing industries' technical efficiency. Thus, this study addresses that carbon intensity as a proxy for the manufacturing sector's potential to affect climate change plays a crucial role in explaining the technical efficiency variations across industries. Thus, it calls for better policies aimed at reducing the emissions of industries specifically to achieve sustainable growth for the Indian manufacturing sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Essential herbs such as garlic, ginger, and cardamom have shown antimicrobial activity with no potential adverse effects and are cost-effective. Despite these advantages, the efficacy of these agents needs to be tested against common oral pathogenic microorganisms to ensure that if found effective, they can be used in clinical settings. Aim: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of garlic, ginger, and cardamom oils on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) against chlorhexidine. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted at Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, in the Department of Microbiology and Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India from January 2023 to September 2023. Oil extracts of garlic, ginger, and cardamom were loaded onto sterile filter paper discs measuring 6 mm in diameter in concentrations of 50 µL, 100 µL, and 200 µL. Additionally, 2% chlorhexidine (control group) was loaded onto similar sterile paper discs. The discs were dried and placed aseptically on culture media plates inoculated with S. mutans, and the plates were then incubated at 37°C overnight. Subsequently, the zones of inhibition were measured in millimeters. Results: Ginger oil exhibited the highest zone of inhibition, measuring 25 mm, followed by cardamom oil and garlic oil measuring 18 mm and 12 mm, respectively, at a concentration of 200 µL. The zone of inhibition measured for 100 µL concentrations of garlic, ginger, and cardamom oils were 7 mm, 16 mm, and 13 mm, respectively. For 50 µL concentrations of the oils, the zones of inhibition for garlic, ginger, and cardamom were 0 mm, 13 mm, and 9 mm, respectively. The zone of inhibition shown by chlorhexidine was 22 mm for concentrations of 50 µL, 100 µL, and 200 µL. Conclusion: Essential oil extracts from ginger, cardamom, and garlic were found to have antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, with ginger oil showing the highest effectiveness, followed by cardamom oil and garlic oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr R. G. Sonkawade is an Indian professor, Department of Physics Shivaji University, Kolhapur and Advisor cum OSD to Minister, Higher and Technical Education, Govt. of Maharashtra. Former dean, Medical Physicist and Scientist, the authors studied characteristic features, pattern and citation impact of the well-known Indian scientist and professor's scientific research works. At his 20 years of research publishing career, He had 191 publications during 1998 - 2019 in various domains and present study was analysed 90 research publications based on SCOPUS database. The study categorizes and presents the data according to year-wise contribution, authorship pattern, collaborators & degree of collaboration, preferred journals for communication, country-wise publications, top cited authors, citation history, citation impact and highly Prolific Keywords. Thus, it is suggested that 'Scientometric Portrait' is the suitable phrase for the studies on scientists and 'Informetric Portrait' for the studies pertaining to researchers in other domains such as arts, humanities, and social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR)‐based models which use the Bayesian approach to regression analysis problem such as load forecasting (LF) are proposed. The GPR is a non‐parametric kernel‐based learning method having the ability to provide correct predictions with uncertainty in measurements. The proposed model provides an hourly and monthly load forecast for an Australian city and four Indian cities in the Maharashtra state. Twelve GPR models are trained with historical datasets including hourly load and environmental data. To evaluate the trained model, the actual and predicted load demand curve is plotted and mean average percentage error (MAPE) is calculated corresponding to different kernel functions of the GPR model. To the best of the author's knowledge, the prediction of load demand using GPR for Indian cities of Maharashtra state has been made for the first time. The calculated MAPE in LF is 0.15% for Australia and 0.002%, 0.209%, 0.077%, and 0.140% for Indian cities viz. Nasik, Bhusawal, Kolhapur, and Aurangabad, respectively. The test results illustrate that minimum MAPE in load prediction is obtained using the proposed model that is GPR with 'Exponential' kernel functions. Furthermore, the comparative analysis with the existing approaches confirms the dominance of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper investigates the role of the State Government of Maharashtra, the Central Government of India, and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in the context of watershed management. Watershed management is crucial for addressing waterrelated challenges and ensuring sustainable development. The paper delves into the policies, initiatives, and institutional frameworks implemented by the State Government, highlighting successful projects and acknowledging the challenges faced in watershed management. The Central Government's contributions, including schemes, funding, and a national perspective, are examined, with a focus on the impact on Maharashtra. NGOs play a pivotal role in community mobilization, technical expertise, and innovation. Community participation, stakeholder engagement, and technological interventions, such as GIS and remote sensing, are explored. Environmental and socioeconomic impacts, including improved water quality and enhanced livelihoods, are assessed through case studies. Ongoing challenges, recommendations for improvement, and future directions for research and innovation are identified. The paper concludes by emphasizing the collaborative role of the State Government, Central Government, NGOs, and local communities in achieving sustainable watershed management in Maharashtra, calling for continued cooperation to address evolving challenges and foster resilient watersheds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the negotiation strategies adopted by widows (women whose farmer husbands have committed suicides) in Wardha district, Maharashtra, India1 . Agrarian crisis manifested in ‘suicides of farmers’, has rendered ‘widow farmers’ into ‘vulnerable within the vulnerable’ category, thereby placing them at high risk. The paper drawing from global south literature argues that the widow farmers develop negotiation strategies to deal with the structural inequalities as a result of agrarian distress. What then is the nature of the distress? One, it occurs at the level of everyday practices of livelihood, where the widow farmers deal with non-viable agrarian conditions, by developing short and long terms coping mechanisms to deal with the crises under extreme economic hardships. Two, the widow farmers constantly devise strategies to deal with her identity of a ‘single widow mother/worker’ using the ‘legitimized patriarchal codes’ of accepted behaviour, in a highly entrenched patriarchal agrarian structure, that perceives the state of widowhood as ‘stigmatised’ and that of ‘single women’ as exposed and abandoned and thus need to be regulated. Through the analysis of the coping mechanisms and negotiation strategies the paper establishes that the widow farmers constantly engage with the structural inequalities of economy and challenges of identity, by using the ‘patriarchal codes’ available to them. In this process the women not only accept and adhere but also question and confront patriarchy; thereby reinforcing and reconfiguring patriarchy simultaneously. The paper concludes by stating that widow farmers constantly push the boundaries and negotiate for their ‘spaces’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the emerging dynamics of formal and informal employment in the context of Maharashtra. Using the unit-level records from the recently published Employment and Unemployment Surveys (EUS) of the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) in 2011–12 and various rounds of Periodical Labour Force Surveys (PLFSs), we examine the nature and patterns of formal and informal employment. Also, we investigate the role of personal, household, and labour market characteristics in shaping the dichotomy between formal and informal employment in Maharashtra. The findings of the paper suggest that the wage gap between formal and informal employment is greatly influenced by individual and employment characteristics such as gender, marital status, years of schooling, technical education, vocational training, work experience, and industry of work. In addition, the paper also finds evidence for the marginalisation of women from the labour market, the enormous size of women in unpaid domestic duties, the lack of adequate coverage of formal employment in the rural sector, wage disparity, and the burgeoning size of informal employment. From a policy perspective, the paper suggests fostering inclusive economic growth by facilitating greater participation of women in the labour market and increasing the coverage of formal employment, which is crucial for attaining a decent living standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial inclusion (FI) relates to the access and availability of financial services to society, especially in low-income groups. FI is pivotal in achieving 7 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper explores the level of FI in the rural areas of Maharashtra and measures the impact of FI on the social conditions of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) prevalent in these areas. The study is based on a 424 SHGs survey conducted in the Pune, Thane, and Palghar districts of Maharashtra, India. The impact of FI on SHGs is evaluated using a Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results of the study show that physical banking services, Business Facilitators (BFs), and Business Correspondents (BCs) improve the social conditions of rural SHGs. Additionally, BCs and BFs mediate the relationship between physical banking services and social conditions. The study also reveals an insignificant association between BCs and BFs and insurance services. The present study highlights the importance of increasing the awareness of insurance policies through financial literacy programs and making timely availability and accessibility of BCs and BFs to enhance financial inclusion in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green hydrogen can be the transitional solution required to reduce anthropogenic emissions and enhance energy independency from fossil fuel. To improve green hydrogen adoption, a cluster-based infrastructure, called a hydrogen hub, is devised taking into account the demand-supply interplay coupled with transport ease. In this paper, we have identified sites across states that are conducive for hydrogen hubs. It involves a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) framework deployed to assign priorities within competing set of criteria. A comprehensive analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used to rank criteria that are connected to establish a functioning hydrogen hub. These criteria include, but not limited to, proximity to refineries, fertilizer plants, substations, chlor-alkali units, steel manufacturing plants, water availability, access to gas pipelines, railway line access, and finally distance to highways. Our analyses indicate that proximity to refineries and fertilizers scored higher (scores directly proportional to importance) while railway line access scored the least. These prioritised scores are used to spatially locate sites using geographical information system. In a total of thirteen states identified, Gujarat had the largest parcel of most suitable land for setting up hydrogen hub followed by Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. For India to set up a functioning hydrogen economy and achieve green hydrogen goals, it is important to identify states that can drive the agenda forward. This paper illustrates a way (amongst many available ways) to identify states based on their strength and capability to fulfil the national goal of 5 million tons of green hydrogen by 2030. • The paper addresses setting up of green hydrogen hubs in India based on a multi-criteria site selection framework. • Nine selection criteria covering aspects of hydrogen ecosystem proposed to identify site(s) suitable for hydrogen hubs. • Integration of AHP and GIS is used to ascertain land parcels where hydrogen economy can sustain across states in India. • Zones in 13 states were identified as potential hydrogen hubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Household chores are one of the most essential aspects of each individual's daily routine. The author has observed people from middle and upper socioeconomic backgrounds, outsourcing women domestic workers to perform these household tasks. Even though these women domestic workers make up a significant portion of the total working class, they remain a socially and financially vulnerable section of society. The job of working in other people's private spaces comes with little or no regulation, social protection and no guarantee of decent work standards. The major aim of this study is to find out the social wellbeing of part-time domestic workers of Pune. Design/methodology/approach: For this purpose, the researchers have interviewed 167 women working in the Pune region of Maharashtra, India from the period of October 2020 to January 2021. Descriptive methods and factor analysis have been used to analyze the collected data, so that socioeconomic wellbeing correlated with the significant factors explored. Further, the factors identified that Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFAs) are further validated through reliability analysis (Cronbach's alpha for economic wellbeing and social wellbeing index for social wellbeing). Findings: With the help of this study, researchers have tried to explore the significant factors to the social and economic wellbeing of domestic workers. The qualitative facts collected during the interview time have substantiated the findings got in EFA. Originality/value: The paper aims to provide ground-level insights to policymakers focusing on the domestic work sector, and the gaps identified in the research will help the policymakers to frame the guidelines for the betterment of these informal domestic workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ratnagiri is a coastal district and a part of Konkan region of Maharashtra. During our floristic studies on ephemeral and herbaceous plants of lateritic plateaus of Ratnagiri district from year 2020 to 2022, we have collected 49 herbaceous and ephemeral flowering plant species new addition to the Ratnagiri district. Newly added above said plant species belonging to 19 families and among them 16 species are endemic to India. This paper provides detailed checklist with herbarium specimen numbers for all the collected species and photographs of 16 endemic species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious tourism refers to travel that is primarily done with the intention of experiencing a religion's nature or the byproducts it creates, such as the local art, civilisation, customs, and architecture. Religious tourism in India has two distinct characteristics: first, there is the faith of the domestic tourist, who has a spiritual connection to the deity/destination and their religious beliefs; second, there is the category of "foreign" tourist, who is someone who belongs to a different religion or region, and for whom the tourist destination and the religious practises have the element of "novelty," or a spiritual experience different from their own. The hospitality and tourist industries gain from and contribute to religious tourism. Furthermore, Indians who live overseas are choosing to travel to their place of origin for their vacations. The development of infrastructure facilities at the destination is made possible by tourism, which also helps generate sustainable income for the local community and the government, supports regional development strategies through the "umbrella" effect, and fosters peace and socio-cultural harmony. But in order to manage and prevent the negative effects, tourist development needs to be regulated across every area. Due to its complexity, which includes aspects of the economy, ecology, culture, and psychology, tourism is regarded to be of utmost importance for development. It is also acknowledged as one of the biggest industries in the world, contributing significantly to the GDP, and it has a huge potential for future expansion. As a result, "Sustainable religious tourism development" is now crucial for both wealthy and developing nations. Given the presence of basic infrastructure and the variety of tourist themes offered by diverse places in Maharashtra, there is a significant potential for expansion in the tourism industry. Maharashtra has a storied past and vibrant culture. In the following paper, we are attempting to concentrate on Pune, a location for both established and developing religious tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Declining air quality is highly ignored and very common form of degradation of the environment in nations that are both developed and developing. There are several contaminants in the air that have been identified in various studies on air pollution. The crucial parameters of all air pollutants are gaseous and particle pollution. The present study was undertaken to estimate the quality of ambient air in Chandrapur district, Maharashtra state of India. In this paper, an effort has been made to study the standing and trend of Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Ammonia (NH3), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter i.e.; PM10, PM2.5, toxic pollutants i.e.; lead, arsenic, nickel, benzo [a] pyarene and benzene and hydrocarbons. The results clearly show that, all parameters of ambient air quality monitoring values were some shown slightly below permissible limit. The ambient air quality monitoring data show that the Chandrapur district has substantial air pollution concerns in terms of SO2, NOx, PM, and other air pollutants. However, after comparing these values with NAAQS levels, the yearly averages of these air pollutants have been found to be below than the NAAQS levels. However, without effective mitigation measures, the concentrations of these pollutants will rise at quite alarming rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past 75 years, since Independence, the central and state governments in India have implemented various measures for water management, which include initiatives to construct and revive small water bodies and wetlands. Schemes such as Amrit Sarovar, Amrit Dharohar, Jalyukta Shivar, and Galmukta Dharan-Galyukt Shivar are being implemented to revive small water bodies. However, these schemes have been criticised for their unsystematic planning and implementation and for benefiting an elite section of society while excluding people experiencing poverty. India is known for its traditional water harvesting systems and community-based management of water commons. Through a case study of grassroots-level management of small-scale waterbodies in eastern Maharashtra, this paper demonstrates the need to understand local dynamics and ground realities for inclusive and efficient water management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing youth population of India requires high-quality educational opportunities to shape their future. It is the urgent need to design education policy which provides the key to scientific advancements, national integration and economic growth to ensure India's continued progress globally. Thus Ministry of Education of Government of India passed National Education Policy (NEP) in 2020 and thus Directorate of Technical Education of Government of Maharashtra decided to design and implement the curriculum in all autonomous Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs) with effect from academic year 2023-24. This paper describes the implementation of Electronics and Telecommunication engineering curriculum structure at the department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering of Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Islampur, Sangli, Maharashtra, India. Author has summarized components of different categories mentioned in Government Resolution of Government of Maharashtra on NEP 2020 as well as AICTE Model curriculum and compared the category wise credits suggested by both. The author further highlighted the courses and credit requirements to get Honors, Double Minor, Honors with Research degrees for gifted students and multiple entry multiple exit for students facing obstacles in their learning path. The designed curriculum has ensured the multidisciplinary and holistic education and is in line with NEP 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the study: The change of climate due to global warming has become a burning problem throughout the world. India is a country where global warming causes a concern to the scientists. Unrestricted emission of different green house gases mainly carbon dioxide is responsible for this alarming situation. This paper develops a state-wise nonlinear emission model of carbon dioxide, an important green house gas. Methodology: Non linear least-square and regression analysis method used to explain the emission of the gas. Main Findings: The short term and long-term forecast of carbon dioxide emission trend in the states are presented. Applications of this study: Model is used in the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh of India. Novelty/Originality of this study: Future prediction of emission of CO2 may be evaluated from our proposed model. This paper may be helpful for the future researchers for finding emission of CO2 and other GHGs for the remaining states in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a socio-economic phenomenon comprising of the activities and experiences of tourists and visitors away from their home. Tourism industry in Maharashtra has a great potential for growth, given the availability of basic infrastructure. Maharashtra has a rich historical and cultural heritage, which has been under-explored by the tourism industry and the government agencies. This paper analyses the crucial role played by the tourism sector in the economic development of Maharashtra. The paper highlights the tourism policy of the state, assesses the impact of tourism development, identifies specific tourist centres and suggest certain policy measures for the development of tourism activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian agrarian economy is facing a distress situation on account of mounting farmer suicides year after year. This is a serious socioeconomic issue as it affects not only the farmers but also their families. A staggering number of farmer suicides have been reported, particularly in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and West Bengal. This has aggravated the Indian agricultural sector that is already battling problems such as under-performance, low production, and low vigour for a long time now. In October this year, India Today reported that over 15,000 farmers has committed suicide in Maharashtra in a span of 6 years from 2013 to 2018. This is the just one instance of the reporting on farmers suicide over the past few years. These suicides have posed a big question mark on the Indian economy, ranked seventh in terms of nominal GDP by the IMF Economic Forum in 2018. On the one side, the Indian economy is on its way to becoming the 5th largest economy of the world by surpassing United Kingdom and France in 2019. On the other side, its farm sector is facing distress deaths and massive despair. The present paper, therefore, makes an attempt to investigate these incidents and uncover the causal variables leading to this epidemic that is rapidly spreading to the entire country. The paper is divided under four sections. Section I provides an introduction to farmer suicides in India. In addition, the objectives and methodology of the paper have been discussed. In Section II, an attempt has been made to highlight the gravity of this issue which is hampering the health of Rural Indian Economy. A factsheet has been prepared that enumerates the facts and figures related to this issue. Further, in Section III, an extensive review of research work on farmer suicides has been done in order to describe the critical causal variables. For this purpose, the literature and figures from 1995 to 2021 have been considered. The paper ends with Section IV where concluding remarks have been mentioned along with some suggestive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cement industry's carbon emissions present a major global challenge, particularly the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. The concrete industry is responsible for a significant portion of these emissions, accounting for approximately 5-9% of the total emissions. This underscores the urgent need for effective strategies to curb carbon emissions. In this work, we propose to use artificial intelligence (AI) to predict future emission trends by performing a detailed analysis of cement industry's CO2 emissions data. The AI predictive model shows a significant increase in overall carbon emissions from the cement sector which is attributed to population growth and increased demand for housing and infrastructure. To address this issue, we propose a framework that emphasizes on implementing carbon sequestration through reuse of construction and demolition (C&D) waste by using recycled aggregates. The paper proposes a framework addressing carbon sequestration through use of C&D waste. The framework is applied specifically to Maharashtra State in India to calculate the potential reduction in carbon emissions by construction industry resulting from recycled aggregates. The study reveals a projected saving of 24% in carbon emissions by adopting the suggested framework. The process and outcomes of the study aim to address the concerns of climate change through reduced carbon emissions in the construction industry promoting recycle and reuse of construction waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadcast journalism is a comparatively new area in the journalism teaching arena as it is competitively a new subject in the Indian sub-continent. News broadcasting in India has a long history of almost 100 years. The first news bulletin went on air on July, 23, 1927 through a private radio company. But the regular news broadcasting service started under the regime of the Indian Broadcasting service (IBS) which was named afterwards All India Radio in the year 1936.( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_in_India)Television as a medium in India had existed from the year 1959, but because of the priority of the government,India and the conservative approach of bureaucracy TV was not used for news and current affairs for many years .In1965 Doordarshan, Delhi started a 5 minutes new bulletin and that is the beginning of the broadcast journalism genre on Indian soil .After Mumbai Doordarshan and the other 5 metro TV stations started around 1972-73, real TV journalism found its roots. (dd report pce.pdf - Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.1) All India Radio and Doordarshan had a monopoly of audio& audio- visual news segment in India until the year 1992.However, in the academic circle of journalism and mass communication in Maharashtra, these segments were hardly considered as subjects to be included in curricula and syllabus as a major area of study. Subjects like Television and Radio were there very much in the study programme, but with limited scope. Journalism of Radio & TV had no place in it. This is a major reason that pedagogy for broadcast journalism had not got a berth in the educational diaspora. The present research paper will discuss and study this aspect at length. The second concerning area is on college- level science of education and theory of education, particularly in journalism branch had not been looked into seriously and with due weightage. The researcher, who is also a faculty in broadcast journalism for about 30 years, had taught these subjects in many colleges and institutes in Pune& Maharashtra as a visiting faculty and a subject expert. The present paper would also analyze some experiments done by him to teach broadcast journalism and equip students with more comprehension and clarity. Broadcast journalism a lucrative profession ever growing hand in hand with online media needs facelift through strong pedagogy to teach this subject with more precision and finesse. In this paper, the researcher would be sharing his experiences of teaching broadcast journalism and his findings along with an experiment which that he has conducted for teaching Broadcast journalism module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Endodontic retreatment is indicated in cases of failed primary endodontic treatment. The main goal of retreatment is to establish conditions that will enable the healing of the periapical tissue. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of rotary retreatment with the ProTaper Universal Retreatment system supplemented with passive ultrasonic activation of solvent in retreatment of single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth obturated with gutta-percha and two different root canal sealers (AH Plus and MTA Fillapex). Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics at Mahatma Gandhi Mission's Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from January 2019 to April 2019. Total 66 freshly extracted human single rooted mandibular premolars were used in this study. Root canal preparation was done using ProTaper Next rotary files. Teeth were decoronated to get a uniform length of 18 mm and were divided into three retreatment groups based on the technique used for retreatment. Group I included rotary retreatment, Group II involved rotary retreatment with solvent and paper point wicking, and Group III involved rotary retreatment with passive ultrasonic activation of solvent and paper point wicking. Based on the sealer used for obturation, teeth in each group were further divided into two subgroups, subgroup A with AH Plus sealer and subgroup B with MTA Fillapex sealer. Teeth were stored in an incubator for 30 days to allow sealer to set after which sectioning of the specimens was done buccolingually for examination under the stereomicroscope and photographed. Statistical analysis was done by using parametric Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Post-hoc tests and Unpaired t-test. Results: No statistically significant difference in percentage area of residual root canal filling material noted between the group I and II and when obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer (subgroup A) as p-value=0.215. Whereas, it revealed a statistically significant difference between the group I, II, and III when obturated with gutta-percha and MTA Fillapex sealer (subgroup B) as p-value<0.001. Conclusion: Passive ultrasonic activation of solvent after gutta-percha removal using ProTaper Universal rotary files could improve the quality of endodontic retreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geographical understanding of the Indian subcontinent can be learned in its entirety from the availability of Colonial registers. Before the colonial rule, territorial regions forming India were not marked by distinctive geographical boundaries. Availability of Colonial registers and its records happened to provide us with a peculiar documentation of not just India's regional/geographical boundaries, but its social and political formation/development as well. The introduction of colonial education policy within the subcontinent is another significant aspect that resulted in furthering socio-cultural, economic and political changes within the Indian society. Colonial education policy, in its effort to impart education to Indians majorly, helped Indian Upper-caste intelligentsia to emerge. With its liberal principles and educative measures, it could also help people from the lowest rungs of the social ladder to familiarise themselves with education. We could see social revolutionaries like Phule and Ambedkar (among others) hailing from the subaltern castes being introduced with colonial education, who revolted against the unjust socio-cultural practices and redefined the notion of freedom, human dignity, equality and democracy. It is this very moment where one could also witness the inception of modern and rational thinking shaping up the idea of India, and modern-day Maharashtra we see today is no exception to it. In this paper, an attempt is made to map colonial intervention into the Maharashtrian society and provide a critical commentary on the social and political conjuncture of colonial Maharashtra. While presenting the critical commentary, the paper emphasises on the formation of caste relations and subaltern/Dalit response as the most significant points of breaks in the making of modern Maharashtra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a historical and conceptual inquiry into the nature of performance censorship and resistance, particularly in the context of subaltern "folk" forms, and its relationship to the archive. All censorial gestures also serve as archival ones, insofar as legislating censorship necessitates the generation of a collated record of objectionable material. However, this paper argues that in certain cases—like that of tamasha , a popular performance form in Maharashtra—this kind of archival windfall is not simply an accidental consequence, but is fundamental to the way censorship is imagined and posited: as an actively preservatory, rather than prohibitive, force. Assembling accounts from government reports, censor files, magazine articles, memoirs, and oral histories, I trace how this archival discourse around censorship was articulated and enforced, and examine its impact, on modern tamasha historiography, in particular, and on institutionalized cultural regulation in the region at large. I argue that the re-framing of censorship as "preservative" imposed severe limitations on the possibilities for resistance, and consequently paved the way for the enduring appropriation of tamasha along caste and class lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reveals the geological fracture line of the earth surface of the Mula catchment area with the help of remote sensing and GIS techniques. In this paper, a comparative analysis of lineament extraction is carried out by using different DEM data like Cartosat, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite) PALSAR (Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar), JAXA's (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM). Lineaments were extracted from each DEM data, to recognize which DEM data is accurately showcasing the extracted lineaments. From the analysis, it is found that the highest number of lineaments can be extracted from ALOS PALSAR DEM data having a resolution of 12.5 m, whereas comparing the other four datasets having a resolution of 30 m, it is found that the lineament features extracted using Cartosat DEM are more accurate. The results of this study recommend that ALOS PALSAR and Cartosat DEM data should be used for the extraction of lineaments and can be used for the Indian region as it layouts definite geological information. The result is analyzed with the help of a rosette diagram showing flow direction and azimuth angle for all DEM from 0 to 315° at an interval of 45°. The study area shows major direction is NW–SE. More lineaments are seen in the source region and formed as rills and gullies. The geological analysis of lineament is helpful to study the groundwater permeability tectonic evolution etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unparalleled rise in peak electricity demand across the tropics over recent decades signals the need for conscious planning of investment in power infrastructure and a boosting of demand-side management measures. This paper estimates the extremes in daily peak electricity demand across eight Indian states from 2010 to 2018 by using the extreme value mixture models and the generalised Pareto distribution (GPD) method. A combination of different mixture models is used to obtain the optimum threshold level, and the exceedances above it are declustered and fitted with a non-stationary GPD using the daily maximum temperature and trend terms. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to apply non-stationary GPD models in Indian context for analysing the extreme peak electricity demand in the country. Results show that the shape parameter of extreme peak demand appears to be time-variant for the different values of maximum temperature and shows a linear trend for Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Haryana. However, the scale parameter is found to be time-variant for all the states. Most states experienced the highest monthly frequency of peak electricity demand during July–October, and the largest yearly frequency during 2015, 2016, and 2018. Additionally, the estimated return values highlight a higher increase in daily peak demand for Rajasthan, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra compared to other states during the next 25 years. These findings will be pertinent to the decision-makers in planning for peak reserve capacity in various Indian states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Manyata program is a quality improvement initiative for private healthcare facilities in India which provided maternity care services. Under this initiative, technical assistance was provided to selected facilities in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Maharashtra which were interested in obtaining 'entry level certification' under the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers (NABH) for provision of quality services. This paper describes the change in quality at those Manyata-supported facilities when assessed by the NABH standards of care. Methods: Twenty-eight private-sector facilities underwent NABH assessments in the three states from August 2017 to February 2019. Baseline assessment (by program staff) and NABH assessment (by NABH assessors) findings were compared to assess the change in quality of care as per NABH standards of care. The reported performance gaps from NABH assessments were then also classified by thematic areas and suggested corrective actions based on program implementation experience. Results: The overall adherence to NABH standards of care improved from 9% in the baseline assessment to 80% in the NABH assessment. A total of 831 performance gaps were identified by the NABH assessments, of which documentation issues accounted for a majority (70%), followed by training (19%). Most performance gaps could be corrected either by revising existing documentation or creating new documentation (62%), or by orienting facility staff on various protocols (35%). Conclusion: While the adherence of facilities to the NABH standards of care improved considerably, certain performance gaps remained, which were primarily related to documentation of facility policies and protocols and training of staff, and required corrective actions for the facilities to achieve NABH entry level certification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online buying has risen to prominence among modern college students because of the booming worldwide e-commerce sector. An empirical study was conducted among management students of various b-schools in Maharashtra to understand their shopping habits on online portals. The intention was to identify the factors that drive students purchase decisions. This paper also analyzes the impact of gender on purchase types. It was observed that gender has no impact on purchase decisions of students. The findings demonstrate that enjoyment, perceived risk, and social influence have a considerable impact on students online shopping habits. Indian online business owners may find these results to be a useful source of information for their marketing plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and human activities have massively impacted the hydrological cycle. Thus, it is of the greatest concern to examine the effect of climate change on water management, especially at the regional level, to understand the possible future shifts in water supply and water-related crises and support regional water management. Fortunately, there is a high degree of ambiguity in determining the effect of climate change on water requirements. In this paper, the statistical downscaling (SDSM) model is applied to simulate the potential impact of climate on crop water requirements (CWR) by downscaling ET0 in the region of Western Maharashtra, India, for the future periods, viz., the 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s, across three meteorological stations (Pune, Rahuri, and Solapur). Four crops, i.e., cotton, soybean, onion, and sugarcane, were selected during the analysis. The Penman-Monteith equation calculates reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0). Furthermore, in conjunction with the crop coefficient (Kc) equation, it calculates crop evapotranspiration (ETc)/CWR. The predictor variables were extracted from the National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis dataset for 1961–2000 and the HadCM3 for 1961–2099 under the H3A2 and H3B2 scenarios. The results indicated by SDSM profound good applicability in downscaling due to satisfactory performance during calibration and validation for all three stations. The projected ET0 indicated an increase in mean annual ET0 compared to the present condition during the 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s. The ET0 would increase for all months (in summer, winter, and pre-monsoon seasons) and decrease from June to September (monsoon season). The estimated future CWR shows variation in the range for cotton (− 0.97 to 2.48%), soybean (− 2.09 to 1.63%), onion (0.49 to 4.62%), and sugarcane (0.05 to 2.86%). The significance of this research lies in its contribution to understanding the potential impacts of climate change at a regional level. This study provides valuable insights into the expected changes in water demand for key crops. The research also manifests implementing an identical methodology for downscaling other environmental parameters using a similar approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marathwada falls in a draught-prone region of Maharashtra, India. To tackle the issue of agriculture crises, earthen and polyethylene-lined farm ponds have been constructed in this region with assistance from the government. These farm ponds have been successfully used for grow-out fish culture. Little efforts have been undertaken for carp seed rearing from these small farm ponds to produce quality fingerlings. Therefore, the present study evaluated carp seed-rearing performance in earthen and polyethylene-lined farm ponds in different Marathwada districts. Growth of carp seed and economics of carp seed rearing system in earthen and polyethylene lined farm ponds was compared against control farm ponds of the College of Fishery Science, Udgir, following standard procedure. The water quality analysis revealed lower dissolved oxygen and higher total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the polyethylene-lined farm pond than in earthen ponds. The growth and economic parameters also exhibited significantly less performance in the polyethylene-lined farm ponds. After studying various cultural conditions, raising carp seeds in earthen farm ponds is advisable for increased productivity and economic benefits. The present paper also highlighted the critical point and future research needs to improve the aquaculture performance of polyethylenelined farm ponds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fisheries cooperative societies are playing an important role in development of marine and inland fisheries sector and in livelihood of fishermen as well. Though fisheries cooperatives have been studied in coastal region mainly and the information of performance of fisheries cooperatives in fresh water sector of Maharashtra state is available in scarce. This paper deals with the study of functioning of fisheries cooperative societies with respect to production, expenditure, income, training attended, government assistance to the society etc. Out of total 180 registered societies in Latur District, 80 fisheries cooperative societies have been studied. All societies are found functioning and no society found dormant. But performance wise only 20% cooperatives have shown higher income (11-13 Lakhs/year) followed by 50% cooperatives have shown moderate income (7-10 Lakhs / year) and 30% cooperatives have shown low income (3 - 6 Lakhs/year). Therefore, necessary steps should be taken up to improve performance of fisheries cooperative societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to conceptualize a Total Interpretive Structural Model (TISM) of factors leading to low employability of graduate engineers, at entry level, in context to Indian IT Industry. The paper focuses on factors emerging due to lack or low participation of IT Industry in overall academic activities contributing to low employability. Authors have developed Total Interpretive Structural Model (TISM) to understand the interplay of industry induced factors, leading to low employability of graduate engineers. Factors considered are limited to the role of IT industry in academia. Qualitative Semi Structured interviews & survey inputs gathered from academic experts including Senior Faculties, Heads of the Departments, Principals and Training and Placement officers from 10 engineering colleges in Maharashtra (India), are considered to arrive at factors highlighting the wanting contribution of IT industry. Total interpretive structural model has been developed for the factors leading to low employability. This model provides a hierarchical structure to the identified factors at four different levels based on their driving power and dependence. The model also portrays factor's interplay with the help of direct and transitive linkages. Based on the research authors recommend key initiatives at fundamental factors which can have a cascading impact on other dependent factors. This research has implications for IT Industry, academia and academic governing authorities. The study provides an indicative list of strategic factors and the synergistic effect created by their interplay. The relationships amongst these factors are being modeled providing an insight, in terms of cause and effect relationship, prioritizing the areas to be addressed on priority. The proposed model, examining the factors of low employability due to IT industry's wanting role in academic context is a fresh approach & pioneering one. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes the factors of low employability of graduate engineers using TISM approach, focusing on IT industry and not on academia, as being done historically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that India has made significant progress in engineering and technical education over the last two decades, maintaining student admission and enrollment intact, particularly in engineering programs, is a desirable goal for many institutions and universities. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issue of declining admissions to engineering/technology branches in Maharashtra, as well as the need to make core engineering courses more appealing to prospective students. current trends in engineering admissions vis-à-vis intake admission vacancy, uncertainty of opening and shutting down of colleges, and irregularity in opting courses. To address this issue, it suggests a number of corrective and preventive measures, including improving core engineering courses, working with industries to assist students in attaining employment, encouraging and promoting research in fundamental engineering fields, offering internships and financial aid, and educating the general public and students about the importance of core engineering courses. By adopting the required measures to make basic engineering areas appealing to students, the study emphasizes how important it is to preserve the dynamic ecosystem of engineering and technology education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents and analyses the effectiveness of electronic resources in Krantiveer Vasantrao Naik Arts, Commerce and Science College Nashik, Maharashtra (India). On the basis of users' satisfaction is evaluated. A survey method was used to conduct this research. Out of 200 Postgraduate students the researcher selects 75 students from different departments of in the user's survey. A total of 75 well-structured questionnaires were distributed to gather information related to uses of electronic resources and the 70 filled questionnaires were collected from students and analysed, classified and tabulated by employing simple statistical methods. The study reveals that majority of the users of Krantiveer Vasantrao Naik Arts, Commerce and Science College library keep themselves abreast of developments in electronic resources, services and their proper utilisation in the field of academic and research. The result showed a growing interest in e-resources among the students and also found that slow downloading and blockage of website is the hurdle in proper utilisation of electronic resources. The survey further reveals that the majority of postgraduate students are aware of the usage of e-resources and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, Isoptericola variabilis strain UD-6 isolated from alkaline hot spring of Unapdev, Maharashtra, India was assessed for its biobleaching activity by hydrolytic enzymes on rice straw pulp. Results of primary and secondary screening manifested that it was a multi-enzyme producer, competent to produce amylase, cellulase, mannanase, pectinase, and xylanase at 9.73, 4.11, 6.26, 8.42, and 6.61 IU ml−1 in fermentation conditions, respectively. Maximum activity of all enzymes was gained at thermal temperature (50–55 °C), alkaline condition (pH 8–9), under 5 mM KCl and 5 mM NaCl salt concentration. In compatibility testing, activities of all enzymes were spectacularly reduced when they utilized with chemicals of pulp bleaching. Results of rice straw pulp bleaching was effectual when pulp was initially bleached with mannanase, pectinase, and xylanase enzymes (Es) for 90 min and then with diluted chemicals (DC) for further 90 min instead of their separate use. Treatment of rice straw pulp with Es + DC, enhanced the release of reducing sugars, hydrophobic compounds, and phenolic compounds, whereas Kappa number was reduced. Overall, the results of the present study indicated that pre-bleaching of pulp with hydrolytic enzymes obtained from I. variabilis strain UD-6 helps to minimize chemicals used in the bleaching process and make it more sustainable for pulp and paper industries as well as for the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial inclusion refers to a process that ensures the ease of access, availability and usage of the formal financial system for all members of an economy. Financial inclusion broadens the resource base of the financial system by developing a culture of savings among large segment of rural population and plays its own role in the process of economic development. The process of financial inclusion also reinforces the process of human development. The paper presents the conceptual framework on the association between inclusive finance and human development. Empirical evidences on the association between IFI and HDI of India in general, and Maharashtra in particular, are presented in this paper. The convergence of the districts of Maharashtra in financial inclusion is computed to identify whether there is a reduction in disparity in the financial inclusion of the 35 districts of Maharashtra. There is found to be a significant positive correlation between these two development variables in India and in the districts of Maharashtra. It is also empirically proved that the districts with lower financial inclusion are converging towards the districts with higher financial inclusion in Maharashtra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary intake is a fundamental determinant of maternal and child nutrition. This paper presents evidence on whether maternal and child dietary diversity can be improved with systemic improvements focused on strengthening training, capacity building, and behavior change communication among frontline workers to encourage improved nutritional practices among mothers and children in the intervention area. The evidence is derived from Project Spotlight intervention that was jointly implemented by Department of Women and Child Development, Government of Maharashtra and Tata Trusts in tribal dominated Gadchiroli and Chandrapur districts in Maharashtra. Based on a pre-post comparison of baseline (2019) and endline (2021) household survey data it is confirmed that there is a significant association between maternal and child dietary diversity in the study area. Notably, dietary diversity in mother-child dyads is marked with a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as eggs and flesh foods. Econometric analysis further reveals that the association between maternal and child dietary diversity has improved after the systems strengthening interventions. The paper concludes that local interventions such as Project Spotlight for strengthening counselling services and coverage by frontline workers and enhancing knowledge and awareness on maternal and child dietary diversity among communities are important for improving maternal and child nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Durations are defined as an essential component of the three primary characteristics of strong earthquakes, which exhibit a remarkable influence on the damage characteristics of a concrete dam body. However, when considering the distinctive definitions of a strong motion duration, the influence of several durations on the seismic analysis of gravity dams remains unclear. In addition, there is no specific conclusion on the optimal choice for the duration of a strong ground motion. The endurance time analysis (ETA) method, which is a high-efficiency seismic performance method, is widely used, because of the high precision and low computation effort when calculating the dynamic responses of structures. However, when using this method it is almost impossible to account for any one type of duration contribution. Therefore, a modified ETA algorithm to correct duration effects will be proposed in this paper based on the three existing types of durations, such as bracketed (Tb), uniform (Tu), and significant (Ts) durations. The dynamic response will be further corrected using a modified ETA method in the numerical application to the Koyna concrete gravity dam, which is one of the largest dams in Maharashtra state, India. A group of 20 endurance time acceleration functions (ETAFs) and 10 sets of two-dimensional (2D) artificial waves with three total durations will be synthesized through the same site design acceleration spectrum. Three types of indices that include the dissipation energy, damage, and deformation indices will be used to measure the seismic performance. The nonlinear analysis results will be compared with those from the ETA and quantitative analysis methods, which show that the modified ETA method could provide an effective estimation to monitor earthquake resistance and structural seismic performance with a certain safety margin. The influence of the duration of a strong ground motion could be considered in the modified ETA method, which could be further applied in practical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted educational institutes all over the World. As teachers and students adapt to the new normal, Zoom, Google meet, Microsoft teams, or Cisco WebEx have become the most sought-after platforms for distance learning. The challenge for teachers and students in online learning is active peer engagement. To encourage problem-based learning, online platforms allow the creation of breakout rooms. Breakout rooms are private chat rooms where small groups of 3-4 students discuss unique problem statements allocated to them and employ peer learning methods through interpersonal communication. Teachers or facilitators enrich the knowledge of the students in active learning sessions. This research paper dives deep into the benefits, drawbacks, and implications of breakout rooms in E-learning environments. It is a collective case study on the use of breakout rooms by students and facilitators at an elite engineering college in Maharashtra, India. The first-hand experience of undergraduate Computer Science students and their Database Management Systems teacher is being considered. Student recommendations on use of breakout rooms have been consolidated at the end of this paper. Through our analysis and encouraging statistics, we wish to advocate the use of breakout rooms to engage students, in online learning platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the transnationalism of racial anthropological frameworks and its role in the understanding of human difference during India's decolonization and nation-building. With attention to the circulation of scientific objects, I focus on the practices and articulations of Irawati Karve (1905–1970), an Indian anthropologist with a transnational scientific trajectory and nationalistic political engagements. I argue that Karve's adaptation of an internationally validated German racial approach to study caste, ethnic and religious groups contributed to the further racialization of these categories as well as to the racialization of nationalistic projects in Maharashtra and India. I conclude with a reflection on the transnationalization of the coloniality of racialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil moisture (SM) is a crucial criterion for agronomics and the management of water resources, particularly in areas where the socio-economic status and significant source of income depend upon agriculture and related sectors. This paper intends to estimate SM over the vegetative area using a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and ground scatterometer and compare the results with SM retrieved using Sentinel-1 data. At the same time, random forest regression (RFR) and support vector regression (SVR) models are used for SM estimation. Correlation analysis results concluded that L-band HV-polarization at 300 incidence angle showed the highest correlation with the measured field parameters. This study investigated backscattering coefficients, VV/VH polarization ratio and polarization phase difference over wheat's entire growth phase to estimate SM. The results indicate that the GRNN with backscattering coefficients and polarization ratio provided the highest accuracy compared to the random forest (RF) and SVR with the root mean square error of 0.093 over the Yavatmal District, Maharashtra, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genus Indolestes Fraser, 1922 and Dysphaea Selys, 1853 were previously known from Goa, Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, parts of Gujarat, and eastern India. In this paper, we report the first confirmed records of Indolestes gracilis davenporti Fraser, 1930 and Dysphaea ethela Fraser, 1924 based on a specimen collected from Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India. We have also provided additional records of Macrodiplax cora (Brauer, 1867) from Maharashtra based on photographic evidence from Sindhudurg District. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spelling errors are fundamental errors in text writing. The digital era has added another dimension called keyboard layout to this problem. Memorization, language orthography, and keyboard layout are sources of spelling errors in electronic texts. English is being the linked language of the world, good quantum of work towards the spelling error detection and plausible suggestions has been done for English language. But it is not the case for digital resources scarce languages like Indian languages. Marathi which is the official language of Maharashtra State in India and the world's 10th highest spoken language is not exception to this. Various computational approaches for spelling error detection and correction have been advocated in the literature. Amongst these, similarity-based measures have proven to be the prominent ones. This paper discusses the detailed contrastive study of the two popular similarity measures viz. minimum edit distance and cosine similarity measures in the context of mis-spelled Marathi words. The philosophical and empirical aspects of these methods have also been presented. For experimentation purpose we have chosen a dataset of 9, 29, 663 unique Marathi words harvested from various sources. We have obtained an accuracy of 85.88% and 86.76% for minimum edit distance algorithm and the cosine similarity algorithm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]