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Presents a list of working papers from the Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis, Missouri in 2003. "Asymmetric Common Trends: An Application of Monetary Policy in a Markov-Switching VECM," by Neville Francis and Michael T. Owyang; "FOMC Forecasts: Is All the Information in the Central Tendency?," by William T. Gavin; "Does Consumer Sentiment Predict Regional Consumption?," by Thomas A. Garrett.

Lists the working papers from the Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis, Missouri containing preliminary results of staff research from 1991 to 1996. Includes `Discount Rate Policies of Five Federal Reserve Chairman,' by Daniel L. Thornton; `Dependent Children and Aged Parents: Funding Education and Social Security in an Aging Economy,' by Patricia S. Pollard and Rowena A. Pecchenino.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the menstrual hygiene needs of low-income women in St. Louis, Missouri. METHODS: Using an exploratory, cross-sectional design, women 18 years of age and older were recruited from a purposive sample of 10 not-for-profit community organizations that serve low-income women in St. Louis. From July 2017 to March 2018, 183 interviewer-administered surveys and three focus group discussions were conducted. Surveys and focus groups identified where and how women access menstrual hygiene products and what they do when they cannot afford to buy them. Using a snowball sampling strategy, 18 community organizations were also surveyed electronically to assess what services and supplies they provide for menstrual hygiene. RESULTS: All women invited to participate in the interviews and the focus groups agreed to do so. Nearly two thirds (64%) of women were unable to afford needed menstrual hygiene supplies during the previous year. Approximately one fifth of women (21%) experienced this monthly. Many women make do with cloth, rags, tissues, or toilet paper; some even use children's diapers or paper towels taken from public bathrooms. Nearly half of women (46%) could not afford to buy both food and menstrual hygiene products during the past year. There was no difference in menstrual hygiene needs by age. Two thirds of organizations indicated that menstrual hygiene was a need of their clients. Thirteen provide menstrual hygiene supplies to their clients; two provide menstrual hygiene education. CONCLUSION: Menstrual hygiene supplies are a basic necessity that many low-income women lack. We document the extent to which low-income women in a major metropolitan area in the United States are unable to afford these basic necessities and what they do to cope. Women's health care providers should advocate for improved access to menstrual hygiene supplies for low-income females across the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses papers and documents related to the Rannells family archived in the Western Historical Manuscript Collection-St. Louis. The Rannells's story is recounted between the years 1893 to 1905 through personal correspondence, legal documents, and receipts donated by family descendants. The life of Charles Samuel Rannells, an attorney who settled in St. Louis and was elected to the Missouri Senate in 1850, is described. The founding of the family home known as Woodside on a 320-acre farm outside of St. Louis is detailed. Documents related to Edward Rannells, the eldest son of Charles, offers information on family property records and business expenses.

Background: The U.S. Surgeon General and others have emphasized a critical need to address COVID-19 misinformation to protect public health. In St. Louis, MO, we created iHeard STL, a community-level misinformation surveillance and response system. This paper reports methods and findings from its first year of operation. Methods: We assembled a panel of over 200 community members who answered brief, weekly mobile phone surveys to share information they heard in the last seven days. Based on their responses, we prioritized misinformation threats. Weekly surveillance data, misinformation priorities, and accurate responses to each misinformation threat were shared on a public dashboard and sent to community organizations in weekly alerts. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for associations between panel member characteristics and misinformation exposure and belief. Results: In the first year, 214 panel members were enrolled. Weekly survey response rates were high (mean = 88.3% ± 6%). Exposure to a sample of COVID-19 misinformation items did not differ significantly by panel member age category or gender; however, African American panel members had significantly higher reported odds of exposure and belief/uncertain belief in some misinformation items (ORs from 3.4 to 17.1) compared to white panel members. Conclusions: Our first-year experience suggests that this systematic, community-based approach to assessing and addressing misinformation is feasible, sustainable, and a promising strategy for responding to the threat of health misinformation. In addition, further studies are needed to understand whether structural factors such as medical mistrust underly the observed racial differences in exposure and belief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbonic acid and sulfuric acid speleogenesis describe a dichotomy between epigenetic and hypogenetic caves and carbon and sulfur cycling in karst, but do not acknowledge the global spectrum of cave formation. This paper, part one of a two-part investigation, tests and revises speleogenetic models from a classic karst landscape using dissolved ion concentrations δ13CDIC, and δ34S in water samples collected at four sites across the Bluespring and Lost River karst basins in the Mitchell Plateau, Indiana, USA. Analyses revealed elevated sulfur in both karst basins but differently sourced; H2S (δ34S = −14.2‰) evolved from petroleum seeps in Bluespring Caverns accounted for up to 61% of sulfur in the cave stream, while evaporite beds (δ34S = [+14.50‰, +17.91‰]) of the St. Louis Limestone contributed up to 100% of sulfur at Orangeville Rise, a terminal spring of the Lost River karst basin. These results have implications for carbon–sulfur cycle linkages, particularly the potential acceleration of carbon flux from sulfuric acid dissolution in otherwise epigenetic settings. We suggest a new paradigm for speleogenesis in the North American midcontinent—speleogenesis in the Mitchell Plateau and similar settings is not epigenetic or hypogenetic, but instead polygenetic with competing chemical processes varying across space and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mine Water & the Environment is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Transportation agencies continuously and consistently work to improve the processes and systems for mitigating the impacts of roadway incidents. Such efforts include utilizing emerging technologies to reduce the detection and response time to roadway incidents. Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication is an emerging transportation technology that enables communication between a vehicle and the infrastructure. This paper proposes an algorithm that utilizes V2I probe data to automatically detect roadway incidents. A simulation testbed was developed for a segment of Interstate 64 in St. Louis, Missouri to evaluate the performance of the V2I-based automatic incident detection algorithm. The proposed algorithm was assessed during peak and off-peak periods with various incident durations, under several market penetration rates for V2I technology, and with different spatial resolutions for incident detection. The performance of the proposed algorithm was assessed on the basis of the detection rate, time to detect, detection accuracy, and false alarm rate. The performance measures obtained for the V2I-based automatic incident detection algorithm were compared with California #7 algorithm performance measures. The California #7 algorithm is a traditional automatic incident detection algorithm that utilizes traffic sensors data, such as inductive loop detectors, to identify roadway events. The California #7 algorithm was implemented in the Interstate 64 simulation testbed. The case study results indicated that the proposed V2I-based algorithm outperformed the California #7 algorithm. The detection rate for the proposed V2I-based incident detection algorithm was 100% in market penetrations of 50%, 80%, and 100%. However, the California #7 algorithm's detection rate was 71%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a letter from the editor of "Journal of Structural Engineering" concerning the April 2008 issue. The issue contains expanded versions of several papers presented at the 17th Analysis and Computation Specialty Conference, which was held in St. Louis, Missouri on May 18-21, 2006. The papers focus on computer-based structural analysis.

Focuses on the water purification program of the Saint Louis Metropolitan Sewer District (MSD) in Missouri. Use of 14 secondary treatment plants to cleanse an average of 409 million gallons of wastewater a day; Conversion of district into a paperless office by storing information digitally.

Past and present institutions (e.g., state and public hospitals, assisted living facilities, public nursing homes) have struggled with structural issues tied to patient care and neglect, which often manifests in the form of fracture trauma, and may explain why institutionalized individuals are at higher risk for this injury. Six hundred individuals from the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection born between 1822–1877 were examined to investigate hip fracture prevalence. Analysis of associated records and documentary data, including death, morgue, and census records, revealed that 36.3% (n = 218) of these individuals died in institutions such as the St. Louis State Hospital, City Infirmary, and Missouri State Hospital No. 4. Of the institutionalized individuals, 4.3% had evidence of hip fracture, significantly higher than the non-institutionalized (2.3%). Records revealed that many hip fractures were suffered around the time of death in state hospitals and were preventable, resulting from structural issues tied to understaffing and underfunding. Forensic and clinical literature, as well as current news media, indicate that structural violence in the forms of underfunding and understaffing continues to manifest as hip fractures harming institutionalized individuals today. This paper demonstrates how an anthropological perspective using paleopathological analysis sheds light on the chronicity and time depth of this issue, with the aim of driving public policy to entrench the equitable care of institutionalized people as a human right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using qualitative interviews, this paper explores the early housing and neighborhood experiences of Syrian refugee youth in St. Louis. The analysis shows how the respondents and their families ended up in poor quality housing in high poverty neighborhoods which had a profound impact on their sense of safety and interactions with their environments. Families who managed to move to better neighborhoods received support from former refugees or non-refugee volunteers. The findings raise important questions for future research and outline implications for policymakers interested in attracting and maintaining refugees in post-industrial cities like St. Louis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the AFS or FEF Student Technology Scholarship Contest to be held from April 6-9, 2013 in Saint Louis, Montana for which research papers are invited for evaluation.

SYNOPSIS: Nicholas Dopuch (1929–2018), most recently on the faculty of the Olin Business School at Washington University in St. Louis, was an extraordinary accounting thinker, influential journal editor, prolific accounting researcher, and treasured colleague and mentor. By documenting his early upbringing, academic career, and professional activities, this memorial article summarizes the profound impact that Professor Dopuch had on the accounting academy and the many scholars and students with whom he worked. The article also analyzes Dopuch's body of scholarship, and, in so doing, complements Kinney and Libby's (1999) earlier assessment of his foundational contribution to research on credible financial reporting. JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M48. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on several papers discussed at the 75th Anniversary Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology (SAA) on April 14, 2010 in Saint Louis, Missouri regarding the reflections on the American archaeology and the relationship between the Society and the African archaeology. Topics include archaeology in the Iron Age, ethnoarchaeology, and sessions on residue analysis. The meeting featured several archaeologists including Diane Gifford-Gonzalez, David Killick, and Akin Ogundiran.

The article presents the author's views on research paper "Mississippi River Streamflow Measurement Techniques at St. Louis, Missouri," conducted by researcher Chester C. Watson and colleagues. Topics discussed in the paper includes flooding in Middle Mississippi River (MMR), Freedom of Information Act and bed-related hysteresis.

In 1959, T. S. Eliot said of his poetry, "My urban imagery was that of St. Louis." This paper reads Eliot's The Waste Land in light of this comment, investigating the extent to which the construction of his hometown, St. Louis, in the nineteenth century, impinges upon the poem. The paper outlines the cultural conditions of St. Louis's construction as part of a settler colonial project, heavily influenced by certain narratives of quest and conquest. Throughout the construction of St. Louis, geographical and historical realities were continually replaced by an urban landscape which served to reflect these settler narratives. Using three separate case studies – the construction of the Eads Bridge, the destruction of the Cahokia mounds, and the St. Louis fire of 1849 – this paper makes the case that Eliot's characterization of urban space in The Waste Land as "unreal" is rooted in the construction of his hometown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For nearly eighty years, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) has done its mapping—everything from the surface of the moon to the compound hiding Osama bin Laden—from the city of St. Louis. In 2017, this federal agency pitted three regional sites against each other in the competition to host their new billion-dollar headquarters. Two years later, a site of nearly one hundred acres of "underdeveloped brownfields" in North St. Louis was selected to go from "eyesore to economic boon" as the host of this moated and militarized spy headquarters.1 This supposedly catalytic development eradicated nearly half of what was left of the St. Louis Place neighborhood following decades of erasure from urban renewal, malignant neglect, and unethical real estate transactions. While the project was touted as a massive win for St. Louis due primarily to preserving city income tax dollars, this essay examines how existing measures of success that conflate economic growth (or even simply economic preservation) with progress fail to capture the real social, environmental, and economic costs that development can bring. It considers how the difficult-to-measure aspects of city sociality—rootedness, optimism, opportunity, and social resilience, for example—are critical in recognizing and elevating the importance of spatial justice in our design decisions and design pedagogy. This paper explores the true costs of the NGA relocation to North St. Louis by measuring a broad range of social and economic factors ignored by the city's assessment. It also considers a second adjacent project, the proposed Brickline Greenway, and explores how its more inclusive objectives begin taking small steps towards repair. Speculative design work from the Master of Urban Design studio at Washington University in St. Louis provides alternative mapping and design solutions that further this paradigm shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how local governments have addressed abandonment of a high-dollar investment: publicly funded sport facilities. The issue of abandoned professional sport facilities is becoming more ubiquitous as teams seek new, more modern, state-of-the-art venues to maximize operational revenues. This creates a scenario where the average lifespan of a professional sport facility is only 27 years. Using a comparative case study analysis, this research examines how municipalities have approached the redevelopment of abandoned stadium infrastructure in Detroit, Houston, and St. Louis. Successful outcomes related to the redevelopment of abandoned stadiums in Detroit have seen public and private stakeholders take advantage of their unique assets in public-private partnerships. However, abandoned stadium infrastructure in Houston and St. Louis have remained idle for years as local governments failed to secure private investment to aid with redevelopment efforts and/or created additional bureaucratic red tape that limits the prospects for site redevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the awards given during the 2007 PLACE conference of the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry held in St. Louis, Missouri from September 16-19, 2007. The division technical and Rohm & Haas awards were given to Lee Murray of Pechiney Plastics. DuPont's Barry Morris won the overall best paper award and the Dragan Djordevic award for best paper related to cast film and extrusion coating.

The article presents the author's views on research paper "Mississippi River Streamflow Measurement Techniques at St. Louis, Missouri," conducted by researcher Chester C. Watson and colleagues. Topics discussed in the paper includes discharge measurement, use of velocity measuring vehicles and float-based discharges.

Copyright of Mine Water & the Environment is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many states enhanced benefits in teacher retirement plans during the 1990s. This paper examines the school staffing effects of one such enhancement in a major urban school district with mostly high poverty schools. Pension rule changes in 1999 for St. Louis public school teachers resulted in large increases in pension wealth for active teachers, as well as a powerful increase in 'push' incentives for earlier retirement. Simple descriptive statistics on retirement patterns before and after the enhancements suggest much earlier retirement resulted. Shorter teaching spells imply a steady state with more teacher turnover and a larger share of novice teachers in classrooms. To better understand the long-run effects of these changes and alternative policies, the authors estimate a structural model of teacher retirement. Simulations of retirement behavior for representative senior teachers point to shorter completed teaching spells and earlier retirement age as a result of the enhancements. By contrast, moving from the post-1999 to a DC-type plan would extend the teaching career of a representative senior teacher by roughly two years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on several meetings, including the 2011 North American Summer Meeting to be held at the Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri from June 9-12, 2011, the 2011 Australasia Meeting to be held in Adelaide, Australia from July 5-8, 2011, and 2011 European Meeting to be held in Oslo, Norway, from August 25-29, 2011.

The article presents information about the fifty-third annual conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR). The conference took place on May at the Marriott Pavilion Downtown in Saint Louis, Missouri. Official registration was 566, including 77 new members. mere were 159 first timers of which 72 were students. A breakdown of the registration revealed 44 percent affiliated with academic institutions, 37 percent commercial, 10 percent government, 6 percent nonprofit, and 3 percent other. A total of 460 people were listed as participants in a variety of roles: session organizers, plenary speakers, short-course instructors, panelists, chairs, discussants, authors, and presenters of papers. In keeping with the tradition for conferences held during even-numbered years, the conference site was shared by the World Association for Public Opinion Research (WAPOR), whose conference ran May 13-15. Joint AAPOR/WAPOR paper sessions included the themes of public opinion in developing countries, comparisons across cultures, and surveys and the courts.

This paper offers an explanation of an episode that took place in a 1950 World Cup game that saw the US defeat England by 1–0. It focuses on a linguistic misunderstanding between Italian referee Generoso Dattilo and US centre back Charles Colombo, an Italian-American from St. Louis. More precisely, the paper offers an explanation of what referee Dattilo said to Colombo following a rugby-like foul committed by the latter on English forward Stanley Mortensen. Colombo, as well as many others who recounted the story afterwards, maintained that the referee, surprisingly, complimented him. This article argues that what Colombo took as a compliment in Italian was instead a warning issued in Roman dialect. The meaning of the referee's words was lost in translation and Dattilo's warning turned into an unlikely compliment that has since entered soccer folklore as one of the defining moments in the greatest upset of World Cup history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-earthquake fire (PEF) ignition events constitute a secondary consequence of an earthquake and may result in the loss of life and substantial property damage, especially in urban areas where the potential for fire spread and conflagration exists. These secondary hazards can cause severe structural and non-structural damage, potentially more significant damage than the direct damage caused by the initial earthquake, and can lead to catastrophic structural failures, devastating economic losses, and casualties. To manage the impact of PEF in urban areas, it is important to identify the potential ignition sources and quantify the vulnerabilities of these ignition sources as a result of earthquake-induced structural damage. The results of such analyses can be used to offer resiliency improvement investments and mitigation strategies in urban areas located in seismically active regions. Most of the previous PEF studies are data-driven, utilizing ignitions reported following recent earthquakes. However, in areas for which historical PEF data are not available, such as the Midwestern United States, a different methodology for developing a PEF model is needed. This paper describes an analytical model for quantifying the vulnerabilities of residential buildings to PEF by estimating the failure of ignition sources upon a probable seismic event. The underlying concept in developing the method is that (1) ignition sources in residential buildings remain unchanged before and after an earthquake, and (2) the total probability of PEF occurrence can be estimated by adjusting the probabilistic fire occurrence data for normal conditions (everyday operation of ignition sources) to account for the effect of the earthquake. This paper's contribution to state of the art is in developing a new framework for estimating the probability of PEF for areas in which historical PEF data is unavailable. The developed framework uses the likelihood of ignition occurrence during normal condition as a baseline; this baseline is then adjusted using certain key parameters to capture spatial characteristics, ignitability, and potential seismic intensity of the study area to estimate the probability of PEF as a function of projected earthquake characteristics. The model was tested for St. Louis City as a populated area with potential future earthquake hazard because of its proximity to the New Madrid Fault zone. Using the National Fire Incident Reporting System dataset, the frequency of normal condition ignitions was determined as 1.97E−03 ignition per unit per year. Using the proposed PEF model considering PEFs caused by damage to drift and acceleration sensitive equipment and human actions, the projected frequency of PEF was estimated between 2.79E−06 and 2.81E−06 ignitions per household per year. Using this model, and the average number of households between 2010 to 2015, 175,854 households, it was estimated that in the next 50 years, approximately 25 households would experience fires related to probable earthquake events in St. Louis City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cahokia was a major Native American city on the east side of the Mississippi River, across from the modern-day city of St. Louis, Missouri. Cahokia flourished from c.1050 AD to c.1250. In this paper archaeoastronomic and ethnohistoric data along with computer simulations are used to explore the idea that the Cahokia site axis and the Rattlesnake Causeway were intentionally aligned to the Milky Way. It is proposed that this alignment accounts for the peculiar 5° offset of the site from the cardinal directions. Following Sarah Baires, it is suggested that Rattlesnake Causeway was a terrestrial metaphor for the Milky Way Path of Souls used by the deceased to cross to the Land of the Dead. Rattlesnake Mound at the end of the Causeway is suggested as a portal to the Path of Souls. According to ethnohistoric accounts, the Land of the Dead was guarded by a Great Serpent -- suggested here as visible in the night sky as either the constellation Serpens or that of Scorpius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Davide and Benedetto Ghirlandaio's close association with their brother Domenico has made it difficult to individuate their own artistic styles and evaluate their contributions to the Ghirlandaio workshop. Benedetto's artistic character is particularly elusive, since the Nativity in the church of Notre-Dame in Aigueperse, Auvergne, is the only work firmly attributed to him. This paper proposes a reconstruction of Benedetto's career by reassessing the works once ascribed to a painter known as the Master of the Saint Louis Madonna. Most of these paintings, centred on the eponymous work in the Saint Louis Art Museum, have been incorporated into Davide's oeuvre. Stylistic analysis, however, reveals their distinct artistic character and uncovers numerous points of comparison with the Aigueperse Nativity. On that basis they are reattributed here to the young Benedetto in his initial Florentine period. This identification is also corroborated by an analysis of his sojourn in France between 1486 and 1493, where he developed his technical skills and his interest in Netherlandish painting, possibly through the interaction with the Master of Moulin (Jean Hey). The paper then goes on to an examination of his activities after his return to Florence, and the ways in which he integrated his experience gained in France into the late Ghirlandaio workshop style. Benedetto's artistic development revealed by this reconstruction suggests a rich cross-fertilisation within the Florentine workshops in the late fifteenth century, with particular focus on the artists around the Verrocchio workshop in the early 1480s and those who participated in the Ghirlandaio workshop after Domenico's death. Also, as Benedetto was one of the few Italian painters who worked north of the Alps, the reappraisal of his career offers insights into the ways in which travelling artists could interact with local artistic environments and develop their own styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes one less important topic Weberian thought (especially in the Italian studies): the concepts of "ethnicity" and "race". In particular, the essay focuses the problem of black Americans, around which Weber reflected starting from the information and experiences personally lived during his trip to the United States in 1904, invited by the Congress of Arts and Sciences of the Universal Exposition of St. Louis. The German scholar has the opportunity to know directly US society, to travel the South of the country, to discuss with members of the African American community. All this contributes to moving Weber away from the initial youthful positions - when the biological element of "race" is evident - to an analysis of the social and cultural implications of "ethnic community", in which, rather than the blood, "ethnic honor" is important. According to Weber, the only way to bring about a change in racial and ethnic relations is a charismatic authority, empowered to give orders that are typically obeyed (Weber, 1947). If, through the process of routinization, the charismatic authority is systematically transformed into rational authority, ethnicity can disappear; while if it is routinized in a traditional order, ethnicity can be further highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]