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This study investigates challenges and opportunities that regionally expanding emerging market banks face. We focus on four leading Middle Eastern banks' internationalization trajectories and performances by employing a case study approach. We first examine the four banks' choices of target markets, entry sequencing, and entry modes over time and then analyze their entry strategies and post-entry financial performances in one of their key markets, Turkey. We show that the success of regional expansion strategies depends on parent bank characteristics such as scale and capital strength, strategic decisions regarding entry mode and timing, and host market structure and competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation banks that evaluate the savings according to the profit-loss sharing (PLS) principle are one of the essential institutions in Turkey. However, with the regulation in 2018, these institutions started to collect funds based on wakāla (agency) accounts, in addition to PLS, and this brought criticisms. There are various drawbacks in terms of the Islamic jurisdiction (fiqh) in wakāla investment accounts, and there is a concern that it might open the door to diverge from the PLS principle, which is the authentic side of participation banking. The main purpose of this study is to address the functioning of wakāla investment accounts in participation banks in terms of market dynamics as well as their fiqh aspects and thus to understand the issue from different dimensions. In the study, disclosed data and documents of participation banks are used. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that the wakāla investment accounts have various problematic parts that differ from classical fiqh, especially the expected profit ratio. On the other hand, it was concluded that the rationalisation for the introduction of wakāla investment accounts together along with the PLS accounts motivation is to keep high return, sensitive customers within the participation bank, which was raised by a temporary situation. So, that reason may cause divergence from the authenticity of the participation sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to measure the performances of commercial banks' websites in Turkey by using "Multi -Criteria Decision Making" (MCDM). The use of three MCDM methods (AHP, TOPSIS, VIKOr) consecutively constitutes the originality of this study. Based on the literature and expert opinions, 6 performance criteria (load time, page speed, markup, speed index, visitors, pageviews) and 5 website analysis tools were determined. First, the significance weights of the criteria were calculated with AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Second, the data obtained in the 2-month period were analyzed by TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and VIKOR (Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) methods. "Page speed" was found to be the most important criterion in performance of banks' websites. Most successful banks in terms of website efficiency are Garanti BBVA, Isbank and QNB Finansbank according to TOPSIS whereas QNB Finansbank, Garanti BBVA and Halkbank according to VIKOR results. It is observed that banks with high deposits and number of branches and employees do not show the same success in website performance. The results are expected to shed light on managers who want to set policies and strategies for digital banking applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the disciplinary role of borrowers, who are one of the key stakeholders in Turkish banks and are heavily affected when their banks experience difficulty. In the theoretical model, we show that borrowers prefer to have a relationship with less risky banks although it increases their cost of getting funds. Empirically, we examine the relationship between quality of a bank and its loan demand and find that as riskiness of a bank decreases, its loan demand increases significantly, suggesting the disciplinary role of borrowers in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a multinomial probit model to analyze individuals' choice of banks based on the types of banking services they use, their own characteristics, and their own perceptions about important factors in banking. Previous studies on this topic, which are limited in number, concentrate on the U.S. where financial markets are well-developed. This analysis uses a unique individual level data set from a nation-wide survey implemented after the 2001 crisis in Turkey, of which one major component was bank failures. Hence, it provides the first set of econometric evidence on the topic in an emerging market context. The study groups banks into three categories: public, large private and small private banks, among which the latter is perceived to be the potentially risky group. Investigating individuals' choice among these three types, the paper uncovers that while individuals tend to prefer small private banks on the basis of high interest rates, they tend to avoid them on the basis of trust. Additionally, the paper finds that the choice between public and large private banks mainly depends on structural factors. These results could be of potential use to policymakers in regulating the banking sector and to bank management in channeling marketing effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the status of consumer credit services marketing in Turkey. First, presents an overview of developments in the Turkish banking sector with a focus on consumer credit services. Discusses the findings of a survey conducted by the authors among officers of banks offering consumer credit services. Concludes with recommendations further to entrench consumer credit services in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]