18 results on '"MACDONALD, SARAH"'
Search Results
2. Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Multiple Sclerosis.
- Author
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MacDonald, Sarah C, McElrath, Thomas F, and Hernández-Díaz, Sonia
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FETAL diseases , *INFECTION risk factors , *RISK factors of preeclampsia , *PUERPERAL disorders , *HEMORRHAGE risk factors , *FETAL abnormalities , *PERINATAL death , *CESAREAN section , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *PREMATURE infants , *LONGITUDINAL method , *EVALUATION of medical care , *MULTIPLE sclerosis , *PREGNANCY , *DISEASE relapse , *FETAL development , *DISEASE complications , *DISEASE risk factors ,RISK factors - Abstract
Few studies have assessed the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis (MS). We used 2 large US administrative databases, the Truven Health MarketScan Database (2011–2015; Truven Health Analytics Inc. Ann Arbor, Michigan) and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2007–2011), to identify delivery cohorts. MS and pregnancy outcomes (infections, cesarean delivery, preterm delivery, poor fetal growth, preeclampsia, chorioamnionitis, postpartum hemorrhage, stillbirth, and infant malformations) were identified during pregnancy and at delivery. We calculated adjusted risk ratios according to MS status and relapse(s) in the year before delivery. Among over 5 million pregnancies, we identified 3,875 pregnancies in women with MS. Women with MS had an increased risk of infections during pregnancy (Truven Health: adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.27) and preterm delivery (Truven Health: aRR = 1.19 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.35); Nationwide Inpatient Sample: aRR = 1.30 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.44)). The risks of other outcomes were similar for women with and without MS. In the Truven Health database, risk ratios for the pregnancy outcomes in women experiencing relapses versus those without relapses were between 0.9 and 1.4, and confidence intervals overlapped the null. Overall, women with MS had an increased risk of infections and preterm delivery; however, their risks for other adverse pregnancy outcomes were not elevated. Disease activity before delivery was not a strong predictor of outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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3. A Descriptive Analysis of How Canadian Police Officers Administer the Right-to-Silence and Right-to-Legal-Counsel Cautions.
- Author
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Snook, Brent, Eastwood, Joseph, and MacDonald, Sarah
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SELF-incrimination ,ATTORNEY & client ,JUSTICE administration ,LISTENING comprehension ,INVESTIGATIONS ,POLICE - Abstract
The administration of the right-to-silence and right-to-legal-counsel cautions in 126 investigative interviews (37 videotapes, 89 transcripts) was evaluated with a 78-item coding manual. We found that the right-to-silence and right-to-legal-counsel cautions were administered in 87% and 83% of the interviews, respectively. Average speech rates for both cautions exceeded acceptable levels for ensuring listening comprehension. Although the right-to-silence and right-to-legal-counsel cautions were not always read verbatim, the interviewers rarely missed rights that are contained in the cautions or incorrectly read the cautions. Interviewees almost always confirmed that they understood both cautions, but interviewers rarely attempted to verify that they actually understood them. Attempts to explain various rights in both cautions were always done correctly. Interviewees invoked their right to silence in 25% of cases and chose to speak to a lawyer in 31% of cases. The implications of these findings for improving the administration of justice in Canada are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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4. One Family's Journey: Medical Home and the network of supports it offers children and youth with special healthcare needs: The transition process continues.
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Macdonald, Sarah, McLaughlin, Suzanne, Levey, Eric, and Trachtenberg, Symme
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MEDICAL care of children with disabilities ,CARE of children with disabilities ,CHANGE ,ADULT children ,CAMP counselors - Abstract
The article focuses on the Medical Home Initiative of the American Academy of Pediatrics. It presents the experiences of a fictional family through the transition process of their daughter who has special healthcare needs into an independent adult. It notes that the issues tackled under the transition process include obtaining a state identification, examining insurance policies and transportation. It adds that the daughter wanted to become a camp counselor for the summer.
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- 2008
5. One Family's Journey: Medical Home and the network of supports it offers children and youth with special healthcare needs: Community Resources.
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Wood, Margie, Gretz, Sharon, Gatto, Molly, Walker, Deborah, and MacDonald, Sarah
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MEDICAL care ,CHILD care ,PEDIATRICS - Abstract
The article focuses on the Medical Home Initiative of the American Academy of Pediatrics which is an approach to provide healthcare services to children with special healthcare needs. To explore Medical Home, a fictional family which includes a couple and their daughter served as an example. It says that Sunshine Pediatrics has been the point of stability for the couple to care for their premature baby. The experience of the couple at Sunshine Pediatrics' semi-annual resource night is accounted.
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- 2007
6. UK REPORT.
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MacDonald, Sarah
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CHOIRS (Musical groups) - Abstract
A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experiences of bringing the Chapel Choir of Selwyn College in Cambridge, England to the U.S.
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- 2012
7. Bush criticised for not giving AIDS money to Global Fund.
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Macdonald, Sarah
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WORLD health , *INTERNATIONAL relief , *AIDS prevention , *INTERNATIONAL economic assistance , *EPIDEMICS , *FINANCE ,PRESIDENTIAL messages of United States Presidents - Abstract
Reports criticism of United States President George W. Bush for not pledging more money to the Global Fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Indication from his state-of-the-union address that the U.S. will give $15billion to combat AIDS, but Global Fund only gets $1billion of it; View of Gro Harlem, director general of the World Health Organization, that $10billion is needed annually to control the AIDS epidemic; Background on Global Fund, its finances and programs.
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- 2003
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8. Yield and quality analyses of bioenergy crops grown on a regulatory brownfield
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Smith, Stephanie L., Thelen, Kurt D., and MacDonald, Sarah J.
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BIOMASS energy , *CROP yields , *FLAME ionization detectors , *BROWNFIELDS , *POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls , *FATTY acid methyl esters , *GAS chromatography - Abstract
Abstract: Agriculture faces unique challenges as increasing world population places unprecedented demands on food, feed, and energy resources. In an effort to become more efficient and sustainable, marginal land, including regulatory brownfields prohibited for food consumption purposes could be utilized for bioenergy crop production. In 2006–2008, we evaluated soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merr.), canola (Brassica napus L. var. napus), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) to determine crop suitability for bioenergy production on a regulatory brownfield site. Sites selected for the study included a remediated brownfield site in Rose Township, Oakland County, and a historically cropped agricultural site at East Lansing, Ingham County, serving as the control. Comparisons of biofuel quality components were conducted. The total oil yield of oilseed crops was not significantly different (p < 0.05) between locations. Concentrations of palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), and linolenic (C18:3) fatty acids differed by location, yet oleic acid concentrations, optimal for quality biodiesel production, were not significantly different across all oilseed crops. Total crystalline cellulose levels from switchgrass were higher at the agricultural land site compared to the brownfield site in 2007 yielding 16% more crystalline cellulose; but there were no differences between locations in 2008. Detectable levels of PCB''s were found in soils at the brownfield site; however, transfer to grain or biomass was not detected. Results suggest that brownfield sites have the potential to produce feedstock of suitable quality for conversion to liquid transportation fuels. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2013
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9. Vermont's Tough Opt-In Privacy Law Could Be Model for Other States.
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MacDonald, Sarah
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DISCLOSURE - Abstract
Reports on the policy of National Bank at Middlebury, Vermont, in the disclosure of information about its customers. Requirement for customers to sign a form granting consent for the bank to share their personal information with other providers of financial services.
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- 2000
10. Accounts for Poor Likely to Include Bank Contributions.
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Macdonald, Sarah
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ACCOUNTS ,FINANCE laws - Abstract
Reports on the United States Senate's consideration of legislation that would create individual development accounts, a savings vehicle aimed at low-income people without bank accounts. Eligibility for the accounts; Key provisions of the bill; Inclusion of the legislation in the Community Renewal & New Markets Empowerment Package.
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- 2000
11. Transactional Sites Skyrocketing.
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MacDonald, Sarah
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ONLINE banking ,BANKING industry - Abstract
Reports that the number of banks offering transactional services via the Internet more than tripled in 1999, according to the United States Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Predicted number of national banks that will provide online transactional services in 2001; Likelihood of large national banks to offer Internet banking services compared to smaller banks.
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- 2000
12. E-mail virus Stirs Password Theft Fears.
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MacDonald, Sarah
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COMPUTER viruses ,COMPUTER security - Abstract
States that the Love Bug computer virus has drawn attention to computer intrusion in the United States financial services industry. Advice for customers not to save bank passwords on their computers.
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- 2000
13. No Pattern in Enforcement Data.
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MacDONALD, SARAH
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BANKING policy ,GOVERNMENT agencies - Abstract
Reports on the level of enforcement activities at four banking industry regulators in the United States in spring 2000. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.; Federal Reserve Board; Office of the Comptroller of the Currency; Office of Thrift Supervision.
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- 2000
14. Association Between Congenital Cytomegalovirus and the Prevalence at Birth of Microcephaly in the United States.
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Messinger CJ, Lipsitch M, Bateman BT, He M, Huybrechts KF, MacDonald S, Mogun H, Mott K, and Hernández-Díaz S
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- Cytomegalovirus isolation & purification, Cytomegalovirus Infections diagnosis, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Microcephaly virology, Neonatal Screening, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States, Cytomegalovirus Infections congenital, Infant, Newborn, Diseases diagnosis, Microcephaly diagnosis, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious virology
- Abstract
Importance: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) has received far less clinical and public health attention as a teratogenic infection than the Zika virus epidemic. However, cCMV may be responsible for a large fraction of microcephaly cases in the United States., Objective: To evaluate the association between cCMV and the prevalence at birth of microcephaly in the United States., Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based cohort study included pregnant women and their newborns identified in 2 insurance claims databases from the United States: Medicaid Analytic eXtract (January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2013) and IBM Research MarketScan, a database for employer-sponsored private health insurance (January 1, 2011, to September 30, 2015). All pregnancies that resulted in live births in women with full health benefits were included. Analysis began June 2016 and ended May 2020., Exposures: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection documented in inpatient or outpatient newborn claims records., Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was microcephaly at birth documented in inpatient or outpatient newborn and/or maternal claims records. Cases with chromosomal abnormalities or neural tube defects were excluded. The association between cCMV and microcephaly was estimated in the pooled cohort using prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs., Results: In the pooled cohort of 2 338 580 pregnancies (2 075 410 pregnancies [88.7%] were among women younger than 35 years), 336 infants (0.014%) had a cCMV diagnosis. The prevalence of microcephaly among newborns with and without a cCMV diagnosis was 655 and 2.8 per 10 000 live births, respectively (PR, 232; 95% CI, 154-350). After restricting to CMV-tested newborns (572 [0.024%]) to correct for preferential testing of infants with microcephaly, the PR was 15 (95% CI, 5.2-41). However, this PR is biased if other cCMV-related outcomes (eg, hearing loss) trigger testing because cCMV prevalence in tested infants, with ([46%]) or without microcephaly (22 of 559 [3.9%]), would overestimate that in the source population. Therefore, the prevalence of cCMV in overall infants with microcephaly (22 of 669 [3.2%]) was compared with that from an external unbiased sample of US infants screened at birth (449 of 100 332 [0.45%]) to estimate a PR of 7.4 (95% CI, 4.8-11.5) as a conservative lower bound., Conclusions and Relevance: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection increases the prevalence of microcephaly at birth by at least 7-fold. Prevention of CMV infection during pregnancy might substantially reduce the number of newborns with microcephaly and other cCMV-related outcomes in the United States.
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- 2020
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15. Identifying pregnancies in insurance claims data: Methods and application to retinoid teratogenic surveillance.
- Author
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MacDonald SC, Cohen JM, Panchaud A, McElrath TF, Huybrechts KF, and Hernández-Díaz S
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- Abnormalities, Drug-Induced etiology, Administrative Claims, Healthcare statistics & numerical data, Adolescent, Adult, Databases, Factual statistics & numerical data, Drug Prescriptions statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Exposure adverse effects, Maternal Exposure statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Rate, Prevalence, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing statistics & numerical data, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Abnormalities, Drug-Induced epidemiology, Isotretinoin adverse effects, Pregnancy Outcome epidemiology, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing methods, Tretinoin adverse effects
- Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to develop an algorithm to identify pregnancies in administrative databases and apply it to assess pregnancy rates and outcomes in women prescribed isotretinoin or tretinoin., Methods: Using the 2011 to 2015 Truven Health MarketScan Database, we identified pregnancies, including losses and terminations. In a cohort design, nonpregnant women filling a prescription for isotretinoin or tretinoin were matched to five women without either prescription. Women were followed for 365 days or until conception, medication discontinuation, or enrollment discontinuation ("prescription episode"). Rates of pregnancy, risks of pregnancy losses, and prevalence of infant malformations at birth were assessed by exposure., Results: We identified 2 179 192 livebirths, 8434 stillbirths, 2521 mixed births, 415 110 spontaneous abortions, 124 556 elective terminations, and 8974 unspecified abortions. There were 86 834 isotretinoin and 973 587 tretinoin episodes, matched to 5 302 105 unexposed women. Pregnancy rates were 3 (isotretinoin), 19 (tretinoin), and 34 (unexposed) per 1000 person-years. Risk of spontaneous pregnancy losses were similar; however, terminations were more common in the isotretinoin-exposed (28% [95% CI: 21%-36%]) than the tretinoin-exposed (10% [95% CI: 9%-11%]) or unexposed pregnancies (6%). Malformations occurred in 4.5% (95% CI: 3.5%-5.6%) of the tretinoin-exposed pregnancies and 4.2% of the unexposed pregnancies (adjusted odds ratio: 1.16 [95% CI: 0.85-1.58]); isotretinoin-exposed births were too few to assess malformations., Conclusions: Administrative databases can complement risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) for known teratogens and contribute to safety surveillance for other medications. Here, isotretinoin-exposed pregnancy rates were low, but existent, and many pregnancies were terminated. Tretinoin exposure was not associated with a meaningfully elevated risk of losses or malformations as compared with unexposed pregnancies., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
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- 2019
- Full Text
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16. Use and safety of disease-modifying therapy in pregnant women with multiple sclerosis.
- Author
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MacDonald SC, McElrath TF, and Hernández-Díaz S
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- Abnormalities, Drug-Induced epidemiology, Abortion, Spontaneous chemically induced, Abortion, Spontaneous epidemiology, Administrative Claims, Healthcare statistics & numerical data, Adult, Cesarean Section statistics & numerical data, Female, Glatiramer Acetate administration & dosage, Glatiramer Acetate adverse effects, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents adverse effects, Infant, Newborn, Interferon-beta administration & dosage, Interferon-beta adverse effects, Pregnancy, Premature Birth chemically induced, Premature Birth epidemiology, United States epidemiology, Immunosuppressive Agents administration & dosage, Multiple Sclerosis drug therapy, Pregnancy Complications drug therapy
- Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe dispensing patterns and comparative safety of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) during pregnancy in women with multiple sclerosis (MS)., Methods: We identified pregnancies from the Truven Health Marketscan® Commercial Claims and Encounters Database (2011-2015) and ascertained MS before delivery from inpatient and outpatient claims. We computed the proportion of women with DMT dispensing claims around pregnancy and estimated risk ratios of spontaneous abortion, infections, cesarean section, preterm delivery, poor fetal growth, preeclampsia, and major structural malformations by DMT exposure., Results: Of 984 058 pregnancies, 1649 were to women with MS. Thirty-five percent of women with MS filled a prescription for a DMT in the 90 days before pregnancy. DMT use declined during pregnancy but increased again after delivery. Glatiramer acetate and interferon beta were most commonly dispensed. Pregnancies with and without early DMT exposure had similar risks of outcomes to one another and to pregnancies in women without MS. Small numbers did not allow evaluation of specific DMTs., Conclusions: Approximately one third of commercially insured women with MS in the United States uses DMTs before conception. Neither MS itself nor early pregnancy use of DMTs overall seems to be associated with a substantial risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
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- 2019
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17. Frequency of Opioid Dispensing After Vaginal Delivery.
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Prabhu M, Garry EM, Hernandez-Diaz S, MacDonald SC, Huybrechts KF, and Bateman BT
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- Adolescent, Adult, Ambulatory Care statistics & numerical data, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Patient Discharge, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, United States, Young Adult, Analgesics, Opioid therapeutic use, Delivery, Obstetric, Inappropriate Prescribing statistics & numerical data, Pain, Postoperative drug therapy, Practice Patterns, Physicians' statistics & numerical data, Puerperal Disorders drug therapy
- Abstract
Objective: To describe nationwide patterns in outpatient opioid dispensing after vaginal delivery., Methods: Using the Truven Health Analytics MarketScan database, we performed a large, nationwide retrospective cohort study of commercially insured beneficiaries who underwent vaginal delivery between 2003 and 2015 and who were opioid-naive for 12 weeks before the delivery admission. We assessed the proportion of women dispensed an oral opioid within 1 week of discharge, the associated median oral morphine milligram equivalent dose dispensed, and the frequency of opioid refills during the 6 weeks after discharge. We evaluated predictors of opioid dispensing using multivariable logistic regression., Results: Among 1,345,244 women undergoing vaginal delivery, 28.5% were dispensed an opioid within 1 week of discharge. The most commonly dispensed opioids were hydrocodone (44.7%), oxycodone (34.6%), and codeine (13.1%). The odds of filling an opioid were higher among those using benzodiazepines (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.87, 95% CI 1.73-2.02) and antidepressants (adjusted OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.59-1.66), smokers (adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.38-1.51), and among those undergoing tubal ligation (adjusted OR 3.77, 95% CI 3.67-3.87), operative vaginal delivery (adjusted OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.49-1.54), and higher order perineal laceration (adjusted OR 2.15, 95% CI 2.11-2.18). The median (interquartile range, 10th-90th percentile) dose of opioids dispensed was 150 (113-225, 80-345) morphine milligram equivalents, equivalent to 20 tablets (interquartile range 15-30, 10th-90th percentile 11-46) of 5 mg oxycodone. Six weeks after discharge, 8.5% of women filled one or more additional opioid prescriptions., Conclusion: Opioid dispensing after vaginal delivery is common and often occurs at high doses. Given the frequency of vaginal delivery, this may represent an important source of overprescription of opioids in the United States.
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- 2018
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18. Mortality and Morbidity During Delivery Hospitalization Among Pregnant Women With Epilepsy in the United States.
- Author
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MacDonald SC, Bateman BT, McElrath TF, and Hernández-Díaz S
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- Adult, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Odds Ratio, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Epilepsy epidemiology, Epilepsy mortality, Hospitalization, Pregnancy Complications epidemiology, Pregnancy Complications mortality
- Abstract
Importance: Between 0.3% and 0.5% of all pregnancies occur among women with epilepsy. Evidence suggests an increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality among women with epilepsy. However, these risks have not been quantified in large population-based samples., Objective: To report on the risk for death and adverse outcomes at the time of delivery for women with epilepsy in the United States., Design, Setting, and Participants: Retrospective cohort study of pregnant women identified through delivery hospitalization records from the 2007-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. From this representative sample of 20% of all US hospitals, we obtained a weighted sample of delivery hospitalizations from 69 385 women with epilepsy and 20 449 532 women without epilepsy., Main Outcomes and Measures: Obstetrical outcomes including maternal death, cesarean delivery, length of stay, preeclampsia, preterm labor, and stillbirth., Results: Women with epilepsy had a risk of death during delivery hospitalization of 80 deaths per 100 000 pregnancies, significantly higher than the 6 deaths per 100 000 pregnancies found among women without epilepsy (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 11.46 [95% CI, 8.64-15.19]). Women with epilepsy were also at a heightened risk for other adverse outcomes, including preeclampsia (adjusted OR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.54-1.63]), preterm labor (adjusted OR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.50-1.57]), and stillbirth (adjusted OR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.17-1.38]), and had increased health care utilization, including an increased risk of cesarean delivery (adjusted OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.38-1.42]) and prolonged length of hospital stay (>6 days) among both women with cesarean deliveries (adjusted OR, 2.13 [95% CI, 2.03-2.23]) and women with vaginal deliveries (adjusted OR, 2.60 [95% CI, 2.41-2.80])., Conclusions and Relevance: Findings suggest that women with epilepsy are at considerably heightened risk for many adverse outcomes during their delivery hospitalization, including a more than 10-fold increased risk of death, and that increased clinical attention is imperative for these pregnancies.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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