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Primers used in the study. Table S2. Analysis of post infection serum. Figure S1. Western blot of total E. tenella sporozoite extract against chicken sera immunised by infection with different transgenic or wild-type populations of E. tenella. Lane 1: Et-Act-vvVP2-P6; lane 2: Et-TIF-vvVP2-P2; lane 3: Et-Act-gI -P5; lane 4: Et-TIF-gI-P2; lane 5: E. tenella (wt); lanes 6â 7: non-immunised; lane 8: positive control (anti-EtMic2); lane 9: Coomassie blue of E. tenella sporozoite extract; lane 10: Mw. Rabbit anti-chicken IgG antibody HRP conjugate or goat anti-mouse IgG antibody HRP (for EtMic2) conjugate at 1/1000 dilution were used as secondary antibody. (DOCX 3094Â kb)

The University of British Columbia is committed to sustainability projects and implementing infrastructure that can improve sorting behaviour (Sustainability Plans, n.d.). The research question for this study is: does adding a lid to a garbage bin that is part of a larger sorting station - in which lids are already present - increase sorting behaviour? Through a covert naturalistic observation, 181 participants were observed and coded as they used the sorting stations present in the Irving K. Barber library. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation of 0.21, suggesting that lid presence on garbage bins is correlated to increases in effective sorting behaviour. Based on this study, UBC is recommended to add lids to the garbage bins at sorting stations in which other lids are present to increase sorting behaviour. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”

The idea of organisations taking responsibilities for health has both theoretical and political relevance. However, there is a need to develop a clearer understanding of how organisations conceptualise and respond to such policy initiatives across a range of sectors. Research was commissioned by the Welsh Assembly Government to explore perceptions of responsibility at different levels including individual, organisational and state roles and responsibilities for health improvement amongst the general public and key stakeholders. This report focuses on the results of a pilot survey conducted with 688 representatives across the business, education and local government sectors in Wales. The overall response rate was 31%, with 14.3% for local authorities, 14.9% for business, 38.8% for secondary schools and 52.0% for primary schools. Follow-up stages appeared to be effective in increasing the response but samples were very small, and the response rate was too low to justify an extensive statistical analysis. Data from the questionnaires are presented as a description of a non-representative group subject to potential measurement error. Results from business respondents suggest that they accept some degree of responsibility for the health of employees and customers in the area of accidents and injuries. Otherwise they take very little action to promote health and most do not want to do any more. Reasons given included a lack of resources, training and information, a lack of need and individuals being responsible for their own health. Results for both primary and secondary schools suggest that schools accept a high degree of responsibility for promoting the health of pupils. All report participation in more than one health-promotion initiative and many say they would like to do more. The report also includes resource and methodological implications for future survey work of this kind.

The idea of organisations taking responsibilities for health has both theoretical and political relevance. However, there is a need to develop a clearer understanding of how organisations conceptualise and respond to such policy initiatives across a range of sectors. Research was commissioned by the Welsh Assembly Government to explore perceptions of responsibility at different levels including individual, organisational and state roles and responsibilities for health improvement amongst the general public and key stake holders. This report focuses on the in-depth interviews with representatives across the health, local government, education, voluntary and community, business and media sectors in Wales. This study provided further insights into who is acting to improve health and well-being, why these actions are being taken, how health improvement is being enacted and who organisations are working with to achieve this. Although overall, responsibility for improving health is largely taken and enacted by the statutory sector, there is a spectrum of more and less active organisations within all of the sectors. This study has highlighted a number of good examples of work undertaken within different spheres of influence but there are policy implications for the way in which the more active organisations could be better supported. Also, developing an evidence base on what works in terms of health improvement could quickly be put into motion across different sectors and the effectiveness of this would be optimised by building in an element of good practice sharing and peer support between local level organisations. In terms of ongoing research priorities there is still a need to understand more fully the drivers behind the actions of more active organisations, understand the nature of corporate responsibility in the less active organisations and unpack influences on management perspectives.

Smoking cessation is well documented to be a clinically effective and cost effective health care intervention for adults. However, there has been limited research about whether the provision of smoking cessation services would be as appropriate for the adolescent age group, given the differences in their smoking behaviour and attitude. Following pilot adolescent smoking cessation schemes in Denmark, the Netherlands and Wales, the Welsh Assembly Government led the development of further pilot projects in: Belgium; Denmark; Greece; the Netherlands; Portugal; the Slovak Republic; Spain and Wales. Most projects delivered school-based weekly cessation sessions over a six to eight week period focussing on 16 to 18 year olds. However, there was variation in the approach adopted and in the contexts in which projects operated. Researchers from the Cardiff Institute of Society, Health and Ethics (CISHE) were appointed to evaluate the EU funded pilot programme focussing on a process evaluation of how the programme was implemented, delivered and supported in three case study countries. This report includes key lessons about what works in terms of setting up and implementing projects with a particular focus on adapting smoking cessation activities for adults to the different and changing needs of adolescents.

The Townsend review of the arrangements for allocating resources for health and health services in Wales, ‘Targeting Poor Health’, recommended a ‘dual strategy’ for tackling health inequalities in Wales by action both within and outside the NHS. The review recommended the provision of equity training grants (to increase awareness and understanding of health inequalities and inequities in access to health care) and advocacy grants (to stimulate new action locally to address unmet needs). The Welsh Assembly Government set up a pilot programme to assess the potential value of these grants which were aimed at health professionals and their partners outside the NHS. The pilot funded 25 projects in three Local Health Board areas between December 2003 and March 2004. An independent evaluation clarified the mechanisms driving the programme and assessed the potential of Equity Training and Advocacy Grants to address health inequalities. The programme provided small pots of funding to raise awareness amongst health professionals about health inequalities and also stimulated some new local action. This report presents the findings from the evaluation and describes the sorts of projects that were funded, the key crosscutting findings, and suggest what the main challenges might be to the future of such a programme.

Taxonomy has been described as “the science of documenting biodiversity”, which involves collecting, naming, describing, identifying and classifying specimens of organisms (Keogh, 1995). Descriptions are the fundamental information units used in the process of constructing classifications and communicating taxonomic concepts. The quality of stored description data is limited by the lack of a formal model and methodology for composing specimen descriptions, and by the absence of an agreed defined terminology. This impedes the communication, interpretation and reuse of original descriptions. This paper describes a novel approach to composing and recording taxonomic descriptions of botanical specimens. An underlying model for creating character descriptions is presented together with a process for creating an ontology of defined terms, which will be used to compose these description elements. It is hoped that these developments will facilitate the unambiguous interpretation of descriptions and enhance the taxonomic process.