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AbstractA theoretical study is carried out to explore the heat and mass transfer features in the flow of two types nanofluid, i.e., Al2O3/H2O micropolar nanofluid and (Al2O3+Ag)/H2O hybrid nanofluid, adjacent to a solid sphere. Furthermore, simultaneous effects of linear thermal radiation and chemical reaction are also explored on the heat and mass transfer characteristics. In mathematical formulation basic conservation laws are utilized along with the Soret and Doufer effects as a coupling agents in the energy and mass concentration equations. The normalized variables are used to transform the governing system of non-linear partial differential equations into the system of dimensionless partial differential equations. Stream function reduces the number of dependent variables and the resulting system is solved numerically by Keller box method. Several plots are presented to explore the impact of involved parameters on the different profiles and engineering interest quantities for both types of fluids. The temperature profile and Nusselt number are large in magnitude for hybrid nanofluid as compared to Al2O3/water based nanofluid. The heat transfer and mass transfer rates rises with thermal radiation parameter and chemical reaction parameter, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of heat as well as mass transfer due to ferromagnetic flow of Oldroyd‐B nanofluid is addressed. The additional thermal source like heat source, thermal radiation, and activation energy features has been implemented to extend the dynamic of flow problem. The source of flow is moving stretching surface with magnetic dipole impact. The convective boundary conditions are implemented. The Boungrino nanofluid model is used to observe the thermophoresis and Brownian motion consequences. The mathematical modeling of problem in view of flow assumptions will be converted into the non‐dimensional form. The numerical shooting technique will be implemented for presenting the approximate simulations. After verifying the solution accuracy, the physical dynamic of problem with variation of parameter is presented. It is noticed that the velocity profile reduces due to ferrohydrodynamic interaction parameter. An enhanced thermal profile is observed due to relaxation time constant and ferrohydrodynamic interaction parameter. Furthermore, the concentration profile reduces for retardation time constant parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant photosynthesis is mainly dependent on leaf color, and this has an impact on yield. Mutants lacking in chlorophyll have been analyzed to gain insight into the genetic processes involved in photosynthesis, chloroplast development, and chlorophyll metabolism. A yellow-to-lethal mutant, ytl, was selected from the M6 generation of the 60Coγ ray irradiation-treated soybean cultivar Nannong 1138-2. The mutant exhibited reduced chlorophyll content, with the thylakoid structure disrupted. Segregation of the cross between Williams 82 (W82) and ytl indicated that a recessive allele controlled yellow-to-lethal traits. The bulked-segregant analysis (BSA)-Seq method performed preliminary mapping, followed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker validation and further mapping. The candidate gene was mapped to a 418 Kb region containing 53 genes. High-throughput sequencing and first-generation sequencing results showed a two bp deletion in the second exon of Glyma.08g106500, leading to a frameshift mutation in ytl. As a promising candidate gene, Glyma.08g106500 encoded a chloroplast-localized pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) domain-containing protein involved in the assembly of chloroplast proteins. These results will contribute to cloning the mutant ytl gene and provide insight into the regulatory processes controlling photosynthesis and chloroplast development and growth in soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of selective increase of the single dose of PTV on the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. Methods A total of 302 patients with esophageal cancer who were treated in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University. The prognostic factors of the whole group were analyzed, and the composition ratios of the two groups with different single doses of PTV were compared. According to the Cox multi-factor analysis results, the PSM method was used for 1:1 matching, and the prognostic factors of the matched two groups were analyzed. Results The median OS of the whole group was 30.0 months (HR: 3.319, 95%CI: 23.495-36.505), and the median DFS was 21.3 months ( HR: 1.838, 95%CI: 7.698-24.902). Multivariate analysis showed that chemotherapy, cTNM staging, and the single dose of PTV were independent prognostic factors for OS (all P < 0.05) and DFS (all P < 0.05). According to the multivariate analysis results, 90 patients in each group were compared with 1:1 after PSM. After PSM, multivariate analysis results showed that cTNM staging and the single dose of PTV were the independent prognosis influencing factors of OS; chemotherapy, cTNM staging and the single dose of PTV were the independent prognostic factors of DFS; there was no significant difference in ≥2 grade acute side effects between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis of patients with a single dose of 2Gy and > 2Gy in the SIB-IMRT group showed that the OS and DFS of the latter were significantly better than the former (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The selective increase of the single dose of PTV could improve the survival of patients undergoing radicalized esophageal cancer without increasing the side effects.