Search

This research investigates the multifaceted effects of electromagnetic and optical radiation on physical and biological entities, spanning a spectrum from fundamental physical interactions to intricate biological responses. The study encompasses electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. It aims to elucidate the diverse consequences of electromagnetic radiation on physical objects, considering phenomena such as heating, photoelectric emission, and ionisation. Concurrently, the research delves into the intricate interactions between electromagnetic radiation and biological entities, encompassing ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Furthermore, the research seeks to understand the impact of artificial light sources, especially those rich in blue wavelengths, on circadian rhythms, photosynthesis in plants, and animal vision. It also illustrates the Artifact introduced by electromagnetic and optical radiation in medical imaging. We proposed the Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction (MBIR) method to address the Artifact Reduction. The findings are anticipated to contribute to developing strategies for mitigating potential risks and harnessing beneficial applications in various scientific, medical, and technological domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Physical Technical Journal is the property of E.A. Buketov Karaganda University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose. To improve the measurement and information base of ultrasonic measurements rock characteristics to assess their mineralogical varieties. It is proposed to use a combination of measurement results of the acoustic quality factor of the test sample in relation to longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves, as well as the characteristic coefficient based on the dispersion and the average amplitude value of the received signal, for fuzzy identification of mineralogical and technological varieties of iron ore. Methods. As elastic waves propagate through the rock mass, they undergo attenuation due to absorption and dissipation of ultrasonic signal energy. The degree of attenuation, as well as the wave propagation velocity, is dependent on the physical mechanical and chemical-mineralogical properties of the medium through which they travel. In this paper, we analyze a rock characterized by a complex structure comprising ore inclusions and surrounding matrix, each of which differs in its physical mechanical and chemical-mineralogical properties. In particular, in iron ore samples, the distribution of mineral grains and aggregates exhibits significant heterogeneity in terms of both amount and size. Findings. An iterative method of fuzzy identification of mineralogical-technological iron ore varieties, based on the analysis of their properties in vector space of features, allows, by minimizing the sums of weighted distances between the analyzed and reference values of ultrasonic measurement results, to attribute them with a certain degree of belonging to the main technological types of ores mined at the deposit, and define them as magnetite quartzite with a confidence probability of 0.93. Originality. As an information base for identification of mineralogical iron ore varieties, the results of measuring the velocity and attenuation of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves of appropriate frequency are used, on the basis of which the acoustic quality factor of the rock sample is calculated, as well as the characteristic parameter S, which is determined by the dispersion and average values of the received ultrasonic signal intensity, which has traveled a certain distance in the studied environment. Practical implications. The results of tests and practical approbation of the method for identifying mineralogical iron ore varieties based on the data of ultrasonic well logging testify to its high efficiency, which allows recommending the developed scientific-technical solutions for wide industrial application at mining enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Отримання якісного високодисперсного розчину солі може бути реалізовано з сольового розчину методом ультразвукового впливу. Як відомо, концентровані сольові розчини можуть бути представлені у вигляді газорідинного середовища. Вплив ультразвуку, в разі змочування тонким шаром, вібруючої з ультразвуковою частотою, поверхні, призводить до утворення кавітаційного прошарку в шарі рідини та капілярних хвиль на його поверхні, з гребнів яких, при певній інтенсивності коливань, зриваються дрібнодисперсні краплини аерозолю. Відрив крапель з вібруючої поверхні призводить до розпорошення сольового розчину з подальшим поділом гідродинамічних процесів. Подальший технологічний процес пов’язаний з тим, що розпорошений сольовий потік може бути представлений у вигляді трьох методів подальшої переробки рідкого середовища: гравітаційного стікання з вертикальної твердої поверхні; дроблення крапель у кавітаційному потоці та обробки розчину під дією відцентрових сил. При розпиленні рідини в першому випадку – формується тонка рідинна плівка, що гравітаційно стікає з вертикальної поверхні з виміром своєї товщини за рахунок дифузії або випарювання. Цей процес залежить від числа Рейнольдса і здійснюється на ділянці, що характеризується інтенсивністю дифузії. З метою інтенсифікації процесу виділення солі в даному випадку поверхня, на якій формується плівка може бути профільованою. Паралельно даному процесу в технологічному обладнанні, що розглядається, передбачено процес випаровування дрібнодисперсного аерозолю в високотемпературному турбулентному потоці повітря. Дроблення сольового розчину до дрібнодисперсного стану дозволяє суттєво збільшити поверхню контакту з нагрітим повітрям, що дозволяє інтенсифікувати процес дифузії. Таким чином, у розглянутій статті подається фізико-хімічне моделювання процесу виділення солі з сольових розчинів на основі її кавітаційної ультразвукової обробки з подальшим використанням методів фізико-хімічної гідромеханіки.

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ: Детская кардиохирургия сопровождается высокой частотой развития острой дыхательной недостаточности в раннем послеоперационном периоде. Врач — анестезиолог-реаниматолог часто сталкивается с необходимостью принятия быстрого и верного решения о тактике интенсивной терапии, учитывая тяжесть состояния детей, ограниченную возможность транспортировки, а также лучевую нагрузку. Поэтому имеется необходимость в простом, быстром, безопасном и чувствительном методе, доступном врачу — анестезиологу-реаниматологу прикроватно, которая может быть удовлетворена внедрением рутинного ультразвукового исследования (УЗИ) легких. ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Объединить, систематизировать и проанализировать информацию об использовании ультразвукового сканирования легких как метода прикроватной диагностики в детской кардиохирургии. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Двумя независимыми исследователями был проведен систематический поиск статей, опубликованных с 2013 по 2023 г., в соответствии с протоколами PRISMA, в базах данных на английском языке: PubMed, Google scholar и в базах данных на русском языке: eLibrary, Google scholar. Поисковый запрос включал слова на английском языке — «lung ultrasound», «children», «cardiac surgery», «respiratory failure», на русском — «ультразвуковое исследование легких» или «УЗИ легких», «дети», «кардиохирургия», «дыхательная недостаточность». Всего на английском языке найдено 528 статей, из которых 494 исключены после просмотра заголовка или аннотации. На предмет включения рассмотрены полные тексты 34 статей. Из них 20 статей соответствовали как минимум одному критерию исключения. В итоге осталось 14 статей для детального изучения. На русском языке было найдено 897 статей, из которых ни одна не соответствовала условиям систематического обзора. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Были проанализированы 14 публикаций, в которых изучалась роль УЗИ легких у детей кардиохирургического профиля в диагностике и оценке интерстициального синдрома, ателектазов, пневмоторакса, функции диафрагмы и сложных комбинированных поражений легких. Оценивалась полезность использования периоперационного УЗИ легких и эффекта рекрутмента под контролем УЗИ, определялись ультразвуковые предикторы успешной экстубации у детей, перенесших операцию на сердце. ВЫВОДЫ: Анализ литературы показал, что данный метод прикроватной диагностики позволяет диагностировать отек легких, ателектазы, пневмоторакс, оценивать функцию диафрагмы, проводить визуально контролируемые рекрутмент-маневры, прогнозировать успешную экстубацию трахеи у детей кардиохирургического профиля.

An effective method of improving the reliability of operation of thermal and nuclear power facilities is to improve the quality of manufacture, installation and repair of their thermal and generating power equipment. One of the ways to improve the quality, technological and service properties of welded joints in the process of their implementation is to influence the structure of the crystallizing metal by thermal, electric high-intensity impulse effect for its grinding. This work proposes the results of an experimental study to substantiate the production of a fine-grained structure of welded joints obtained using manual arc welding with coated electrodes at a high-intensity impulse effect (QPS) with a fi.g.= 40×103 Gts frequency, voltage Ui.g.= 80.0 V, on the welding circuit. The energy characteristics of the process can be used to assess the effect of high-intensity impulse action on the welding circuit, including the arc plasma and the structure of the resulting weld. As the energy characteristics of the welding process, the welding current Iwd, the voltage on the arc discharge Ud, the power Rp. Oscillograms of the specified characteristics were obtained, as well as the values of the maximum (peak) and average power released in the welding circuit when QPS is exposed to it and without its use were determined. Energy evaluation of input of additional high-intensity pulse effect on welding circuit as ultrasonic energy for cavitations of surface layer of welding bath at QPS was performed. Direct current arc discharge at application of high-intensity pulse effect with frequency of fi.g.= 40×103Gts (QPS) is source of cavitations of liquid phase of metal of welding bath in limited surface layer of preset thickness. It can be assumed that the crystallization of the bath takes place in layers when the welding circuit is subjected to high-intensity pulse exposure with a frequency of fi.g.= 40×103 Gts (QPS). In this case, the growing crystals break when the liquid phase oscillates due to friction forces arising between the moving liquid phase and the growing crystal. At the site of crystal fracture, zones of dynamically super cooled metal are formed, which leads to the appearance of new crystallization centers, and a fine-grained structure of the weld appears.

An advanced oxidation process of ultrasound/MnFe2O4/K2S2O8 was developed for the degradation of diazine dye safranin T, according to which potassium persulfate was coactivated by ultrasonic (US) cavitation and MnFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation in the ultrasonic field. A synthesis product annealed at a temperature of 4000 C, with an average size of MnFe2O4 crystallites of about 7 nm, was used as a catalyst for the decomposition of potassium persulfate. Based on the results of experimental studies on the influence of various factors on the degree and rate constant of safranin T oxidative degradation, as well as considering energy and resource-saving principles, the rational conditions of oxidative degradation were determined as follows: the reaction medium temperature of 600 C, the molar ratio of safranin T:K2S2O8=1:100, the catalyst loading of 0.1 g/l, and the specific power of the ultrasonic cavitation treatment of 51.0 W/l. It was established that under such conditions the oxidative degradation degree of safranin T was equal to 98.3%, and the rate constant was 1.5⋅10–3 s–1. The changes in the UV-Vis spectra of safranin T, namely a decrease in the intensity of absorption bands, both in the visible (at a wavelength of 520 nm) and in the UV (at a wavelength of 275 nm) regions of the spectrum, confirmed the degradation of safranin T. In addition, the absence of the appearance of new peaks in the visible and UV regions of the spectrum indicated mineralization of the dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homogenization is a standard milk processing method used to stabilize fat emulsions against gravitational separation. In the dairy industry, high-pressure homogenization is commonly applied, which requires significant energy input to achieve optimal processing conditions. The size and composition of fat globule membranes affect the sensory and rheological properties of secondary dairy products [1]. Recently, ultrasound has been frequently used for milk homogenization [2]. Unlike ultrasound, mechanical mixing does not provide emulsion stability even after prolonged treatment, highlighting the differences between these two technologies. These differences arise due to the varying degrees of fat globule and membrane disruption. However, dairy products with different physicochemical and functional properties can be produced using both ultrasonic treatment and in combination with other traditional homogenization methods. To study the impact of ultrasonic treatment parameters of milk, specifically their different values, on the size of fat inclusions and the stability of milk emulsion over a certain period after treatment. The study employed an experimental method of milk processing using an ultrasonic cavitation unit. The impact of ultrasonic cavitation on the quality of milk homogenization in a steady volume was investigated. Optimal process parameters, specifically the power of the ultrasonic field and treatment time, were experimentally determined. The use of ultrasonic frequency greater than 33 kHz was found to be impractical. It was experimentally proven that ultrasonic cavitation treatment of milk is extremely effective for obtaining homogeneous emulsions. Given that excessive heating (> 65 °C) is undesirable in the production of dairy products from a technological standpoint, a definite advantage of this method is the low-temperature (50 °C) mode compared to traditional processing methods (75–80 °C), which also positively affects the preservation of nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of ultrasound in the determination of chromium in table salt using the extraction of the macrocomponent was investigated. The method of extractive separation of the base allows determination of the chromium content in table salt without destroying organic substances. Optimal conditions for dissolving the base in hydrogen peroxide (90 %) were experimentally established: temperature - from -20 to -25 °C, ultrasound frequency 18-44 kHz, intensity 0.5-0.8 W/cm², action time 20-25 s, respectively. At the same time, the maximum possible solubility of sodium chloride in hydrogen peroxide is achieved - up to 42 g/100 ml. It was established that the simultaneous use of high-frequency ultrasound (1.0-2.0 MHz, 0.25-0.50 W/cm²) and low-frequency ultrasound (18-100 kHz, 0.15-0.25 W/cm²) increases the solubility of sodium chloride in hydrogen peroxide from 42 to 47 g/100 ml, increase the degree of extraction of the injected part of chromium from 94-95 to 98-99 %. Methods for determining chromium content in common salt using low-frequency ultrasound, as well as simultaneous action of high- and low-frequency ultrasound with improved metrological characteristics of the results of analysis of common salt, have been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Гомогенізація є стандартним процесом обробки молока, який використовується для стабілізації жирової емульсії від гравітаційного осадження. У молочній промисловості зазвичай застосовується гомогенізація під високим тиском, що вимагає значних енерговитрат для досягнення оптимальних умов обробки. Розмір і склад мембрани жирових кульок впливають на сенсорні та реологічні властивості вторинних молочних продуктів [1]. Останнім часом для гомогенізації молока часто використовують ультразвук [2]. На відміну від ультразвуку, механічне змішування не забезпечує стабільності емульсій навіть після тривалої обробки, що підкреслює відмінності між цими двома технологіями. Ці відмінності виникають через різний ступінь руйнування жирових кульок та мембран. Проте, молочні продукти з різними фізико-хімічними та функціональними властивостями можуть бути виготовлені як за допомогою ультразвукової обробки, так і в поєднанні з іншими традиційними методами гомогенізації. Дослідження впливу параметрів ультразвукової обробки молока, а саме різних їх значень, на розмір жирових включень та стабільність молочної емульсії протягом певного часу після обробки. В роботі було використано дослідний метод обробки молока за допомогою ультразвукової кавітаційної установки. Досліджено вплив ультразвукової кавітації на якість гомогенізації молока в сталому об’ємі. Експериментальним шляхом визначено оптимальні параметри процесу, а саме потужність ультразвукового поля та час обробки. Встановлено недоцільність використання частоти ультразвуку більшої за 33 кГц. Експериментальним шляхом було доведено надзвичайну ефективність ультразвукової кавітаційної обробки молока для отримання однорідних емульсій. З огляду на те, що надмірне нагрівання (˃ 65 °С) є небажаним при виробництві молочних продуктів з технологічної точки зору, безумовною перевагою цього методу, є низькотемпературний (50 °С), у порівнянні з традиційними способами обробки (75–80 °С), режим, що також позитивно впливає на збереження поживних речовин.

У статті розглянуто відомі методи дегазації робочих рідин. Наведений стислий опис відомих методів дегазації, надано аналіз їх переваг та недоліків. Наголос зроблено на ультразвуковому методі дегазації, який реалізується за допомогою малоамплітудних та високоамплітудних ультразвукових випромінювачів. Представлені ілюстративні фотоматеріали експериментального дослідження ультразвукового методу дегазації із залученням п’єзоелектричних перетворювачів. Сформульовано необхідність додаткового проведення робіт з метою підвищення ефективності ультразвукової дегазації шляхом експериментального дослідження впливу на процес дегазації частоти, амплітуди та інтенсивності ультразвукових коливань

Актуальность работы. В статье рассматривается возможный механизм усиления и генерации электромагнитного излучения при подготовке землетрясения, во время и после него (афтершоки). Как установлено ранее при прохождении через ионный кристалл диэлектрика ультразвука достаточной интенсивности в кристалле генерируется электромагнитное излучение на частоте ультразвука и вдвое меньшей частоте. Результаты получены на магматических горных породах (базальты, габбро, граниты). Цель исследований. Исследование и анализ механизма усиления и генерации электромагнитного излучения при прохождении акустических волн через магматические горные породы. Методика исследований. При проведении исследований применялись методы геофизики и инженерной геологии, математическое моделирование, теория струн, методы кристаллографии и минералогии. Результаты исследований. В результате проведенных исследований определено, что при импульсном акустическом возбуждении амплитудные параметры электромагнитной совместимости существенно зависят от проводимости горной породы. Заключение. Случайные соединения «конденсаторов» с учетом их колебаний в поле сейсмических волн могут приводить к возрастанию суммарного потенциала (средний потенциал-мультипликаторы), а во-вторых, в поле ударной волны Т нужно заменить на эффективную температуру, что может на несколько порядков увеличить эффективный заряд и интенсивность ЭМИ. Таким образом, при трещинообразовании и распространении мощных акустических волн в горных породах практически все входящие в эти породы компоненты должны вносить вклады в генерацию ЭМИ

The article provides an analytical review of known methods of degassing process liquids. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of known methods of degassing these liquids is presented. Emphasis is placed on the ultrasonic method of degas-sing, which is implemented by introducing an ultrasonic deformation wave into the liquid. The review shows different types of ultrasonic emitters built according to half-wave and wave acoustic schemes. Photographic materials and graphics of an exper-imental study of the ultrasonic method of degassing technological liquids with the involvement of piezoelectric transducers are used. The physical model of the process of ultrasonic degassing of the above-mentioned liquids is considered in the article. The necessity of carrying out works with the aim of additional study and improvement of the efficiency of ultrasonic degassing of technological liquids by means of an experimental study of the effect on the degassing process of the frequency, amplitude and intensity of ultrasonic oscillations is emphasized. Conclusions were made regarding the prospects of using the ultrasonic meth-od of liquid degassing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

У роботі розглянуто традиційні методи первинної обробки молочної сировини та обґрунтовано перспективу використання ультразвуку для обробки молока нетермічними методами. Описано механізм ультразвукової гомогенізації, розглянуто конструктивні особливості та основні складові частини устаткування для ультразвукової обробки молока. Досліджено вплив ультразвукової обробки на органолептичні властивості молочних продуктів у порівнянні з традиційними методами обробки. Розглянуто експериментальний метод ультразвукової гомогенізації молока за допомогою установки з ультразвуковим кавітатором.

В статье представлены результаты разработки дисковых ультразвуковых излучателей 4 разных типов и даны рекомендации по области их возможного применения. Представлены диаграммы направленности разработанных излучателей и зависимости ослабления звукового давления от расстояния до излучателя и приведены их основные характеристики. Показано, что плоская фронтальная поверхность дискового излучателя на расстоянии 1 метр обеспечивает излучение с уровнем звукового давления порядка 152 дБ. Ступенчато-переменная фронтальная поверхность диска позволяет формировать уровень звукового давления в пределах 155 дБ. При осуществлении фокусировки в точке фокуса обеспечивается уровень звукового давления 173-177 дБ, при этом на расстоянии 1 метр уровень падает до 145-151 дБ за счет расхождения колебаний.

The issue of extending the shelf life and preserving the quality of dairy products is crucial on an industrial scale. Therefore, one of the technological stages in milk preparation is the homogenization process, which significantly affects the quality and structure of dairy products. Traditional homogenization involves subjecting the raw material to high pressure, which can lead to texture deterioration and loss of valuable substances. Additionally, this process is energy-intensive. Hence, there is a need to explore alternative methods, including the impact of ultrasonic treatment on milk homogenization and its feasibility in industrial settings. Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of alternative methods for processing milk that can extend its shelf life without compromising its quality compared to traditional pressure-based processing. This is achieved by evaluating the parameters of homogenized milk (such as the fraction of fat globules) following ultrasonic treatment. Methodology: An experimental approach utilizing ultrasonic homogenization of milk with an ultrasonic cavitation device was employed. Results: The study examined the impact of ultrasonic treatment on the sensory properties of milk and obtained experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of ultrasound at an intensity of 20 W/cm² at various temperatures. Conclusions: The experiment’s results confirm the effectiveness of ultrasound for milk homogenization in the production of dairy products. An optimal temperature range for processing (from 55 to 70°C) was identified to achieve the highest level of homogenization, significantly lower than the temperature used in traditional homogenization. Therefore, this method does not negatively affect the physical and chemical properties of dairy products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Improvement of the method for estimating sedimentation process parameters of the slurry solid phase particles in thickener on the basis of measurements of the nonlinear characteristics of ultrasonic waves propagating in a controlled medium. Methodology. The following methods were used: analysis of scientific results and practical developments; methods of mathematical statistics for evaluating the results of experiments; methods of analytical synthesis; methods of numerical modeling for the synthesis and analysis of a mathematical model. Findings. It was established that the nonlinearity of the process of propagation of ultrasonic waves in ore slurry, which is determined by the number and size of crushed ore particles in it, can be estimated by determining the amplitudes of several harmonics of the measured acoustic signal. This approach allows maintaining the productivity of the desliming process in accordance with the characteristics of the ore suspension, without allowing the loss of valuable components. Obtaining real-time information about the characteristics of the particle sedimentation process in the ore suspension at the initial stage enables reducing the duration of transitional processes in the control system. Originality. The method for estimating the parameters of the deposition of the solid phase of the pulp in the thickener has been improved, which is based on the fact that the nonlinearity of the process of propagation of a controlled ultrasonic signal in the thickener; this leads to modulation of the generated ultrasonic packet and, consequently, the appearance of higher harmonics. To obtain a more accurate estimate of the nonlinearity of this process, all the values obtained must be normalized to represent only the relative changes in the acoustic nonlinear response. Practical value. A system for automatic control of the thickener operation is proposed, which uses nonlinear ultrasonic measurements to estimate the parameters of the sedimentation of the solid phase of the pulp in the thickener. According to the results of industrial tests of the system of automatic control of the thickener based on ultrasonic control devices, it was established that its use as part of the automated control system for the technological processes of beneficiation of iron ore raw materials at the ore beneficiation factory of the Northern mining works will allow reducing water consumption by 3.5 % and iron-magnetite losses by 0.6–0.7 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study objects were the Republic of Kazakhstan selection apple sorts: “Baiterek”, “Sarkyt” and “Saya”, also pear sorts: “Syilyk”, “Zhazdyk” and “Nagima”. Study of the process of moisture evaporation within vacuum drying of the fruits has essential value in the nutritional value saving. Basically, the product evaporative capacity is characterized by the evaporation resistance coefficient ‒ µ. Also during moisture removal, thermodynamic state of moisture changes that is described by water activity indicator ‒ aw. Experimental determination of these parameters allows for the analyzing moisture evaporation during vacuum drying process. Studies have established the following evaporation resistance coefficients: µ=2.03±0.07 for apple sorts and µ=2.3±0.05 for pear sorts. Either water activity decreases from 1.0 to 0.62±0.01 for apple sorts and from 1.0 to 0.65±0.04 for pear sorts. Two drying periods are discovered. The first drying period: 5.45–6.10 h for apple sorts; and 6.12–6.25 h. for pear sorts. The second drying period duration: 4.15–3.50 h for apple sorts; and 4.35–4.48 h for pear sorts. The critical humidity value: 27.1±2.1 % for apple sorts; and 30.1±2.5 % for pear sorts. Comparative analysis of calculated and experimental data shows maximum deviations 22.5 % for apple sorts and 23 % for pear sorts. The proposed equation for the calculating a moisture evaporation rate, considering the product properties and the hygroscopic parameters of air, can be used in practice to study the moisture evaporation dynamics from the product surface. The study results allow for the selecting an optimal mode for vacuum drying of apples and pears sorts in order to safe nutritional value and to produce biologically active additives for the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-Glucans are a group of non-starchy polysaccharides, or (1,3),(1,4)-β-D-glucans, that can be found in the cell walls of several species of bacteria, algae, lichens, fungi, and cereal grains. These carbohydrates are extensively used in food industry, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and healthcare, therefore optimization of the extraction and isolation of β-glucans from grain sources has an especial importance in various fields of biotechnology, drug design, food science and technology. The aim of the study was to develop an optimized technological scheme for isolation of β-glucans from oat bran based on ultrasonic and enzymatic processing of raw material. Materials and methods. β-Glucans were isolated from grinded oat cereals during multi-stage process, which includes extraction of grain fats, hydrobarothermic processing, ultrasonification, enzymatic hydrolysis of concomitant starch and proteins, precipitation of β-glucan fraction by ethanol, centrifugation, and dry-freezing. Yield of β-glucans from raw material and its concentration in the final product were determined after hydrolysis by sulfuric acid or enzymatic cleavage by endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase. Results. As shown by acidic hydrolysis of the final product, the yield of β-glucans was 10.8 ± 0.23% and concentration was 79.6 ± 3.89%, while enzymatic hydrolysis gave 8.7 ± 0.82% and 65.1 ± 4.72%, respectively. Thus, the use of hydrobarothermic and ultrasound pre-treatment of raw material in combination with proteolytic digestion of ballast lipids and proteins allowed producing oat β-glucans in amounts comparable with those in case of acid- or alkali-based procedures. Conclusions. The described technological scheme of β-glucan isolation from oat bran based on sequential hydrobarothermic processing, ultrasonification, and enzymatic removing starch and proteins can be widely used for routine β-glucan production for various purposes in food technology, pharmacological industry, and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An influence of SAS (Тriton Х-100) concentration and ultrasound treatment time on the value of analytical signal at atomic absorption detection of Chromium and Cobalt was studied. It was shown that maximal analytical signal is occurred at using Triton Х-100 (ω = 5 %) solutions and ultrasound treatment within 15 minutes. Sensibility of Chromium detection was increased in 1.53 times and for Cobalt is in 1.41 times. By atomic absorption and X-ray fluorescent methods the composition of the analytes in substances of paracetamol, caffeine and analgin was determined. By variation of the sample mass and by "injected-found out" method we have proved that systematic error is not significant. A method for the determination of chromium and cobalt in pharmaceutical substances has been developed. The detection limit of cobalt is 0.4 μg / l, chromium 0.5 μg / l. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review reflects the latest achievements in the main areas of influence on hypereutectic silumins, which make it possible to significantly increase the complex of their mechanical properties, both in traditional areas such as modification or casting conditions and in relatively recent energy ones. The complex application of various methods, characteristic of recent times, is noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is a continuation of the fundamental study on implementing an innovative method of repairing electric motors using ultrasound. A study of the method of dismantling windings based on ultrasound has been carried out for the purpose of energy efficiency, environmental friendliness and less time spent on the repair cycle of electric motors in terms of removing the stator winding. The investigated dismantling method is optimal for a number of technical issues in comparison with the existing methods for dismantling electric motor windings. In the work, the main focus is on the material of the winding insulation. Lacquer and compound types of insulation of industrial electric motors, which are the main ones everywhere, have been analyzed. The analysis of the impregnating electrical insulating compositions of the stator windings of electric motors and the influence of ultrasound on them during dismantling of the windings of electric motors at different levels of influence of forcing factors: duration and power of ultrasonic action, concentration and temperature of the working solution. The applied mathematical software systems for calculation and modeling guarantee the reliability and rationality of the results of the experiments obtained during the work. A system of equations has been modeled and models of the effect of useful factors relative to each other have been constructed, the results obtained have been optimized and the optimal parameters of both varnish and compound insulation systems have been identified. The optimal parameters of the investigated types of insulation show encouraging results on many important points: duration, energy consumption, environmental friendliness.

In this work, a short review on methods for the synthesis of ultrafine powders of micron- and submicron size is presented. A sonoelectrochemical method was used for the synthesis of Cu powder. It is shown that this technique is quite simple, economical and environmentally friendly. Influence of parameters of the process on the particle size distribution and morphology of copper powder is studied. The resulting powder can be used for in-situ alloying in laser powder bed fusion and as an antibacterial filler. В данной работе представлен краткий обзор методов получения порошков микронных и субмикронных размеров. Для синтеза порошка Cu использовался соноэлектрохимический метод. Показано, что этот метод достаточно прост, экономичен и экологичен. Изучено влияние параметров соноэлектрохимического процесса на гранулометрический состав и морфологию медного порошка. Полученный порошок можно использовать для легирования in-situ при лазерной наплавке порошка и в качестве антибактериального компонента.

Purpose. To develop a method for complex ultrasonic measurement of such parameters of the iron ore slurry flow passing through the working chamber of the magnetic separator as efficiency, concentration and grade size distribution of solid-phase particles. Methodology. The research uses methods of modelling processes of ultrasonic wave propagation in the iron ore slurry. Ultrasonic wave absorption and scattering in water with solid particles and air bubbles are considered. To characterize absorption and scattering of acoustic oscillations by oscillating gas bubbles, concepts of effective cross-sections of attenuation, absorption and scattering are introduced. Findings. The dependence of the phase velocity of asymmetric Lamb waves on the wall thickness of the magnetic separator was obtained. As a result of computer simulation of the process of ultrasonic waves propagation, its time and frequency characteristics were obtained. Based on the data obtained using ultrasonic measurements, the coefficients of the Rozin-Rammler equation for the characteristics of the ore material at various points of the technological line were calculated. Originality. The proposed method of ultrasonic measurement of characteristics of the iron ore slurry in the working chamber of the magnetic separator differs from the existing ones in the fact that the Lamb wave source operates in a wide pattern and is connected by a V-shaped scheme which makes it possible to create a beam of coherent waves propagating both in the container wall (the working separator chamber) and in the measured medium (the iron ore slurry). Practical value. The practical value consists in developing an ultrasonic measuring channel scheme for determining characteristics of the iron ore slurry in the working chamber of the magnetic separator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review collects and analyzes the latest publications related to mobile acoustic corrosion testing of underground pipelines without their decommissioning. The review is caused by the need to conduct inexpensive and mass corrosion monitoring due to the significant wear of underground pipelines. Publications are devoted to passive and active remote acoustic methods. Attention is focused on the advantages and limitations of the physical phenomena used, on the features of diagnostic technologies and on practical application. The review may be useful to researchers in the field of non-destructive testing, developers of diagnostic equipment and technologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal conditions for the flame atomic absorption determination of Zinc and Copper are found. The optimal concentration of Triton X-100 was 4%, and the sonication time was 15 min. The results of the determination were reliably confirmed by X-ray fluorescence and atomic emission analysis methods with inductively coupled plasma. The use of non-ionic surfactant allowed to reduce the surface tension of the analyzed solution, increase its dispersion and the reducing properties of the flame. This made it possible to increase the sensitivity of the atomic absorption determination of copper by 1.5 times and zinc by 1.6 times. Soil sample preparation was performed using ultrasound and surfactants. The content of analytes in the soil was determined using acetylacetones of copper and zinc as standard samples of the composition, which significantly increased the precision and accuracy of metal determination. By varying the mass of the sample and the "added - found" method, it is shown that the systematic error is insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the purposes of energy efficiency, ecology and less time for the cycle of repairing electric motors in the part of the excavation of the stator winding, an innovative method for dismantling ultrasound-based windings has been investigated. From a technical point of view the method has shown to be more optimal in comparison with existing methods of removing the winding. The paper is a continuation of fundamental research on the development of an innovative method of repairing electric motors. It is in this article that the main emphasis is placed on the material from which the insulation of windings is made. Lacquer and compound insulations have been considered being the main types of insulation of industrial electric motors in our country. The analysis of impregnating electrical insulation compositions of motor stator windings has been carried out; the ultrasound effect during the dismantling of motor windings at different levels of influencing factors has been studied, namely duration and power of ultrasonic action, concentration and temperature of the working solution. The validity of the scientific results obtained in the work is confirmed by the correctness of the applied mathematical apparatus and the methods of mathematical modeling, the convergence of the results of numerical modeling and full-scale experiments. A system of equations has been simulated and models of the effect of useful factors relative to each other have been built, the results obtained have been optimized during the experiment and the optimal parameters of both lacquer and compound insulation systems have been identified. The optimal parameters of the types of insulation under study have shown encouraging results on many important points compared to the existing ones: duration, energy consumption, and environmental friendliness. The validity of the conclusions regarding the adequacy of the mathematical models used has been confirmed by the results of experimental studies conducted in the framework of this work of the process of depolymerization of the electric motors' stator windings.

В работе приведены результаты исследования полевых зависимостей потерь заряда кремниевых диффузионных детекторов, которые позволяют идентифицировать одиночные атомы и их скопления, выступающие в роли центров захвата носителей заряда. В электрических полях Е > 1470 В/cм происходит эффективное уменьшение процессов захвата, что проявляется в виде спрямления полевых зависимостей потерь заряда и в сужении спектральных линий. Воздействия – ультразвуковое поле интенсивностью I* = 0,4 Вт/cм2 и частотой f = 15 MГц, на образцы в течение времени t £ 45 минут, приводит к росту амплитуды сигнала. Установлено, что ультразвуковое воздействие приводит к уменьшению потери заряда, времени дрейфа и улучшению энергетического разрешения детекторов. Также следует отметить, что флуктуации рельефа примеси в объеме Si-p-типа сглаживаются после прохождения через него ультразвуковых волн малой мощности в течение длительного времени, о чем свидетельствует значительное уменьшение эффективного размера локальных скоплений дефектов.

The PVA--NH4SCN polymer membranes were prepared by simple solution casting technique by passing ultrasound waves during the preparation. The polymer membranes were subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the incorporation of a salt into the polymer matrix. The scanning electron microscopy images showed the morphological changes of the polymer membrane. The polymer electrolyte (designated as UPVA20) incorporated with the 20 wt.% of the salt had the highest electrical conductivity in the order of 10-4 S cm-1. It was concluded from the dielectric, tangent and modulus spectra that the UPVA20 membrane was good at its properties. Thus, electric double layer capacitor was constructed with UPVA20 membrane as the separator. The capacitance value of the electric double layer capacitor determined from cyclic voltammetry was found to be 1652 mF g-1. The ultrasound assisted preparation of polymer membranes were good at performance when compared with the polymer membranes of ultrasound unassisted preparation. Among all the polymer electrolytes, UPVA20 polymer membrane had high conductivity, potential stability and capacitance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radical prostatectomy was first performed more than 100 years ago and has since become the gold standard in treatment of localized prostate cancer. Open surgery has been almost entirely replaced by robotic operations referred to as robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Th e article introduces the basics of this innovative standard of operative access and tackles medical and historical aspects, oncological, medical and economic management pros and contras of robotic aid over open radical prostatectomy. Surgical trauma in RARP is clearly less pronounced compared to open surgery due to a much earlier postoperative mobilisation and a faster rehabilitation of patients leading to a statistically significant reduction in the length of hospital stay after RARP. Along with advances in intracorporeal imaging with 16-fold optical magnification coupled with shorter urethral catheterisation, RARP facilitates an earlier start of pelvic floor exercises, which reduces postoperative incontinence and need for pain relievers. Th e already mentioned technical advantages of the robotic method hold value to both patient and surgeon by securing instant access for an experienced colleague without interrupting the surgery. Noteworthy, the increasing advancement of robotic systems across the globe is leading urologist surgeons to abandon open operations. A drawback of the robotic method is much higher economic costs. However, greater expenditures may pay off in the long run by shorter hospital stays, faster rehabilitation and fewer complications demanding extra management and care.

The article is devoted to the advantages of ultrasonic technologies in endodontics. One of the issues of the extraction of teeth is the appearance of complications after the pulpitis and periodontitis treatment. It is often connected with the inability of the irrigant to fight the pathogenic microflora of the root dentin. The aim of the research was to find and present to the dental society the method of fighting the microflora of the roots of the teeth. In our research we compared different types of influence on the root microflora with the help of NaOCl solution, the irrigator Rinse-endo and ultrasonic preparation of the roots using the Mini Master machine. It has been found out that the irrigation with NaOCl solution (3%) during the treatment of the chronical apical periodontitis changes only quantitative, not qualitative structure of the microflora. After the ultrasonic preparation on the stage of the treatment of the chronical apical periodontitis the increase of the amount of microorganisms has not been discovered in the majority of cases (95%), which can be a cause to allow this method during chairside treatment.

According to the anonymous doctors questioning, the main causes of objective and subjective possibilities for re-intervention in root canals by physicians at a therapeutic dental reception in different dental clinics of Chelyabinsk city and Chelyabinsk region were studied in detail. The influencing factors for the physicians decision according using of the resorcinolformalin method were established.

Possibilities of the modern ultrasonic equipment promote deeper diffusion hydroxyapatite containing preparations in dentine tubules and lateral deltas of root channels of teeth, by results of scanning electronic microscopy. Measurement of density profile provides an objective estimation of features of regeneration of a bone fabric at stages of dynamic radiological control. In work the nearest and remote results of treatment of 93 patients with chronic apical periodontitis with which treatment by an advanced method of application of a preparation «Kollapan-gel K» in a combination to ultrasound and further by the analysis of density profile of roentgenograms the program «SIDEXIS XG» has been spent are considered.

The use of high-tech in endodontics has changed our understanding of the root canal treatment. 3D microscope and diagnostics, ultrasonic, machine tools for processing channels, high-quality irrigation and, finally, a three-dimensional obturation of hot gutta percha. This is the components of a successful endodontic treatment. In the article the clinical case illustrates the possibility of comprehensive application of these technologies. All of the above significantly expands the capabilities of a dentist, which certainly affects the quality of treatment

Repeated endodontic treatment is often a contentious issue in the process of making a final decision in the preparation of a comprehensive plan for the treatment of a patient at the dental reception and causes great interest among dentists. For the successful outcome of root canal treatment is important not only knowledge and manual skills of the doctor, but also equipping the workplace with modern materials and technologies. This article describes a clinical case of repeated endodontic treatment of tooth 2.1 and carried out a detailed analysis of his. At the final stage represented the final result after 1 week of treatment. This article will help doctors - dentists acquire additional knowledge needed to effectively address not only repeat, but the primary endodontic treatment.

Perforation of hard tooth tissues is one of the most common complications of endodontic treatment. According to statistics, perforations account for 9% of the total number of complications in endodontics. The frequently asked question about the preservation or removal of a tooth with a perforation – is a question of a correctly accepted decision with a deep clinical situation analysis and a correctly chosen treatment tactic. On the example of endodontic retreatment of tooth 2.1 chronic apical periodontitis and tooth 2.2 perforation in the middle third of the root, the article details the complications reasons in endodontics, stage-by-stage treatment, results are presented in detail, as well as a number of 3D CT-images confirming the rationality of the chosen tactics.

Chronic apical periodontitis ranks third in terms of referral to a dentist. The main role in the development of this disease is attributed to the microbial factor. Therefore, in the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis, a qualitative antibacterial treatment of the root canal is necessary. Ultrasound is one of the methods of disinfection. With the help of clinical research, as well as microbiological examination of the microflora of the root canals of the teeth before and after antibacterial treatment, the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of ultrasound was assessed.

Chronic apical periodontitis ranks third in terms of referral to a dentist. The main role in the development of this disease is attributed to the microbial factor. Therefore, in the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis, a qualitative antibacterial treatment of the root canal is necessary. Ultrasound is one of the methods of disinfection. With the help of clinical research, as well as microbiological examination of the microflora of the root canals of the teeth before and after antibacterial treatment, the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of ultrasound was assessed.

Оглядова стаття присвячена порівнянню найбільш поширених способів гідратування рослинних олій. Її мета – актуалізація інформації щодо цієї стадії рафінування рослинних олій для надання можливості вибору оптимального для виробника способу гідратування. Гідратування – перша зі стадій перероблення олій, мета якої – виведення фосфоліпідів, наявність яких унеможливлює якісне проведення всіх інших стадій рафінування. Наведено фракційний склад рослинних фосфоліпідів різних олій, проаналізовано особливості їхньої будови, які впливають на гідрофільність, розглянуто різні теоретичні підходи до гідратування. Порівнюються недоліки, переваги та ефективність водного, кислотного, ферментного гідратування, total degumming, soft degumming. Ферментне гідратування сьогодні вважається основним способом вилучення фосфоліпідів. У промислових умовах для олій із низьким вмістом фосфоліпідів (наприклад, соняшникової) використання фосфоліпаз із метою одержання низькофосфорної олії (менше 10 мг/кг) є доцільним (з огляду на зменшення втрат олії на цій стадії). Але це можливо лише за умови проведення попереднього кислотного гідратування. Поєднання кислотного гідратування з лужною нейтралізацію – мабуть, найбільш ефективний і простий спосіб одержання олії з малими залишковими кількостями фосфоліпідів. Незважаючи на свою традиційність, цей підхід залишається високоефективним, найбільш простим у виконанні та недорогим. До суттєвого підвищення ефективності гідратування приводить інтенсифікація змішування фаз олія–гідратаційний агент. У статті розглянуто використання з цією метою ультразвукових і кавітаційних приладів. Перспективним напрямом розвитку технологій харчової промисловості сьогодні є застосування мембран. Розглянуто особливості цього фізичного методу гідратування. Вибраний тип гідратування, умови його проведення впливають на якість і безпеку коштовного продукту цієї стадії – лецитину. Найбільш якісний лецитин одержують у результаті водного та ферментативного гідратування – вода або водні розчини ферментів не впливають негативно на якісні показники лецитину, на його склад. Лецитин, одержаний водним гідратуванням, практично не містить негідрофільних фосфоліпідів; лецитин, одержаний із використанням фосфоліпаз, містить підвищені кількості лізоформ фосфоліпідів, що позитивно впливає на його поверхнево-активні властивості.

Interaction of gold nanoparticles with the protein shell of the tobacco mosaic virus is studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spectrophotometry. As established, due to both the interaction of gold nanoparticles with the tobacco mosaic virus and the formation of complexes, a decrease in the binding energy of the Au4f core electrons by means of the Au3+→Au0 metallization of nanoparticles is observed. Due to the sonication of complexes, in the Au4f spectra of the XPS, charge states appear, which indicate the formation of individual nanostructures from protein fragments of viruses and gold nanoparticles due to the destruction of the protein shell of viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay demonstrates the results of comparative analysis showing the extent of cleansing of root canals using different groups of antiseptics. 50 metallographic sections of extracted teeth pre-treated with ProTapers, with 17% ethylene diamide tetraacetate solution and the investigated irrigations solution were used for research. The research was made using the electronic microscope. It was revealed that despite the use of relatively strong antiseptic preparations used in endodontics, no complete cleansing of the root canal was attained. The cleansing capacity of the irrigation fluid increases upon being treated with vibration methods, in this case – ultrasound treatment

Currently, ultrasound is successfully used in clinical dentistry. Were clearly identified areas of its most effective application. However, concern is the risk of such complications as enamel and dentin hypersensitivity with subsequent involvement of dental hard tissues in the inflammatory process. In an experimental study on the mongrel dogs the characteristic structure of the state of dental hard tissues (enamel and dentin) before and after exposure to ultrasound of different intensities (the exposure time 20 seconds). Application of ultrasound of small intensity (1 W/cm²) showed that electron-microscopic picture of the enamel and dentin has not changed. Action of ultrasound of large intensity (2 W/cm²) has revealed feebly marked damaging effect in the form of microcracks enamel and tubules of dentin reducing the number, along with the reduction of the number of processes dentins odontoblasts.

Introduction. Idiopathic macular hole (IMH) is a frequent disorder of the posterior segment of the eye that impacts on visual functions leading to the reduction of visual acuity and the manifestation of metamorphopsia. In the majority of cases the basic treatment technique for IMH is a three-port transconjunctival guillotine vitrectomy. In the key of the further development of vitrectomy the latest and most interesting is the use of ultrasonic energy for vitreous fragmentation. Members of staff of the Department of Ophthalmology with the Course of Additional Professional Education of Bashkir State Medical University jointly with the Department of Microsurgical Equipment of CJSC Optimedservice have built a 25G ultrasonic vitrectomy system with the mechanism of action that turns the vitreous body into easy-to-remove emulsion with the use of ultrasound.Materials and methods. This paper presents a clinical case of idiopathic macular hole successfully treated with the method of 25G subtotal ultrasonic vitrectomy.Results and discussion. The data obtained through comprehensive ophthalmological examination and supported by fundus-camera, OCT and OCTA images made it possible to make a diagnosis of vitreomacular traction syndrome, idiopathic macular hole, J. D. Gass stage 3. 25G subtotal ultrasonic vitrectomy was performed on the universal ophthalmic surgery system Optimed Profi (Optimedservice, Russia) with intraoperative OCT-controlled internal limiting membrane staining and peeling, and apposition of the macular hole edges with gas tamponade. A good outcome, both anatomical and functional, was achieved; IMH has closed and a positive visual acuity dynamic has been recorded.Conclusion. We can thus conclude that 25G subtotal ultrasonic vitrectomy with ILM peeling and gas tamponade is an effective IMH treatment method that ensures high visual functions.

Actuality. The article presents and substantiates the expediency of using ultrasonic processing in technologies of wasteless processing of pond fish on the example of the making fish broths process from the anatomical parts of pond fish has been submitted and justified. Purpose and methods. The aim of the research is to improve the production processes of fish broths from pond fish using ultrasonic vibrations. During the research, analytical, theoretical and experimental methods have been used with the use of instrumentation equipment of appropriate accuracy, standard methods of research of food raw materials, modern methods of mathematical statistics, correlation analysis and computer technologies. Results. Method of producing broths from pond fish using ultrasound has been developed. For cooking broth, the treated heads without gills and eyes, the spinal and rib bone with the meat are grinding to size (0,1...0,3) · 10-2 m. The rational cooking mode for broths is 0.5 cooking duration 0.5.. .0.6 hours with hydronic module 1:(1.5...1.7). The use of ultrasonic treatment is reasonable at the stage of preliminary processing. Application of ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 22 kHz for 10–15 min with a radiation intensity of 3–5 W / cm2 speeds up the extraction of proteins, fats, mineral and aromatic substances into an water solution. Conclusions and discussion. According to the research results, a technological scheme of the preparation of fish broth was developed. The pond fish broth, which was obtained using ultrasound, has good quality indicators. Broth which has obtained is advisable to use as a base for making sauces and culinary products. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the study of the dynamics of the dry substances release depending on the hydronic module; studying the influence of the degree of grinding of the anatomical parts of fish on the content in the broth of dry substances; study of the kinetics of the transition of solids into the broth, depending on the duration of the cooking process using ultrasonic treatment. Promising research area may be the development of an ultrasonic device, it is advisable to use in technological lines for the production of broths based on pond fish.

Исследовалась динамика развития кавитационной области, генерируемой высокоинтенсивным фокусированным ультразвуком в непрерывных и импульсно модулированных ультразвуковых полях. Показано, что импульсное модулирование ультразвукового поля позволяет управлять динамикой развития кавитационной области и активностью кавитации в целом.

Для повышения эффективности ультразвуковой очистки в ваннах с распределенными преобразователями необходимо обеспечить оптимальное кавитационное давление, концентрацию ПАВ, температурные режимы в моющих средах, а также величину ультразвукового давления.

Cavitation activity in non-homogeneous ultrasonic field have been studied. It has been shown that the character of temperature dependencies of cavitation activity is different for different points of the field. For example, cavitation activity at the surface of the radiator and at the liquid - gas surface decreases with temperature. There are points in the volume of the liquid where temperature dependencies are curves with maximum, i.e. it grows with temperature, achieves maximal value and then decreases.

Introduction. The incidence of pancreatic pseudocysts (PPC) amounts to 0.5–1 per 100,000 adults per year. In all the pancreatic disorders the incidence of PPC amounts to 1.6-4.5%. Designing an individually tailored treatment programme using minimally invasive techniques to ensure the longest lasting treatment effect combined with the reduction of surgical trauma is an important issue of today’s surgery.Materials and methods. This paper presents a retrospective analysis of surgeries performed on 101 patients with infected PPC treated in the period from 2000 to 2015 at surgical wards of the Centre for Emergency and Disaster Medicine of the Regional Teaching Hospital, Kharkiv, Ukraine and the Department of Pancreatic and Bile Duct Surgery of A. A. Shalimov National Institute of Surgery and Transplantology, Kyiv, Ukraine. Of these, 74 patients (73.3%) were male and 27 (26.7%) — female, aged 21 to 79, average age of patients was 43.3±1.2 years.Results. Percutaneous drainage was administered to patients with type I infected PPC with the onset of multiple organ failure in order to make the wait-and-see strategy possible and to alleviate the patient’s general condition and improve the course of sepsis. For patients with type II and III infected PPC percutaneous punctures were the final stage of treatment in 80% of cases. Whether radical surgical procedures were performed depended on the severity of the patient’s condition, degree of pancreatic necrosis or chronic pancreatitis spread, PC localisation, duct system condition and complications involving neighbouring organs.Conclusion. When treating patients with PPC one has to use an individually tailored treatment strategy based on state of the art minimally invasive treatment techniques. When treating infected PPC both minimally invasive and traditional open access procedures have to be considered as mutually complementing, presenting a broad range of diagnostic and treatment options.

Positioning systems are now widely used in various fields of human activity. They allow with a certain accuracy to determine the position of an object in space. There are global positioning systems that use satellite signals for this purpose. Their disadvantages are relatively low accuracy and difficulties in premises. Local positioning systems have higher accuracy and can be used in any premises and territories. During the work on the article, modern methods and solutions used in the construction of local systems for determining the location of the object were analyzed. A model of a local positioning system based on ultrasonic modules has been proposed and built. As a result, a structure and working model has been developed in the form of devices for emitting and receiving an ultrasonic pulse with a high sensitivity and a wide solid angle of reception / emission of ultrasound, which can be successfully applied in a local positioning system. For the further development of this system, it is necessary to additionally include in its composition duplicate methods of measuring location. For example, the lidar module.

В статье рассмотрены основные причины возникновения пудендальной невралгии. Подробно описаны критерии диагностики данного состояния. Рассмотрены и представлены основные методы лечения пудендальной невралгии, начиная от комплексного консервативного лечения (физическая терапия, медикаментозное, блокады), которое в большинстве случаев оказывается эффективным. А в случае его неэффективности или рецидива болевого синдрома рассмотрены вопросы проведения пульсовой радиочастотной терапии нерва. В настоящее время также изучаются возможности применения препаратов гиалуроновой кислоты, ботулотоксина для лечения половой нейропатии, а также криоанальгезии. При неэффективности консервативного лечения возможно выполнение хирургической декомпрессии полового нерва