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O presente texto é fruto de uma pesquisa-ação que objetivou responder a seguinte questão: De que forma é possível desenvolver o conteúdo de lutas levando em consideração a realidade de disputas e conflitos entre os/as alunos/as de uma escola municipal da cidade de Porto Alegre/RS? Para a realização do estudo desenvolvemos uma unidade didática de jogos de lutas com alunos/as do terceiro, quarto e quinto ano. A partir do que foi construído e vivenciado na prática, compreendemos que os/as alunos/as se apropriaram dos valores atitudinais trabalhados em aula e buscaram seguir as regras que promoviam a integridade física, respeito aos/às colegas e igualdade de condições. Além disso, foi possível perceber a maior participação de alunos/as com deficiência, bem como de meninas e de meninos que costumavam participar de forma periférica das aulas de Educação Física. Por fim, compreendemos que o conteúdo de lutas fez sentido, pois dialogou com as necessidades e os desejos dos/as alunos/as pelo movimento, pelas disputas e pelas experiências de tensão/excitação agradável dentro da escola.

Este artigo é resultante de uma pesquisa de doutorado sobre a configuração esportiva das artes marciais mistas (MMA) na realidade brasileira. Nos aproximamos da proposta desenvolvida por Wacquant que, ao imergir como lutador de uma academia de boxe, buscou descrever os processos de significação das rotinas de treino dos lutadores. O objetivo desse estudo é descrever as rotinas de treinamento em uma academia de MMA. Para tal, realizou-se uma etnografia em uma academia de MMA de setembro de 2014 e outubro de 2015, imergindo como participante e lutador naquele grupo cultural. Apresentamos a rotina de treinos, as técnicas e os significados produzidos pelos lutadores no cotidiano de uma academia de MMA. A academia é um espaço da pedagogia da prática, onde os aprendizados são inculcados a partir da vivência cotidiana. Ao mesmo tempo que é uma modalidade individual, aprende-se a luta MMA na ação e de forma coletiva.

IntroductionToxoplasma gondii, responsible for causing toxoplasmosis, is a prevalent food and waterborne pathogen worldwide. It commonly infects warm-blooded animals and affects more than a third of the global human population. Once ingested, the parasite enters the host’s small intestine and rapidly disseminates throughout the body via the bloodstream, infiltrating various tissues. Leukocyte-driven responses are vital against T. gondii, with neutrophils playing a dual role: swiftly recruited to infection sites, releasing inflammatory mediators, and serving as a replication hub and Trojan horses, aiding parasite spread. Neutrophils from various hosts release extracellular traps (NETs) against the protozoan. However, gaps persist regarding the mechanisms of NETs production to parasite and their significance in infection control. This study investigates the interplay between human neutrophils and T. gondii, exploring dynamics, key molecules, and signaling pathways involved in NETs production upon protozoan challenge.Methods and ResultsUsing confocal and electron microscopy, live cell imaging, pharmacological inhibitors, and DNA quantification assays, we find that human neutrophils promptly release both classical and rapid NETs upon pathogen stimulation. The NETs structure exhibits diverse phenotypes over time and is consistently associated with microorganisms. Mechanisms involve neutrophil elastase and peptidylarginine deiminase, along with intracellular calcium signaling and the PI3K pathway. Unexpectedly, human traps do not diminish viability or infectivity, but potentially aid in capturing parasites for subsequent neutrophil phagocytosis and elimination.DiscussionBy revealing NETs formation mechanisms and their nuanced impact on T. gondii infection dynamics, our findings contribute to broader insights into host-pathogen relationships.

Esse estudo trata de analisar uma intervenção pedagógica do ensino de lutas no currículo de Educação Física de uma escola pública federal. A pesquisa-ação se deu na ministração de sete aulas de lutas para turmas do 8º e 9º anos do Ensino Fundamental. A partir da observação participante foram produzidos diários de campo, construídos nos estranhamentos do professor-pesquisador. As práticas pedagógicas visaram o uso de poucos materiais e que elementos éticos/atitudinais fossem empregados cotidianamente. O texto apresenta: 1) uma percepção dos saberes iniciais dos estudantes; 2) a proposta de ensino de lutas; e 3) uma avaliação da proposta pedagógica. A proposta se alia a uma educação interessada nas emoções dos indivíduos, não somente na perspectiva da incorporação de controles e autocontroles, mas na lógica também de desenvolvimento da autonomia e do conhecimento de si, e da construção de espaços seguros de catarse e de liberação dos impulsos.

Introdução/objetivo: Infecções respiratórias causam grande impacto em custos e morbimortalidade, sendo infecções virais as maiores responsáveis. Durante a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, ocorreu aumento na disponibilização de exames de biologia molecular, facilitando o acesso ao diagnóstico etiológico. O objetivo do estudo é apresentar a epidemiologia dos últimos dois anos, durante a pandemia de Covid-19, dos vírus Influenza A (FluA), Influenza B (FluB) e Vírus Sincicial Respiratório (VSR). Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo da base de dados de exames realizados na rede da DASA no período de 01/01/2021 a 31/05/2023, com estratificação por faixa etária, gênero, estado e estação do ano. Incluídos resultados de reação em cadeia da polimerase para FluA, FluB e VSR realizados nos seguintes painéis: Quadriplex, Respiratório FilmArray® 2.1 e Pneumonia FilmArray® em pacientes internados e ambulatoriais, em amostras de trato respiratório superior e/ou inferior. Resultados: Realizados 215.100 exames em 66.266 pacientes, sendo 15.367 (7,1%) exames com detecção de algum vírus, com 93,6% realizados em São Paulo, Distrito Federal, Rio de Janeiro e Paraná. Durante o período, o VSR foi detectado em 50,4% dos exames positivos, seguido de FluA com 44,5%. O VSR foi predominante durante todo o período estudado, com exceção de dezembro/2021 e janeiro/2022 e setembro e outubro/2022, onde o FluA foi predominante, sem considerar o SARS-CoV-2. O VSR foi detectado em 88% das amostras positivas na faixa etária de 0 a 5 anos, 19% entre 6 e 10 anos, 10% entre 11 e 18 anos, 13% entre 19 a 59 anos e 25% nos pacientes com 60 anos ou mais. O VSR foi predominante durante o inverno, outono e primavera, só sendo ultrapassado pelo FluA no verão. No ano de 2023, até maio, o VSR foi o vírus mais detectado. Conclusão: Diante do grande número de exames incluídos nesse estudo, temos visão ampla do cenário epidemiológico brasileiro em relação aos vírus respiratórios estudados. Observa-se que, apesar do grande pico de infecções por FluA entre novembro de 2021 e fevereiro de 2022, o número acumulado de exames positivos para VSR no período do estudo foi o mais elevado, mostrando uma persistência desse vírus em todos os períodos do ano, principalmente nos extremos de faixa etária, até 5 anos e após 60 anos. Ressaltamos a importância desses dados para a programação de ações de saúde pública, como definição de período ideal para início de vacinação contra influenza e para as vacinas recentemente desenvolvidas contra VSR.

IntroductionInfection with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in Brazil and is linked with pro-inflammatory conditions including HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a chronic neuroinflammatory incapacitating disease that culminates in loss of motor functions. The mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of HAM/TSP are incompletely understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that inflammation and infectious agents can affect the expression of cellular prion protein (PrPC) in immune cells.MethodsHere, we investigated whether HTLV-1 infection affected PrPC content in cell lines and primary CD4+cells in vitro using flow cytometry and western blot assays.ResultsWe found that HTLV-1 infection decreased the expression levels of PrPC and HTLV-1 Orf I encoded p12, an endoplasmic reticulum resident protein also known to affect post-transcriptionally cellular proteins such as MHC-class I and the IL-2 receptor. In addition, we observed a reduced percentage of CD4+ T cells from infected individuals expressing PrPC, which was reflected by IFN type II but not IL-17 expression.DiscussionThese results suggested that PrPC downregulation, linked to both HTLV-1 p12 and IFN-γ expression in CD4+ cells, may play a role in the neuropathogenesis of HTLV-1 infection.

Objective The transsphenoidal surgery is a safe and effective technique to manage different skull base pathologies, such as pituitary adenomas. The purpose of the present study is to describe the initial experience with endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery in the treatment of pituitary adenoma patients at a tertiary hospital that is a reference in neurosurgery in Southern Brazil. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 60 patients with pituitary adenoma who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery between 2012 and 2019. Demographic characteristics, type of tumor, baseline hormonal changes, and clinical presentation were reported, as well as postoperative outcomes, tumor resection rate, and complications. Results The male/female ratio was of 0.53:1, and the mean age of the sample was of 54 (range: 26 to 79) years. In total, 34 patients (57%) presented the non-functioning adenoma subtype, and 26 (43%), the functioning adenoma subtype. In the non-functioning and functioning subtype groups, the average tumor diameter was of 32 mm and 18 mm, and the mean follow-up was of 27 months and 32 months respectively. Regarding visual symptoms, 79% of the patients showed improvement after surgery. Hormonal remission was achieved in 71% of the patients with prolactinoma, 85% of those with cushing, and 57% of patients with acromegaly. Overall, gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 50% of patients but with a significantly lower rate among patients with tumors with parasellar growth (high grade on the Knosp classification). The most prevalent surgical complications observed were postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and meningitis in 11% and 6% of the cases respectively. Conclusion We have shown that transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery can produce good results in the management of pituitary adenomas, with acceptable peri- and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Regardless of the technique used, the presence of large and giant pituitary adenomas with a high Knosp grade represents an enormous challenge for contemporary neurosurgery.

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the Brazilian academic publications on fights and Physical Education. We used content analysis through a state of knowledge, with 38 articles as corpus. As results we built four empirical analytical categories: 1) Space and sociocultural aspects: they point the lack of infrastructure and the scarcity of materials as restrictive factors for the approach of the fight contents in schools; 2) Technologies/media: that serve as auxiliary tools for the inclusion of fights in school Physical Education; 3) Physical Education curriculum: addresses issues related to content, culture, documents and teachers; and 4) Pedagogical practice: which involves more specific issues observed in the studies, such as methodologies involving the application of the content to classes, experiences, dimensions of the content, activities and implications about the themes discussed in the content, such as the association with violence, gender discrimination and sexuality. We conclude that the studies show that the approach of fights as content in schools is still incipient, being the insecurity of the teacher a preponderant factor so that fights are not inserted. Thus, studies indicate the need to create materials and methodologies that help teachers, thus enabling the use of content already consolidated in the literature.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender o papel da toponímia urbana enquanto discursos hegemônicos do papel social da mulher na formação da cidade de Londrina, Paraná. Valemo-nos de textos biográficos anexados aos projetos de leis que nomeiam logradouros públicos. Na impossibilidade de apresentarmos todas as questões engendradas por essa escrita, optamos por uma análise específica sobre as representações de gênero contidas nas biografias de mulheres escolhidas para tais nomeações. Propomos uma reflexão sobre as imbricações entre a escrita biográfica, a História e as relações de gênero, observando a cidade de Londrina, que é também marcada por forte discurso memorialístico sobre o pioneirismo, daqueles que construíram a cidade, especialmente homens. No período estudado foram criados mais de quatro mil logradouros, sendo que os nomes de mulheres estão em 781. Assim, observamos que a toponímia com tais está sub-representada, e acentuadamente marcada por papeis sociais delimitados.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic systemic disease. In Brazil this infection is caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by Leishmania species have different functions like the modulation of host immune systems and inflammatory responses, among others. This study evaluated the participation of EVs from L. (L.) infantum (Leish-EVs) in recognition of the humoral and cellular immune response of hosts with VL. Promastigotes were cultivated in 199 medium and, in the log phase of growth, they were centrifuged, washed, resus-pended in RPMI medium, and incubated for 2 to 24 h, at 25 °C or 37 °C to release Leish-EVs. This dynamic was evaluated using transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopies, as well as nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The results suggested that parasite penetration in mammal macrophages requires more Leish-EVs than those living in insect vectors, since promastigotes incubated at 37 °C released more Leish-EVs than those incubated at 25 °C. Infected THP-1 cells produced high EV concentration (THP-1 cells-EVs) when compared with those from the control group. The same results were obtained when THP-1 cells were treated with Leish-EVs or a crude Leishmania antigen. These data indicated that host–EV concentrations could be used to distinguish infected from uninfected hosts. THP-1 cells treated with Leish-EVs expressed more IL-12 than control THP-1 cells, but were unable to express IFN-γ. These same cells highly expressed IL-10, which inhibited TNF-α and IL-6. Equally, THP-1 cells treated with Leish-EVs up-expressed miR-21-5p and miR-146a-5p. In conclusion, THP-1 cells treated with Leish-EVs highly expressed miR-21-5p and miR-146a-5p and caused the dysregulation of IL-10. Indirectly, these results suggest that high expression of these miRNAs species is caused by Leish-EVs. Consequently, this molecular via can contribute to immunosuppression causing enhanced immunopathology in infected hosts.

Abstract Background Most cystic echinococcosis cases in Southern Brazil are caused by Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus ortleppi. Proteomic studies of helminths have increased our knowledge about the molecular survival strategies that are used by parasites. Here, we surveyed the protein content of the hydatid fluid compartment in E. granulosus and E. ortleppi pulmonary bovine cysts to better describe and compare their molecular arsenal at the host-parasite interface. Methods Hydatid fluid samples from three isolates of each species were analyzed using mass spectrometry-based proteomics (LC-MS/MS). In silico functional analyses of the identified proteins were performed to examine parasite survival strategies. Results The identified hydatid fluid protein profiles showed a predominance of parasite proteins compared to host proteins that infiltrate the cysts. We identified 280 parasitic proteins from E. granulosus and 251 from E. ortleppi, including 52 parasitic proteins that were common to all hydatid fluid samples. The in silico functional analysis revealed important molecular functions and processes that are active in pulmonary cystic echinococcosis, such as adhesion, extracellular structures organization, development regulation, signaling transduction, and enzyme activity. Conclusions The protein profiles described here provide evidence of important mechanisms related to basic cellular processes and functions that act at the host-parasite interface in cystic echinococcosis. The molecular tools used by E. granulosus and E. ortleppi for survival within the host are potential targets for new therapeutic approaches to treat cystic echinococcosis and other larval cestodiases. Graphical Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, a disease that affects warm-blooded animals and one third of the human population worldwide. Pregnant women who have never been exposed to the parasite constitute an important risk group, as infection during pregnancy often leads to congenital toxoplasmosis, the most severe form of the disease. Current therapy for toxoplasmosis is the same as it was 50 years ago and has little or no effect when vertical transmission occurs. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new strategies to prevent mother-to-fetus transmission. The implementation of experimental animal models of congenital toxoplasmosis that reproduces the transmission rates and clinical signs in humans opens an avenue of possibilities to interfere in the progression of the disease. In addition, knowing the parasite load in maternal and fetal tissues after infection, which may be related to organ abnormalities and disease outcome, is another important step in designing a promising intervention strategy. Therefore, we implemented here a murine model of congenital toxoplasmosis with outbred Swiss Webster mice infected intravenously with tachyzoites of the ME49 strain of T. gondii that mimics the frequency of transmission of the parasite, as well as important clinical signs of human congenital toxoplasmosis, such as macrocephaly, in addition to providing a highly sensitive quantitative real-time PCR assay to assess parasite load in mouse tissues. As the disease is not restricted to humans, also affecting several domestic animals, including companion animals and livestock, they can also benefit from the model presented in this study.

Sarah Kubistchek foi primeira-dama de Minas Gerais (1951-1956) e do Brasil (1956-1961), ocupando-se de atividades de assistência social, às quais comparecia sempre muito bem trajada. Ao perscrutarmos o vestuário, estilo e elegância de Sarah queremos analisar a importância da indumentária da personagem da primeira-dama na história da República brasileira e sua utilização como capital simbólico e político. A atuação de Sarah na assistência social também passou pela moda, promovendo os Festivais de Moda, cuja renda direcionava-se para instituições de assistência. Espera-se demonstrar que a figura da primeira-dama influi na moda e seu sistema no Brasil dos anos 1950 e 1960.

Esse estudo objetiva analisar os elementos configuracionais que sustentam a prática do yoga online durante a pandemia da Covid-19, a fim de compreender em que estágio do processo civilizador tal prática é possível e exigida, quais os seus elementos civilizadores e porque eles surgem e se tornam importantes na configuração contemporânea. A partir da análise dos dados produzidos na aplicação de um questionário online; do empirismo crítico feminista de Donna Haraway e da teoria do processo civilizador de Elias, elencamos três categorias que perfazem a configuração do yoga online: emoções, saúde e ambiente doméstico. Após, repercutimos o yoga como um produto do processo civilizador que atende à necessidade de sublimar as emoções dos sujeitos na configuração pandêmica.

Aluminum alloys containing transition metal alloying elements have attracted interest from researchers. The effect of Cr additions of 0.25 and 0.50% on the thermal profile, microstructure, hardness, and linear reciprocating sliding wear response of as-cast hypoeutectic Al–Cu alloys with 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5% Cu (wt.%) was investigated. The binary Al–Cu and ternary Al–Cu–Cr alloys were directionally solidified under upward non-steady state heat transfer conditions using a dedicated solidification apparatus. Thermal analysis based on differential thermal analysis (DTA) and cooling curve profiles was performed to determine solidification thermal parameters such as Liquidus temperature (TL), transformation enthalpy (ΔH), and liquid cooling rate (ṪL). Samples extracted from the solidified ingots were submitted to optical microscopy, hardness measurement, and linear reciprocating sliding wear test using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). The results showed a decrease at the beginning of solidification (TL) and of the transformation enthalpy (ΔH) when both alloy Cu and Cr contents increased, with a higher influence of Cu. The addition of Cu decreased cooling rates, whereas the increase in the alloy Cr concentration showed an opposite behavior, increasing cooling rates. The refinement of the primary dendrite arm spacing (λ1), as a consequence of the increase in alloying elements and solidification cooling rates, enhanced the hardness of the alloys, with the maximum value of 58 HB achieved in the ternary Al–4.5Cu–0.50Cr alloy. The wear tests indicated a better response to wear associated with microstructure refinement for the alloys with 2.5% Cu, for both Cr contents, an almost constant behavior for the 3.5% Cu alloys, and an opposite performance for the alloys with 4.5% Cu alloys that showed better wear resistance with coarsening of the λ1 and with the increase in the amount of the eutectic microconstituent.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity and shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to bovine enamel using experimental composites with different concentrations of silicon dioxide-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2 NPs). Methods: Fifty bovine incisors were divided into five groups according to the composite (n = 10): G1 - Control Group (Transbond XT Resin), G2 - Experimental composite without Ag@SiO2 NPs; G3 - Experimental composite with 0.5% of Ag@SiO2 NPs; G4 - Experimental composite with 1% of Ag@SiO2 NPs; G5 - Experimental composite with 3% of Ag@SiO2 NPs. The SBS test was performed using a universal mechanical testing machine, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was analyzed by optical microscopy. For the antimicrobial activity evaluation, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm was formed for three days in hydroxyapatite discs. Posteriorly, S. mutans colony forming units (CFU) were evaluated. For SBS analysis, Analysis of Variance was used, followed by the Tukey test, at a 5% statistical significance level. The CFU data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Dunn as a post-hoc test. The ARI results were analyzed descriptively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in SBS values between the experimental and control groups (p>0.05). A 3% incorporation of Ag@SiO2 NPs statistically reduced the SBS values (p

Referência do texto comentado: Perius, Oneide. A multiplicidade originária: uma leitura da filosofia de Franz Rosenzweig. Trans/Form/Ação: revista de filosofia da Unesp, vol. 43, n. 4, p. 255-270, 2020.

Introdução: A pandemia de coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) trouxe mudanças nas organizações de trabalho em todas as esferas, exigindo a reestruturação das rotinas e das equipes para atender essa nova demanda. O objetivo foi relatar a experiência do Serviço de Nutrição e Dietética (SND) do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) e as mudanças vivenciadas durante o primeiro ano de pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência referente à atuação do SND do HCPA de abril de 2020 a março de 2021. Resultados: Houve aumento do absenteísmo no SND, necessitando ajustes de processos e remanejos. Também houve aumento do consumo de dietas enterais pela gravidade da situação clínica dos pacientes internados, a redução da capacidade do refeitório de funcionários para seguir os protocolos de distanciamento, o uso de utensílios descartáveis, mensagens motivacionais aos pacientes, ajustes no processo do banco de leite humano, modificações nos protocolos de avaliação nutricional ao paciente internado e atendimento ambulatorial remoto. Conclusão: Esta experiência proporcionou ao SND um grande legado de aprendizagem e superação, exigindo importantes adaptações, mantendo a qualidade do atendimento e fortalecendo as relações de trabalho em equipe.

Protozoan parasites interact with a wide variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to humans, representing one of the most common causes of parasitic diseases and an important public health problem affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The current treatment for these parasitic diseases remains unsatisfactory and, in some cases, very limited. Treatment limitations together with the increased resistance of the pathogens represent a challenge for the improvement of the patient’s quality of life. The continuous search for alternative preclinical drugs is mandatory, but the mechanisms of action of several of these compounds have not been described. Electron microscopy is a powerful tool for the identification of drug targets in almost all cellular models. Interestingly, ultrastructural analysis showed that several classes of antiparasitic compounds induced similar autophagic phenotypes in trypanosomatids, trichomonadids, and apicomplexan parasites as well as in Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba spp. with the presence of an increased number of autophagosomes as well as remarkable endoplasmic reticulum profiles surrounding different organelles. Autophagy is a physiological process of eukaryotes that maintains homeostasis by the self-digestion of nonfunctional organelles and/or macromolecules, limiting redundant and damaged cellular components. Here, we focus on protozoan autophagy to subvert drug effects, discussing its importance for successful chemotherapy.

ABSTRACT The anti-doping globalization and harmonization processes, led mainly by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), produced a series of interested institutions, which, according to the actors, must act independently, especially from national states and sports federations. In Brazil, however, the Brazilian Doping Control Authority (ABCD) was created in 2009 as a secretariat of the Ministry of Sports. The objective of this paper was to analyze how the actors associate and sustain a discourse of independence in the Brazilian anti-doping fight. Based on an ethnographic insertion, which included interviews and documentary analysis, this study describes, in the ways of pragmatic sociology and with the use of the Eliasian concept of interdependence, the approximations of the national anti-doping agency, especially with government actors as well as with Brazilian football federation. In this sense, we use the concepts of interdependence and harmonization to analyze associations and, thus, we reflect on the discourse of independence when presenting interests in associations between actors.

O MMA, artes marciais mistas, é um esporte relativamente pouco estudado na Educação Física brasileira. Portanto, esse estudo pretende compreender de que formas as relações entre os atores de uma academia de MMA são construídas e como essas mesmas relações constroem etiquetas para lutar. A partir de uma incursão etnográfica foi possível identificar a existência de relações de interdependência entre os sujeitos da equipe: o “mestre” e os “irmãos de treino”. Essas relações foram sustentadas por laços afetivos e um conjunto de etiquetas que permitiram que a equipe se identificasse como uma “família”. Dentre as etiquetas que constituíram a “família”, destacam-se os diferentes usos e sentidos atribuídos à violência.

Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) is a recurrent acute inflammatory complication of leprosy affecting up to 50% of all Borderline Lepromatous and Lepromatous Leprosy (BL/LL) patients. Although ENL is described as an immune reaction mediated by neutrophils, studies demonstrating the direct role of neutrophils in ENL are still rare. One subpopulation of low-density neutrophils (LDNs), present within the fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), has been associated with the pathogenesis and severity of diseases like sepsis, lupus, and tuberculosis. We herein analyzed LDNs and high-density neutrophils (HDNs) in terms of frequency, phenotype, and morphology. Serum levels of MMP-9 (a neutrophilic degranulation marker) were evaluated by ELISA; and LDNs were generated in vitro by stimulating healthy-donor, whole-blood cultures. PBMC layers of ENL patients presented segmented/hypersegmented cells that were morphologically compatible with neutrophils. Immunofluorescence analyses identified LDNs in ENL. Flow cytometry confirmed the elevated frequency of circulating LDNs (CD14−CD15+) in ENL patients compared to healthy donors and nonreactional Borderline Tuberculoid (BT) patients. Moreover, flow cytometry analyses revealed that ENL LDNs had a neutrophilic-activated phenotype. ENL patients under thalidomide treatment presented similar frequency of LDNs as observed before treatment but its activation status was lower. In addition, Mycobacterium leprae induced in vitro generation of LDNs in whole blood in a dose-dependent fashion; and TGF-β, an inhibitor of neutrophilic degranulation, prevented LDNs generation. MMP-9 serum levels of BL/LL patients with or without ENL correlated with LDNs frequency at the same time that ultrastructural observations of ENL LDNs showed suggestive signs of degranulation. Together, our data provide new insights into the knowledge and understanding of the pathogenesis of ENL while enriching the role of neutrophils in leprosy.

Maria Eva Duarte de Perón (1919-1952) ascendeu ao poder argentino como primeira-dama, juntamente com seu esposo Juan Domingo de Perón (1895-1974), eleito presidente do país em 1946. Personagem popular e contraditória, Eva Perón foi, e continua sendo, objeto recorrente de pesquisas históricas e historiográficas, que buscam, majoritariamente, compreender o seu protagonismo nas ações de ajuda social direcionadas para as camadas marginalizadas do país, especialmente mulheres, crianças e idosos. Outras pesquisas ocupam-se em analisar sua liderança na organização feminina argentina em prol do sufrágio feminino, conquistado em 1947. Partindo dessas suas atuações no peronismo, como ficou conhecido o projeto político presidido por Perón, o intuito do presente trabalho será o de propor uma análise sobre as representações de gênero manejadas pela primeira-dama, especialmente com o propósito de compreendermos como Evita entendia o feminismo, os papeis sociais das mulheres argentinas e o processo de inserção delas no espaço público e de decisões. Para tanto, será utilizado como fonte a sua autobiografia La Razón de mi Vida (1951), uma obra em que o peronismo, por meio da primeira-dama, apresenta as suas percepções acerca da trajetória de Eva Perón, da participação política das mulheres e do próprio peronismo.

Anti-doping has among its purposes to test athletes and promote educational actions. In Brazil, the Brazilian Doping Control Authority (ABCD) has been responsible for such actions since 2014. The objective was to analyze ABCD's anti-doping education actions based on the civilizing process theory. A multisituated ethnography was used to follow anti-doping, a process that took place over 19 months. The results were divided into three empirical-analytical categories: 1) interinstitutionality, which shows ABCD actions to create interdependence ties with sports institutions and the field of Physical Education; 2) pedagogy for children and youth, which indicates that education actions were mainly aimed at the underage athletes; and 3) the use of athletes and former athletes as examples, in which the search for individual accountability and a displacement of the individual from the configuration is analyzed. Anti-doping education is an element of the civilizing process that seeks to incorporate mechanisms of self-control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO As artes marciais mistas (MMA) são um esporte criado e modificado em associação com a mídia, cujo principal expoente são os eventos do UFC. O objetivo foi descrever e analisar o programa televisivo The Ultimate Fighter (TUF) Brasil. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como um estudo de caso que empregou uma etnografia de tela, de forma a descrever e interpretar sentidos ali produzidos. A análise do reality show TUF Brasil construiu três categorias: o programa, estrutura e regras; as técnicas, treinos, lutas e estratégias de esportivização; e os dramas pessoais/familiares e o processo de “humanização” do lutador. O programa impulsiona o processo de esportivização do MMA ao aliar elementos técnico-táticos das lutas com narrativas e dramas dos sujeitos.