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A list of amphibian and reptile species that occur in open and forested areas of the Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Cruz das Almas, in the Recôncavo Baiano, eastern Brazil is presented. Field sampling occurred between January 2015 to March 2019, totalling 117 samples distributed in three areas: Parque Florestal Mata de Cazuzinha, Mata da Cascalheira, and Riacho do Machado. A total of 1,848 individuals of 69 species (31 anurans, 14 lizards, 19 snakes, two amphisbaenians, and three testudines) was recorded. Additionally, one individual of Ophiodes striatus was found in Mata da Cascalheira after the end of sampling, totalling 15 lizard species and 70 herpetofaunal species. The prevalence of open-area species and the presence of Phyllopezus lutzae, Diploglossus lessonae, and Dryadosaura nordestina in interior forest patches are discussed. Additionally, a new record of the invasive terrapin Trachemys dorbigni in the State of Bahia is reported.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:28:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Amphisbaena prunicolor is a worm-lizard distributed in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. In Paraguay, the species was known for only one record in southern Paraguay. Here we provided a second record for the species in the country, thus extending its distribution 60 km west of the closest record located at Itapúa department, also the rediscovering of the species after 35 years. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, Del Escudo 1607 Asociación Guyra Paraguay, Av. Cnel. Carlos Bóveda, Parque Asunción Verde Mapinguari - Laboratório de Biogeografia e Sistemática de Anfíbios e Repteis Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva, s/n, Bairro Universitário, Cidade Universitária Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth CNPq: 311492/2017-7

Here we describe the lizard fauna from the locality of Montchenot (Paris Basin, late Paleocene, MP6). This material can be allocated to five major clades: Scincoidea, Lacertoidea (?Lacertidae), Amphisbaenia, Anguimorpha (?Anguidae and Shinisauridae). The assemblage from Monchenot is dominated by small lizard specimens and appears as highly sorted. Predation could produce such biased assemblages. The composition of the lizard fauna from Monchenot is rather similar to those of Cernay-les-Reims and Rivecourt, two coeval localities (MP6) in the Paris Basin. However, these faunas sharply contrast (in diversity and composition) with the lizard fauna found in the early Eocene of the same area (Paris Basin and Belgian Basin). These differences highlight the impact of the Paleocene/Eocene transition on the lizard fauna of Europe.

Amphisbaena barbouri Gans and Alexander, 1962 is a Cuban endemic distributed in the western half of the main island (Rodríguez et al. 2013). This species has been reported at about 15 sites from Pinar del Río to Cienfuegos provinces (Rodríguez et al. 2013; iNaturalist 2020; Fig. 1). On 10 August 2017 we found an adult A. barbouri (173 mm SVL, 14 mm tail length; Fig. 2) near the biological station at Cayo Galindo (23.2547, -80.8725; 1 m a.s.l.; point 4 in Fig. 1). This key is located towards the westernmost end of the Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagüey cay system, in Martí Municipality, Matanzas Province (Fig. 1). This finding constitutes the first record of the species from an offshore cay. It also represents the northernmost record, just 4 km southeast of the northernmost point of the Cuban archipelago (i.e., Cayo Cruz del Padre). The distribution of A. barbouri is now extended about 75 km east-northeast of Matanzas, the nearest published record (Gans & Alexander 1962).

Fossorial vertebrates such as amphisbaenians suffer from morphological constraints as a result of their burrowing strategies. The morphology is conserved in many groups and taxonomic arrangements may be confusing within closely related species. Amphisbaena munoai and A. prunicolor slender bodied worm lizards associated with the Amphisbaena darwinii species group and distributed in southern South America (southern Brazil and Uruguay) were traditionally considered allopatric and distinguished from each other mainly by their coloration pattern and cephalic shields. However, the reassessment of morphological variation including specimens from new localities indicated the need for a taxonomic reappraisal. We used morphological, molecular and distributional data in an integrative approach to reassess taxonomic diversity and propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for the evolution of the group. Our results indicated a hidden diversity, allowing the description of three new species from Coastal and Grasslands formations in southern Brazil. Amphisbaena tiaraju sp. nov. occurs in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul State; Amphisbaena arenicola sp. nov. is restricted to Restinga formations in the coastal plain of Santa Catarina State and Amphisbaena nana sp. nov. is restricted to the northern portion of the Sul-rio-grandense Shield in Rio Grande do Sul State.

In northern South America, amphisbaenians are rarely seen among the herpetofauna.Thus, general knowledge about them is very poor. During a herpetological survey in 2012 at Casanare, Colombia, we found two specimens of an unusualAmphisbaena. A third specimen sharing the same morphotype labeledAmphisbaenasp. from Vichada department was found deposided in an Colombian reptile collection. Based on morphological analyses together with phylogenetic analyses of 1029 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), we describe a new species ofAmphisbaenathat inhabits in the Orinoquian region of Colombia. The new species is part of a phylogenetic clade together withA. mertensiiandA. cunhai(central-southern Brazil), exhibiting a great genetic distance (26.1–28.9%) between the newly identified lineage versus those taxa, and versus the sympatric taxaA. albaandA. fuliginosa. Morphologically, this newAmphisbaenacan be distinguished from their congeners by characters combination of number of preocloacal pores, absence of malar scale, postgenial scales and body and caudal annuli counts.Amphisbaena gracilisis on morphology grounds the most similar species. However, the new species can be distinguished from it by having higher body annuli counts, angulus ories aliegned with the edges of the ocular scales and center of frontal scales, less number of large middorsal segments of the first and second body annulus, and rostral scale visible from above. The description of this newAmphisbaenaspecies points out the urgent need to increase the knowledge of worm lizards in Colombia

Amphisbaena bahiana was described by Vanzolini in 1964 on the basis of a single specimen from Villa Nova municipality (now Senhor do Bonfim), Bahia state, Brazil. The holotype was obtained approximately 100 years ago, and only three additional specimens have been mentioned in the literature subsequently. We report two additional specimens of A. bahiana collected recently at Antonio Goncalves, Bahia, Brazil near the type locality in the northern Espinhaco Range. On the basis of this new material, we provide data on morphological variation, natural history, and phylogeny. Amphisbaena bahiana was recovered as the sister species of A. uroxena, also from the Espinhaco Range.

We describe a new species of Amphisbaena from the Caatinga in the northern region of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. The new taxon is identified mainly by having two precloacal pores, 158–165 body annuli, 12–14 caudal annuli with autotomy on the third and fourth annuli, 14–16 dorsal and 15–16 ventral segments on a midbody annulus, four supralabials, three infralabials, and a postmalar row. Its description increases to 23 the number of species of Amphisbaenia for the Caatinga. Knowledge of worm lizard richness has largely increased in Brazil since the 1990s, especially in the Caatinga and the Cerrado, due mainly to collections in previously unsurveyed areas for environmental impact assessments.

Amphisbaena rozei is endemic to the Caura River basin in Venezuela, and known only from the holotype and one paratype. Its original description is very brief, lacking relevant information used by taxonomists today. Additionally, A. rozei appears to be similar to A. spurrelli, a species from northwestern Colombia and southern Panama. We present a redescription of A. rozei based on the examination of the type specimens and compare this taxon to the other known South American amphisbaenids, especially A. spurrelli. We conclude A. rozei is a valid name, and the species is diagnosed mainly by the presence of four precloacal pores, a lateral sulcus, 205–209 body annuli, 20 caudal annuli, 15–16 dorsal and 14 ventral segments on a midbody annulus, and dorsal surface of tail covered by strong tubercles.

The present work summarizes 10 years of field observations of an exurban squamate assemblage occupying a 1200 ha patch in the suburbs of La Plata City (Los Porteños, Buenos Aires, Argentina). Crossed by two streams (Martin and Carnaval), the area is characterized by intensive horticulture and floriculture, poultry and pig farming, exhibits a low housing density (1 house/ha), and the roads are largely unpaved. This area is under stress due to continuous expansion of the neighboring city in detriment of rural areas, determining a stressing environmental scenario. Field data were complemented and contextualized with museum records of the squamates present in the area and in neighboring departments of La Plata. The field-based species list of squamates from Los Porteños comprises one amphisbaenian (Amphisbaena darwinii = 26 specimens), five snakes (Paraphimophis rustica = 24, Xenodon dorbignyi = 6, Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus = 3, Erythrolamprus semiaureus = 2, Lygophis anomalus = 1), and one lizard (Salvator merianae = 11). The number of species of squamates in Los Porteños was higher than the expected compared with the species from surrounding areas. Fossorial, nocturnal and generalist species were the most abundant in Los Porteños. These urban adapter species lack dietary constraints and their living habits minimize the encounters with humans, who commonly kill them., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet"

Amphisbaena talisiae and A. mensae, two worm lizard species endemic to the Cerrado ecoregion, in central Brazil, are considered synonyms based on morphological characters. With the proposed synonymy, the name A. talisiae has priority of use over A. mensae. Amphisbaena talisiae can be distinguished from its congeners by a series of morphological characters, including a round head, three supralabial and three infralabial scales, postmalar row absent, four precloacal pores without a median hiatus, 205–234 body annuli, 17–29 caudal annuli, 10–14 dorsal and 14–18 ventral segments in a midbody annulus. The species is recorded from southeastern Mato Grosso, eastern Minas Gerais and central Tocantins states in central Brazil, and its conservation status should be changed from Data Deficient to Least Concern.

Amphisbaena talisiae Vanzolini, 1995 Amphisbaena talisiae Vanzolini, 1995: 217. Holotype: MZUSP 78808. Type Locality: ��� Brasil: Mato Grosso: Serra da Pitomba, 15��49��� S, 52��10��� W ���. Amphisbaena mensae Castro-Mello, 2000: 244. Holotype: MZUSP 83231. Type Locality: ��� Brasil: Goi��s: Serra da Mesa, Setor 2 (14��02��� S, 48��19��� W)���. Definition. A species of Amphisbaena with: (1) a round head in dorsal and lateral view, not depressed or compressed; (2) suture lengths: prefrontal> frontal> nasal (rarely frontal> prefrontal> nasal); (3) precloacal pores four, without median hiatus; (4) body annuli 205���234; (5) lateral annuli 2���4; (6) caudal annuli 17���29; (7) autotomy on 6 th to 8 th caudal annulus; (8) tail round in cross-section, throughout its length; (9) tail tip round or slightly laterally compressed; (10) dorsal segments 10���14 and ventral segments 14���18 in a midbody annulus (24���32 total segments); (11) supralabials three; (12) infralabials three; (13) parietals one pair, pentagonal; (14) postocular one; (15) temporal one; (16) postgenials one row, usually with two scales; (17) postmalar row absent; (18) lateral sulcus present, dorsal and ventral sulci absent; (19) SVL Diagnosis. Among South American amphisbaenids, the round head readily distinguishes Amphisbaena talisiae from A. anomala and Leposternon spp. (shovel-shaped), from A. acrobeles, A. bilabialata, A. kingii, and Mesobaena spp. (keel-shaped). Those taxa will not be included in comparisons below. The presence of four precloacal pores without a median hiatus, dorsal segment counts between 10 and 14, and ventral segment counts between 14 and 18 is shared with 28 species (A. albocingulata, A. arenaria, A. bahiana, A. borelli, A. carvalhoi, A. cuiabana, A. cunhai, A. darwinii, A. frontalis, A. gracilis, A. heathi, A. heterozonata, A. hogei, A. ibijara, A. lumbricalis, A. medemi, A. munoai, A. nigricauda, A. pericensis, A. prunicolor, A. sanctaeritae, A. slateri, A. steindachneri, A. supernumeraria, A. trachura, A. tragorrhectes, A. uroxena, and A. vanzolinii). Of those species (characters in parentheses), Amphisbaena talisiae can be distinguished from A. arenaria, A. cuiabana, A. frontalis, sanctaeritae, A. steindachneri, and A. supernumeraria by possessing 205���234 body annuli (more than 250). The absence of a postmalar row in A. talisiae distinguishes it from A. bahiana, A. cunhai, A. darwinii, A. heathi, A. heterozonata, A. hogei, A. munoai, A. prunicolor, A. sanctaeritae, A. trachura, A. tragorrhectes, and A. uroxena. Amphisbaena talisiae is distinguished from A. albocingulata by the presence of a brown dorsum and cream venter, and 205���234 body annuli (a uniform light brown coloration and 183���204 body annuli); from A. borelli by having 205���234 body annuli, naso-rostral suture always present, one postgenial row, enlarged parietals, and a rounded or slightly compressed tail tip (239���261 body annuli, naso-rostral suture partially lost, two postgenial rows, no enlarged parietals, and caudal tip modified into a keel); from A. carvalhoi, A. lumbricalis, and A. pericensis by the presence of one row of postgenials and most commonly 12 dorsal and 14 or 16 ventral segments (two rows of postgenials [one or two in A. carvalhoi] and generally 14 dorsal and 18 ventral segments); from A. gracilis by the absence of a dorsal sulcus, one row of postgenials, and a tail with uniform diameter along its length (presence of a dorsal sulcus, two rows of postgenials, and the tail diameter decreasing towards the tip); from A. ibijara by having 205���234 body annuli, temporal not fused with postsupralabial, relatively short frontals, enlarged parietals, and one row of postgenials (239���250 body annuli, temporal and postsupralabial fused, long frontals, no enlarged parietals, and two rows of postgenials); from A. medemi by the nasals in contact, one row of postgenials, and a rounded or slightly compressed caudal tip (nasals usually separated by the posterior tip of rostral, two postgenial rows, and caudal tip modified into a blunt keel); from A. nigricauda by the presence of a rounded, slightly prognathous snout and the tail with a uniform brown color similar to dorsal body (obtuse, strongly prognathous snout and distal segments of the tail dark colored, contrasting with the light pigmented body); from A. slateri by a brown dorsal coloration that fades to cream toward the venter, and a postmental slightly longer than wide (body uniform dark brown and postmental distinctly longer than wide); from A. vanzolinii by the presence of three supra- and three infralabials (two supra- and two infralabials). Geographic distribution and habitat. Amphisbaena talisiae is known from central Brazil, between southeastern Mato Grosso, eastern Minas Gerais and central Tocantins states (Fig. 2; Table 2). It has been recorded mostly from the Cerrado ecoregion within two vegetation types: open savanna (���campo cerrado���) and arboreal savanna (���cerrado sensu stricto ���) (Colli et al. 2011; Nogueira 2001). The new specimens from UHE-LEM are in an apparent ecotone between the Cerrado and the Mato Grosso Tropical Dry Forests ecoregions. Within its geographic range, the climate is described as tropical savanna (���Aw��� in K��ppen���s climate classification map), with annual mean temperatures ��18��C, rainy summers and dry winters (Alvares et al. 2013). Regarding soil type, most known records (including the type locality) are in areas dominated by ferralsols, a deeply weathered soil typical of tropical climates (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015). The species is also recorded in areas where the main soil type is acrisol, cambisol, lixisol, or plinthosol (Fig. 2)., Published as part of Costa, Henrique C., Graboski, Roberta & Zaher, Hussam, 2019, Amphisbaena mensae Catro-Mello, 2000 is a synonym of Amphisbaena talisiae Vanzolini, 1995 (Squamata: Amphisbaenia: Amphisbaenidae), pp. 166-174 in Zootaxa 4559 (1) on pages 167-169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/2626799, {"references":["Vanzolini, P. E. (1995) A new species of Amphisbaena from the state of Mato Grosso, Brasil (Reptilia: Amphisbaenia: Amphisbaenidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 39 (10), 217 - 221.","Castro-Mello, C. (2000) A new species of Amphisbaena from central Brasil (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 41 (16), 243 - 246.","Colli, G. R., Nogueira, C. de C., Pantoja, D. L., Ledo, R. M. D., Costa, B. M. & Brandao, R. A. (2011) Herpetofauna da Reserva Ecologica do IBGE e seu entorno. In: Ribeiro, M. L. (Ed), Reserva Ecologica do IBGE. Vol. 1. Biodiversidade Terrestre. Tomo 2. IBGE, Coordenacao de Recursos Naturais e Estudos Ambientais, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 133 - 145. [in Portuguese]","Nogueira, C. C. (2001) New records of squamate reptiles in central Brazilian Cerrado II: Brasilia region. Herpetological Review, 32 (4), 285 - 287.","Alvares, C. A., Stape, J. L., Sentelhas, P. C., Goncalves, J. L. M. & Sparovek, G. (2013) Koppen's climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 22 (6), 711 - 728. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0941 - 2948 / 2013 / 0507","IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. Update 2015. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 192 pp."]}

Since 1965, Amphisbaena leucocephala Peters, 1878 has been considered species inquirenda due to overlap in meristic data between it and A. pretrei and the the low number of specimens available for analysis. Herein, based on recently collected specimens, we review its taxonomic status through morphological and genetic data. Both analyses recovered A. leucocephala as a distinct species, sister to, but widely divergent from, A. pretrei. It is characterized by having 10–13 precloacal pores, 231–246 body annuli, 25–29 caudal annuli, autotomy site at the 6th–8th caudal annulus, 17–22 dorsal, and 20–23 ventral segments at midbody.

I address some taxonomic issues created by previous perceptions of species' boundaries in Amphisbaena from southern South America, including specimens with intermediate characteristics. In this note I propose the synonymization of Amphisbaena trachura and Amphisbaena heterozonata into Amphisbaena darwini, and the maintenance of the current species Amphisbaena angustifrons and Amphisbaena plumbea.

Amphisbaena mebengokre sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 3; Tables 1, 2) Holotype. An adult male (MNRJ 25189) collected on the banks of the Caiapó River (16 o 27’25’’S, 51 o 22’41’’W; 464 m above of sea level; datum = WGS84) near to the Hydroelectric Power Plant Santo Antônio do Caiapó, Municipality of Arenópolis, State of Goiás, Brazil, on 22 November 2012 by Jafi M. Carmo and Wilian Vaz-Silva. Paratypes. Adult males: MNRJ 25191, MNRJ 25194, MNRJ 25196, MNRJ 25198, MPEG 32206, ZUFG 1194, ZUFG 1196, ZUFG 1201, ZUFG 1204, ZUFG 1205, ZUFG 1207. Adult females: MNRJ 25190, MNRJ 25192, MNRJ 25193, MNRJ 25195, MNRJ 25197, MPEG 32205, ZUFG 1193, ZUFG 1195, ZUFG 1197, ZUFG 1200, ZUFG 1202, and ZUFG 1203. Undetermined: ZUFG 1206. All paratypes are from the type locality, Arenópolis municipality, state of Goiás, Brazil, collected by Wilian Vaz-Silva, Jafi M. Carmo, Paulo Roberto Gomes, and Edmar P. Victor between 22 and 28 November 2012. Diagnosis. The new species is a member of the Amphisbaena silvestrii group (sensu Vanzolini 1997) and is distinguished from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: (1) snout rounded in dorsal view and slightly convex in profile view; (2) two precloacal pores; (3) 161–176 dorsal half-annuli; (4) 12–15 tail annuli; (5) 3/3 supralabials; and (6) postmalar row absent. Comparisons with other species. Amphisbaena mebengokre sp. nov. can be distinguished the other South American amphisbaenians species by a combination of characters. Differs from Amphisbaena acrobeles (Ribeiro, Castro-Mello & Nogueira, 2009); Amphisbaena anomala (Barbour, 1914); Amphisbaena bilabialata (Stimson, 1972); Amphisbaena kingii (Bell, 1833); Leposternon bagual Ribeiro, Santos-Jr & Zaher, 2015; Leposternon cerradensis Ribeiro, Vaz-Silva & Santos-Jr, 2008; Leposternon infraorbitale (Berthold, 1859); Leposternon kisteumacheri Porto, Soares & Caramaschi, 2000; Leposternon maximus Ribeiro, Nogueira, Cintra, Silva Junior & Zaher, 2011; Leposternon microcephalum Wagler, 1824; Leposternon mineiro Ribeiro, Silveira & Santos-Jr, 2018; Leposternon octostegum (Duméril & Duméril, 1851); Leposternon polystegum (Duméril & Duméril, 1851); Leposternon scutigerum (Hemprich, 1820); Leposternon wuchereri (Peters, 1879); Mesobaena huebneri Mertens, 1925; and Mesobaena rhachicephala Hoogmoed, Pinto, Rocha & Pereira, 2009 mainly by having snout rounded in dorsal view and slightly convex in profile view (vs. snout shovel-like or compressed forming a sharp and prominent keel) (details of cited species in original descriptions and studies of Gans 1971a, 1971b; Mott et al. 2008; Hoogmoed et al. 2009; Ribeiro et al. 2009; Ribeiro 2010; and Ribeiro et al. 2018). It differs from all others Amphisbaena species with rounded snout, except of A. absaberi, A. anaemariae, A. brevis, A. caiari, A. carli, A. crisae, A. cuiabana, A. darwini, A. dubia, A. filiformis, A. hiata, A. kiriri, A. leeseri, A. lumbricalis, A. miringoera, A. mitchelli, A. neglecta, A. persephone, A. roberti, and A. silvestrii by having two precloacals pores. The new species differs from all Amphisbaena species with two precloacals pores, except A. anaemariae, A. crisae, A. darwini, A. kiriri and A. silvestrii by having 161–176 dorsal half-annuli (vs. less than 140 dorsal half-annuli in A. brevis, less than 154 in A. neglecta, and more than 188 dorsal half-annuli in the other species). It differs from Amphisbaena anaemariae, A. crisae, A. darwini, and A. silvestrii by having 12–15 tail annuli (vs. more than 18 tail annuli in the other species); and A. kiriri by having 3/3 supralabials and postmalar row absent (vs. 4/4 supralabials and postmalar row present). Description of the holotype. A male adult; snout-vent length 159 mm; tail length 12 mm; midbody diameter 6.7 mm (4.2% of snout-vent length); head length 5.7 mm (ca. 3.6% of snout-vent length) distinct from the neck (slightly constrict); snout rounded in dorsal view and slightly convex in profile view; rostrum projecting forward beyond the jaw. Rostral slightly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 1C), subtriangular in ventral view (Fig. 1B), lateral portion straight, in contact with nasals laterally and first supralabial latero-posteriorly. Nasals with irregular shape, paired, with a small middorsal suture (suture length ca. 14.1% of head length), posterior portion straight, in contact with first supralabial laterally, second supralabial latero-posteriorly and prefrontals posteriorly. Nostril near the anteroinferior angle of the nasal shield (Fig. 1A). Prefrontals paired, relatively large (ca. 30% of head length), with a long middorsal suture (ca. 30% of head length), longer than the nasal middorsal suture, shorter than the frontal middorsal suture (ca. 42% of head length), anterior portion convex, latero-posterior portion projected, in contact with second supralabial and ocular laterally, frontals posteriorly and in point contact with post-ocular posteriorly. Frontals irregularly polygonal, paired, with a long middorsal suture (ca. 30% of head length), elongated, 1.9 times longer than wide, separated from ocular by the point contact of the prefrontal and postocular, in contact with postocular laterally and parietal posteriorly. Parietals irregularly polygonal, paired, with a short middorsal suture (ca. 12% of head length), almost as long as wide, with their posterior border straight and parallel to the second body annulus, in contact with postocular laterally, and second body annulus posteriorly. The anterior edge of the parietals is at the level of the angulus oris. Body annulus behind parietals, shows 25 regular middorsal scales (Fig. 1C). Ocular diamond-shaped, relatively long (length representing ca. 30.2% of head length), in broad contact with second and third supralabials laterally and postocular posteriorly. Eyes visible, located in near anterior angle. Postocular pentagonal, relatively long (length. 27.7% of head length), almost as high (1.8 mm) as long (1.6 mm), in lower contact with temporal, with their posterior border straight and parallel to the second body annulus posteriorly (Fig. 1A). Three supralabials, irregularly polygonal, increasing in size posteriorly; first rhomboid, smallest, 1.1 times longer than high, in contact with second supralabial posteriorly; second supralabial relatively high and narrow, forming an irregular trapezium, ca. 0.8 times higher than wide, in contact with frontal third supralabial posteriorly; third supralabial pentagonal, almost as high (1.3 mm) as wide (1.2 mm), in contact with temporal and postsupralabial posteriorly. Posteriorly to the supralabials there is a row of scales that includes the postocular, temporal and postsupralabial. Temporal smaller than postocular, limited to the second body annuli posteriorly, in point contact with ocular, in upper contact with the postocular and with the upper part of the third supralabial, in lower contact with postsupralabial. One quadrangular postsupralabial, relatively small (ca. 12.3% of head length), limited to the second body annuli posteriorly. Three infralabials, first irregular, in point contact with postmental, in broad contact with mental and second infralabial. Second infralabial irregularly polygonal, largest (length representing ca. 27.5% of head length), longer than wide, in contact with postmental and genials laterally and malar and third infralabial posteriorly. Third infralabial smallest, nearly rectangular, longer than wide, in contact with malar laterally and first body annulus posteriorly. On the side of the third infralabial, is a slightly enlarged scale of first body annulus (behind angulus oris) that appears to continue the infralabial series. Mental single, anteriorly abruptly widening, only slightly larger than postmental in the posterior border, lateral borders straight, in broad contact with postmental posteriorly. Postmental single, relatively long (26.5%), pentagonal, in broad contact with first row of postgenials posteriorly. Two rows of postgenials; first with two distinctly larger scales and one smaller, in contact with malars laterally and with second postgenial row posteriorly. Second postgenial row with five irregularly polygonal equally sized shields, in contact with malars laterally and first body annuli posteriorly. Two malars, one on each side, irregularly polygonal, in contact with first body annulus posteriorly. Postmalar row absent. Body annuli distinct. The first body annulus is well-defined only ventrally. Dorsally, the first body annulus includes the postsupralabial, temporal and the very large postocular, dorsally limited by the frontal and parietal. Body annuli 170 with ventral part missing. Two lateral annuli in the cloacal region. Dorsal and ventral sulci absent; 14 dorsal and 12 ventral segments per midbody annulus; ventral segments with two central scales larger than adjacent scales and, only these, slightly larger than dorsal scales. Lateral sulci well marked and apparent from the 31 st body annulus almost to level of cloaca. Two precloacal pores in two adjacent central scales of the precloacal shield (Fig. 2A). Cloacal segments regular, four larger and one small and 10 postcloacal segments. Fourteen caudal annuli; fifth tail annulus is slightly narrowed, it may correspond to an autotomic site (Fig. 2B). Tip of tail rounded (Fig. 2B). Pattern color on preservative of the holotype. Anterior portion of head whitish, posterior portion of prefrontals, frontals, ocular, postocular and parietals dark brown (Fig. 4). Trunk and tail are uniform dark brown. Venter of head, mid of belly and cloaca whitish, lateral of belly and ventral portion of tail present a checkerboard pattern with dark brown segments. Variation. Morphometric and meristic variations of the type series are given in Table 1. A few variations in the position of the cephalic shields were observed, when compared to the holotype. The paratypes ZUFG 1197 and ZUFG 1207 present parietal in a rectangular shape. ZUFG 1198 presents an azygous shield between the right parietal and first annulus of the body. ZUFG 1203 have a rectangular parietal only on the right side of the body. MNRJ 25191 presents an azygous shield between the parietal shield and the frontal on the right side of the body. MNRJ 25196 has irregular segments in part of the dorsal portion of the first annuli of the body. Etymology. Amphisbaena mebengokre sp. nov. was found on the banks of the Caiapó River. The river's name gives homage to the indigenous people who inhabited the region and were expelled by the colonizers. The term "Kayapó" was first used in the early nineteenth century. The term was created by neighboring indigenous groups and means "those who look like monkeys" (a reference to a ritual using monkey masks). The Kayapó people prefer to call themselves "Mebêngôkre", which means "men of the springs." The specific epithet mebengokre gives homage to the Mebêngôkre ethnicity. Distribution and habitat. Amphisbaena mebengokre sp. nov. is know only to the type locality in the municipality of Arenópolis, core region of the Cerrado biome in western state of Goiás (Fig. 4) The region is drained by the Caiapó River, a tributary of the right bank of the Araguaia River. The regional landscape is characterized by phytophysiognomies that include forest and savanna categories (Typical Cerrado, Deciduous Dry Forest, Riparian Forest and Gallery Forest). The type series was collected during the reservoir formation of the Hydroelectric Power Plant Santo Antonio do Caiapó, in Riparian Forest remnants. These remnants are limited to narrow bands of primary vegetation along the Caiapó River, and in some cases disappear and give way to savanna formations or have been replaced by pastures. Phylogenetic relationships. Our concatenated alignment for five genes resulted in a matrix with a total of 3.966 base pairs. The proportion of gaps and completely undetermined characters in this alignment was 38.6%. The Partition Finder identified 11 partitions with GTR+G model for maximum Likelihood. The maximum likelihood analyses found a single tree with log likelihood of -42635.245032. The general topology resulted of the maximum likelihood analyses (Fig. 5) was similar to previous works, as Vidal et al. (2008) and Mott & Vieites (2009), for the mains groups of Amphisbaenia. Amphisbaena mebengokre sp. nov. was recovered as a sister group of A. anaemariae with 100% of bootstrap support. The clade formed by A. mebengokre sp. nov. and A. anaemariae was recovered as sister group of A. silvestrii with high value of bootstrap support (100%). The genetic distance (pdistance) between A. mebengokre sp. nov. and A. anaemariae is 16.5%, and between A. mebengokre sp. nov. and A. silvestrii is 18.9% for ND2 gene; and the genetic distance (p -distance) between A. mebengokre sp. nov. and A. anaemariae is 6.9%, and between A. mebengokre and A. silvestrii is 7.8% for 16S gene.

Amphisbaena mebengokre sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 3; Tables 1, 2) Holotype. An adult male (MNRJ 25189) collected on the banks of the Caiap�� River (16 o 27���25������S, 51 o 22���41������W; 464 m above of sea level; datum = WGS84) near to the Hydroelectric Power Plant Santo Ant��nio do Caiap��, Municipality of Aren��polis, State of Goi��s, Brazil, on 22 November 2012 by Jafi M. Carmo and Wilian Vaz-Silva. Paratypes. Adult males: MNRJ 25191, MNRJ 25194, MNRJ 25196, MNRJ 25198, MPEG 32206, ZUFG 1194, ZUFG 1196, ZUFG 1201, ZUFG 1204, ZUFG 1205, ZUFG 1207. Adult females: MNRJ 25190, MNRJ 25192, MNRJ 25193, MNRJ 25195, MNRJ 25197, MPEG 32205, ZUFG 1193, ZUFG 1195, ZUFG 1197, ZUFG 1200, ZUFG 1202, and ZUFG 1203. Undetermined: ZUFG 1206. All paratypes are from the type locality, Aren��polis municipality, state of Goi��s, Brazil, collected by Wilian Vaz-Silva, Jafi M. Carmo, Paulo Roberto Gomes, and Edmar P. Victor between 22 and 28 November 2012. Diagnosis. The new species is a member of the Amphisbaena silvestrii group (sensu Vanzolini 1997) and is distinguished from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: (1) snout rounded in dorsal view and slightly convex in profile view; (2) two precloacal pores; (3) 161���176 dorsal half-annuli; (4) 12���15 tail annuli; (5) 3/3 supralabials; and (6) postmalar row absent. Comparisons with other species. Amphisbaena mebengokre sp. nov. can be distinguished the other South American amphisbaenians species by a combination of characters. Differs from Amphisbaena acrobeles (Ribeiro, Castro-Mello & Nogueira, 2009); Amphisbaena anomala (Barbour, 1914); Amphisbaena bilabialata (Stimson, 1972); Amphisbaena kingii (Bell, 1833); Leposternon bagual Ribeiro, Santos-Jr & Zaher, 2015; Leposternon cerradensis Ribeiro, Vaz-Silva & Santos-Jr, 2008; Leposternon infraorbitale (Berthold, 1859); Leposternon kisteumacheri Porto, Soares & Caramaschi, 2000; Leposternon maximus Ribeiro, Nogueira, Cintra, Silva Junior & Zaher, 2011; Leposternon microcephalum Wagler, 1824; Leposternon mineiro Ribeiro, Silveira & Santos-Jr, 2018; Leposternon octostegum (Dum��ril & Dum��ril, 1851); Leposternon polystegum (Dum��ril & Dum��ril, 1851); Leposternon scutigerum (Hemprich, 1820); Leposternon wuchereri (Peters, 1879); Mesobaena huebneri Mertens, 1925; and Mesobaena rhachicephala Hoogmoed, Pinto, Rocha & Pereira, 2009 mainly by having snout rounded in dorsal view and slightly convex in profile view (vs. snout shovel-like or compressed forming a sharp and prominent keel) (details of cited species in original descriptions and studies of Gans 1971a, 1971b; Mott et al. 2008; Hoogmoed et al. 2009; Ribeiro et al. 2009; Ribeiro 2010; and Ribeiro et al. 2018). It differs from all others Amphisbaena species with rounded snout, except of A. absaberi, A. anaemariae, A. brevis, A. caiari, A. carli, A. crisae, A. cuiabana, A. darwini, A. dubia, A. filiformis, A. hiata, A. kiriri, A. leeseri, A. lumbricalis, A. miringoera, A. mitchelli, A. neglecta, A. persephone, A. roberti, and A. silvestrii by having two precloacals pores. The new species differs from all Amphisbaena species with two precloacals pores, except A. anaemariae, A. crisae, A. darwini, A. kiriri and A. silvestrii by having 161���176 dorsal half-annuli (vs. less than 140 dorsal half-annuli in A. brevis, less than 154 in A. neglecta, and more than 188 dorsal half-annuli in the other species). It differs from Amphisbaena anaemariae, A. crisae, A. darwini, and A. silvestrii by having 12���15 tail annuli (vs. more than 18 tail annuli in the other species); and A. kiriri by having 3/3 supralabials and postmalar row absent (vs. 4/4 supralabials and postmalar row present). Description of the holotype. A male adult; snout-vent length 159 mm; tail length 12 mm; midbody diameter 6.7 mm (4.2% of snout-vent length); head length 5.7 mm (ca. 3.6% of snout-vent length) distinct from the neck (slightly constrict); snout rounded in dorsal view and slightly convex in profile view; rostrum projecting forward beyond the jaw. Rostral slightly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 1C), subtriangular in ventral view (Fig. 1B), lateral portion straight, in contact with nasals laterally and first supralabial latero-posteriorly. Nasals with irregular shape, paired, with a small middorsal suture (suture length ca. 14.1% of head length), posterior portion straight, in contact with first supralabial laterally, second supralabial latero-posteriorly and prefrontals posteriorly. Nostril near the anteroinferior angle of the nasal shield (Fig. 1A). Prefrontals paired, relatively large (ca. 30% of head length), with a long middorsal suture (ca. 30% of head length), longer than the nasal middorsal suture, shorter than the frontal middorsal suture (ca. 42% of head length), anterior portion convex, latero-posterior portion projected, in contact with second supralabial and ocular laterally, frontals posteriorly and in point contact with post-ocular posteriorly. Frontals irregularly polygonal, paired, with a long middorsal suture (ca. 30% of head length), elongated, 1.9 times longer than wide, separated from ocular by the point contact of the prefrontal and postocular, in contact with postocular laterally and parietal posteriorly. Parietals irregularly polygonal, paired, with a short middorsal suture (ca. 12% of head length), almost as long as wide, with their posterior border straight and parallel to the second body annulus, in contact with postocular laterally, and second body annulus posteriorly. The anterior edge of the parietals is at the level of the angulus oris. Body annulus behind parietals, shows 25 regular middorsal scales (Fig. 1C). Ocular diamond-shaped, relatively long (length representing ca. 30.2% of head length), in broad contact with second and third supralabials laterally and postocular posteriorly. Eyes visible, located in near anterior angle. Postocular pentagonal, relatively long (length. 27.7% of head length), almost as high (1.8 mm) as long (1.6 mm), in lower contact with temporal, with their posterior border straight and parallel to the second body annulus posteriorly (Fig. 1A). Three supralabials, irregularly polygonal, increasing in size posteriorly; first rhomboid, smallest, 1.1 times longer than high, in contact with second supralabial posteriorly; second supralabial relatively high and narrow, forming an irregular trapezium, ca. 0.8 times higher than wide, in contact with frontal third supralabial posteriorly; third supralabial pentagonal, almost as high (1.3 mm) as wide (1.2 mm), in contact with temporal and postsupralabial posteriorly. Posteriorly to the supralabials there is a row of scales that includes the postocular, temporal and postsupralabial. Temporal smaller than postocular, limited to the second body annuli posteriorly, in point contact with ocular, in upper contact with the postocular and with the upper part of the third supralabial, in lower contact with postsupralabial. One quadrangular postsupralabial, relatively small (ca. 12.3% of head length), limited to the second body annuli posteriorly. Three infralabials, first irregular, in point contact with postmental, in broad contact with mental and second infralabial. Second infralabial irregularly polygonal, largest (length representing ca. 27.5% of head length), longer than wide, in contact with postmental and genials laterally and malar and third infralabial posteriorly. Third infralabial smallest, nearly rectangular, longer than wide, in contact with malar laterally and first body annulus posteriorly. On the side of the third infralabial, is a slightly enlarged scale of first body annulus (behind angulus oris) that appears to continue the infralabial series. Mental single, anteriorly abruptly widening, only slightly larger than postmental in the posterior border, lateral borders straight, in broad contact with postmental posteriorly. Postmental single, relatively long (26.5%), pentagonal, in broad contact with first row of postgenials posteriorly. Two rows of postgenials; first with two distinctly larger scales and one smaller, in contact with malars laterally and with second postgenial row posteriorly. Second postgenial row with five irregularly polygonal equally sized shields, in contact with malars laterally and first body annuli posteriorly. Two malars, one on each side, irregularly polygonal, in contact with first body annulus posteriorly. Postmalar row absent. Body annuli distinct. The first body annulus is well-defined only ventrally. Dorsally, the first body annulus includes the postsupralabial, temporal and the very large postocular, dorsally limited by the frontal and parietal. Body annuli 170 with ventral part missing. Two lateral annuli in the cloacal region. Dorsal and ventral sulci absent; 14 dorsal and 12 ventral segments per midbody annulus; ventral segments with two central scales larger than adjacent scales and, only these, slightly larger than dorsal scales. Lateral sulci well marked and apparent from the 31 st body annulus almost to level of cloaca. Two precloacal pores in two adjacent central scales of the precloacal shield (Fig. 2A). Cloacal segments regular, four larger and one small and 10 postcloacal segments. Fourteen caudal annuli; fifth tail annulus is slightly narrowed, it may correspond to an autotomic site (Fig. 2B). Tip of tail rounded (Fig. 2B). Pattern color on preservative of the holotype. Anterior portion of head whitish, posterior portion of prefrontals, frontals, ocular, postocular and parietals dark brown (Fig. 4). Trunk and tail are uniform dark brown. Venter of head, mid of belly and cloaca whitish, lateral of belly and ventral portion of tail present a checkerboard pattern with dark brown segments. Variation. Morphometric and meristic variations of the type series are given in Table 1. A few variations in the position of the cephalic shields were observed, when compared to the holotype. The paratypes ZUFG 1197 and ZUFG 1207 present parietal in a rectangular shape. ZUFG 1198 presents an azygous shield between the right parietal and first annulus of the body. ZUFG 1203 have a rectangular parietal only on the right side of the body. MNRJ 25191 presents an azygous shield between the parietal shield and the frontal on the right side of the body. MNRJ 25196 has irregular segments in part of the dorsal portion of the first annuli of the body. Etymology. Amphisbaena mebengokre sp. nov. was found on the banks of the Caiap�� River. The river's name gives homage to the indigenous people who inhabited the region and were expelled by the colonizers. The term "Kayap��" was first used in the early nineteenth century. The term was created by neighboring indigenous groups and means "those who look like monkeys" (a reference to a ritual using monkey masks). The Kayap�� people prefer to call themselves "Meb��ng��kre", which means "men of the springs." The specific epithet mebengokre gives homage to the Meb��ng��kre ethnicity. Distribution and habitat. Amphisbaena mebengokre sp. nov. is know only to the type locality in the municipality of Aren��polis, core region of the Cerrado biome in western state of Goi��s (Fig. 4) The region is drained by the Caiap�� River, a tributary of the right bank of the Araguaia River. The regional landscape is characterized by phytophysiognomies that include forest and savanna categories (Typical Cerrado, Deciduous Dry Forest, Riparian Forest and Gallery Forest). The type series was collected during the reservoir formation of the Hydroelectric Power Plant Santo Antonio do Caiap��, in Riparian Forest remnants. These remnants are limited to narrow bands of primary vegetation along the Caiap�� River, and in some cases disappear and give way to savanna formations or have been replaced by pastures. Phylogenetic relationships. Our concatenated alignment for five genes resulted in a matrix with a total of 3.966 base pairs. The proportion of gaps and completely undetermined characters in this alignment was 38.6%. The Partition Finder identified 11 partitions with GTR+G model for maximum Likelihood. The maximum likelihood analyses found a single tree with log likelihood of -42635.245032. The general topology resulted of the maximum likelihood analyses (Fig. 5) was similar to previous works, as Vidal et al. (2008) and Mott & Vieites (2009), for the mains groups of Amphisbaenia. Amphisbaena mebengokre sp. nov. was recovered as a sister group of A. anaemariae with 100% of bootstrap support. The clade formed by A. mebengokre sp. nov. and A. anaemariae was recovered as sister group of A. silvestrii with high value of bootstrap support (100%). The genetic distance (pdistance) between A. mebengokre sp. nov. and A. anaemariae is 16.5%, and between A. mebengokre sp. nov. and A. silvestrii is 18.9% for ND2 gene; and the genetic distance (p -distance) between A. mebengokre sp. nov. and A. anaemariae is 6.9%, and between A. mebengokre and A. silvestrii is 7.8% for 16S gene., Published as part of Ribeiro, S��ria, S��, V��nia, Santos-Jr, Alfredo P., Graboski, Roberta, Zaher, Hussam, Guedes, Andrei G., Andrade, Sheila P. & Vaz-Silva, Wilian, 2019, A new species of the Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado with a key for the two-pored species, pp. 301-320 in Zootaxa 4550 (3) on pages 303-308, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4550.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2625391, {"references":["Vanzolini, P. E. (1997) The silvestrii species group of Amphisbaena, with the description of two new Brazilian species (Reptilia: Amphisbaenia). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 40, 65 - 85.","Ribeiro, S., Castro-Mello, C. & Nogueira, C. (2009) New species of Anops Bell, 1893, (Squamata, Amphisbaenia). Journal of Herpetology, 43, 21 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 07 - 299 R 1.1","Barbour, T. (1914) Some new reptiles. Proceedings of the New England Zoology Club, 4, 95 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9343","Stimson, A. F. (1972) A new species of Anops from Mato Grosso, Brazil (Reptilia: Amphisbaenia). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology, 24, 205 - 212.","Bell, T. (1833) Mr. Bell exhibited specimens of two reptiles, forming part of his collection, which he regarded as the types of two genera hitherto undescribed. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1833, 98 - 99.","Ribeiro, S., Santos-Jr, A. P. & Zaher, H. (2015) A new species of Leposternon Wagler, 1824 (Squamata, Amphisbaenia) from northeastern Argentina. Zootaxa, 4034 (2), 309 - 324. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4034.2.4","Ribeiro, S., Vaz-Silva, W. & Santos-Jr, A. P. (2008) New pored Leposternon (Squamata, Amphisbaenia) from Brazilian Cerrado. Zootaxa, 1930, 18 - 38.","Berthold, A. A. (1859) Einige neue Reptilien des akademisch zoologischen Museums in Gottingen. Nachrichten Georg August Universitaet Koniglichen Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft, 17, 179 - 181.","Porto, M., Soares, M. & Caramaschi, U. (2000) A new species of Leposternon (Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil, with a key to the species of the genus (Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, 412, 1 - 10.","Ribeiro, S., Nogueira, C., Cintra, C. E., Silva Junior, N. J. & Zaher, H. (2011) Description of a new pored Leposternon (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado. South American Journal of Herpetology, 6, 177 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / 057.006.0303","Wagler, J. (1824) Serpentum Brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des especes nouvelles de Serpens. In: Spix, J., Animalia nova sive species novae. Typis Francisci Seraphi Hubschmann, Monaco, pp. 1 - 7.","Ribeiro, S., Silveira, A. & Santos-Jr, A. P. (2018) A new species of Leposternon (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from brazilian Cerrado with a key to pored species. Journal of Herpetology, 52, 50 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 16 - 125","Dumeril, A. M. C. & Dumeril, A. H. A. (1851) Catalogue methodique de la collection des reptiles du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Gide et Baudry, Paris, 224 pp.","Hemprich, W. F. G. (1820) Amphisbaenarum generis novas species duas descripsit. Ferhandlungen der Gesellschaft Naturforschunden Freunde, 1, 129 - 130.","Peters, W. C. H. (1879) Qber die Amphisbaenen und eine zu denselben gehorige neue Art (Lepidosternon wuchereri). Monatsberichte der Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1879, 273 - 277.","Mertens, R. (1925) Eine neue Eidechsengattung aus der Familie der Leposterniden. Senckenbergiana, 7, 170 - 171.","Hoogmoed, M. S., Pinto, R. R, Rocha, W. A. & Pereira, E. G. (2009) A new species of Mesobaena Mertens, 1925 (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from Brazilian guiana, with a key to the Amphisbaenidae of the guianan region. Herpetologica, 65, 436 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 08 - 062.1","Gans, C. (1971 a) Studies on amphisbaenians (Amphisbaenia: Reptilia). 4. A review of the amphisbaenid genus Leposternon. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 144, 379 - 46.","Gans, C. (1971 b) Redescription of three monotypic genera of amphisbaenians from South America: Aulura Barbour, Bronia Gray and Mesobaena Mertens. American Museum Novitates, 2475, 1 - 32.","Mott, T., Morais, D. H. & Kawashita-Ribeiro, R. A. (2008) Reptilia, Squamata, Amphisbaenidae, Anops bilabialatus: Distribution extension, meristic data, and conservation. Check List, 4 (2), 146 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 4.2.146","Ribeiro, S. (2010) Revisao sistematica de Leposternon Wagler, 1824 (Squamata: Amphisbaenia). Ph. D. Dissertation, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 507 pp.","Vidal, N., Azvolinsky, A., Cruaud, C. & Hedges, S. B. (2008) Origin of tropical American burrowing reptiles by transatlantic rafting. Biology Letters, 4, 115 - 118.","Mott, T. & Vieites, D. R. (2009) Molecular phylogenetics revels extreme morphological homoplasy in Brazilian worm lizards challenging current taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 51, 190 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.01.014"]}

Key to the species of Amphisbaena with two precloacal pores 1. Precloacals pores separated for median hiatus............................................................... 2 - Precloacals pores arranged in a continuous series............................................................ 5 2. 4/4 supralabials....................................................................................... 3 - 3/3 supralabials....................................................................................... 4 3. Nasals paired, postmalar row present, less than 170 body annuli, tail with autotomic constriction, less than 19 dorsal segments in midbody half-annulus................................................................. Amphisbaena kiriri - Nasals separated by rostral, postmalar row absent, more than 215 body annuli, autotomic constriction of tail absent, 20 or more less than 19 dorsal segments in midbody half-annulus........................................... Amphisbaena carli 4. More than 238 dorsal half-annuli, less than 16 tail annuli, postmalar row absent, tail tip compressed.. Amphisbaena absaberi - Less than 215 dorsal half-annuli, more than 17 tail annuli, postmalar row present, tail tip rounded....... Amphisbaena hiata 5. Postmalar present..................................................................................... 6 - Postmalar absent...................................................................................... 8 6. Body annuli 216���249; tail tip slightly compressed............................................ Amphisbaena leeseri - Body annuli less than 207, tail tip rounded.................................................................. 7 7. Dorsal and ventral sulci present; 10���12 dorsal and 10���14 ventral segments to a midbody annulus..... Amphisbaena silvestrii - Dorsal and ventral sulci absent; 13���19 more dorsal and 16���23 ventral segments to a midbody annulus...................................................................................................... Amphisbaena darwini 8. Dorsal half-annuli less than 139, 9 tail annuli................................................. Amphisbaena brevis - Dorsal half-annuli more than 150, tail annuli more than 12..................................................... 9 9. Dorsal half-annuli less than 186......................................................................... 10 - Dorsal half-annuli more than 202........................................................................ 13 10. 10 dorsal and 10 ventral segments to a midbody annulus........................................ Amphisbaena crisae - 12���16 dorsal and ventral segments to a midbody annulus..................................................... 11 11. Dorsal and ventral sulci present......................................................... Amphisbaena neglecta - Dorsal and ventral sulci absent.......................................................................... 12 12. 12���15 tail annuli; tail representing 6.1%���9.3% of snout-vent length; prefrontals relatively long, representing 27.7%���4.1% (33.4% means, n = 28) of head length........................................... Amphisbaena mebengokre sp. nov. - more than 16 tail annuli, tail representing more than 13% of snout-vent length, prefrontals relatively small, representing 24.7% of head length (holotype date)........................................................ Amphisbaena anaemariae 13. Body annuli 328���342................................................................ Amphisbaena filiformis - Body annuli less than 292.............................................................................. 14 14. Tail autotomic constriction absent........................................................................ 15 - Tail autotomic constriction present....................................................................... 17 15. Tail tip strongly compressed............................................................. Amphisbaena roberti - Tail tip rounded...................................................................................... 16 16. Tail annuli 13���18, dorsal sulci present...................................................... Amphisbaena dubia - Tail annuli 20���26, dorsal sulci absent.................................................. Amphisbaena lumbricalis 17. 10 dorsal segments to a midbody annulus.................................................... Amphisbaena caiari - 12���16 dorsal segments to a midbody annulus............................................................... 18 18. Body annuli 203���220, caudal annuli 26���29, dorsal sulci absent............................... Amphisbaena mitchelli - Body annuli more than 229, tail annuli 18���24, dorsal sulci present.............................................. 19 19. Tail tip rounded................................................................... Amphisbaena miringoera - Tail tip slightly or strongly compressed................................................................... 20 20. Body annuli 230���241, nasal well delimited and in contact in dorsal portion.................... Amphisbaena persephone - Body annuli 283���292, nasal shield partially distinct........................................ Amphisbaena cuiabana, Published as part of Ribeiro, S��ria, S��, V��nia, Santos-Jr, Alfredo P., Graboski, Roberta, Zaher, Hussam, Guedes, Andrei G., Andrade, Sheila P. & Vaz-Silva, Wilian, 2019, A new species of the Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado with a key for the two-pored species, pp. 301-320 in Zootaxa 4550 (3) on page 313, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4550.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2625391