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O texto discute sobre as tecnologias verdes no âmbito do processo de inovação, com base na análise das patentes verdes solicitadas em nível global e, mais particularmente, no estudo das patentes de prioridade Brasil e Espanha. Patentes verdes aqui entendidas como patentes com foco em tecnologias verdes, ou seja, tecnologias adaptativas e mitigadores das mudanças do clima, o que compreende redução da emissão de carbono e poluição, aumento da eficiência energética e de recursos e a redução da perda de biodiversidade e dos ecossistemas. Do ponto de vista metodológico, formulou-se uma estratégia de busca com base nas tabelas Green Technology Manual Codes. Para a constituição do corpus de 224.673 registros de patentes extraídas da base de dados Derwent World Patents Index – período de cobertura 2004-2013 – o foco foram as tecnologias verdes estabelecidas pela Convenção Marco das Nações Unidas sobre a Mudança Climática. Os resultados do estudo demonstraram a amplitude da mobilização de esforços, ora sob a égide da economia verde, no propósito da mudança do modelo de produção tradicional, não como uma opção, mas como uma tendência imperativa da economia mundial., The paper discusses about green technologies in the scope of the innovation process, based on the analysis of the green patents requested in a global level and, more specifically, on the study of the priority patents Brazil and Spain. Green patents, defined here, as patents that have focus in green technology, that is, adaptive and mitigation technologies of the climate change, which comprehends reduction of carbon emissions and pollution, efficient increase of energy and resources and reduction of the biodiversity loss and the ecosystems. From the methodological point of view, a search strategy was formulated based on the Green Technology Manual Codes tables. The established concept of the green technology by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was used to build the corpus of the 224.673 patent registers extract from Derwent World Patents Index data bases, between 2004 and 2013. The results of the analysis demonstrate the extent of the efforts mobilization, sometimes set up under the aegis of the green economy, which aims to change the traditional production model, not only as an option but as an imperative trend of the world economy

Although the sustainability movement began to take shape in the early nineteen seventies, it was not until 1987 with the publication of the Brundtland Report that it acquired institutional recognit...

RESUMENEsta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar la evolución temporal de la producción científica en colaboración entre Brasil y España en el área de la Medicina, en el periodo 2002-2011, además de identificar las instituciones y países más productivos y representar y analizar las redes de colaboración institucional entre los países colaboradores. Como fuente de información se utilizó Scopus, por considerarla como la principal base de datos multidisciplinar y con mayor cobertura geográfica. Los documentos analizados se han limitado a los artículos originales. Se recuperaron 1 121 artículos científicos, con un total de 13 906 firmas. Se calculó, para cada año, la tasa de crecimiento anual de la colaboración científica entre Brasil y España. Es significativo reseñar que han participado instituciones de 121 países diferentes, lo que demuestra el alto grado de internacionalización de los trabajos recogidos, y una red de colaboración científica en la que participan 51 países con al menos 15 contribuciones. Se constata el alto grado de colaboración entre estos dos países y el aumento significativo desarrollado a lo largo de los años en el área de la Medicina, así como su participación con otros países, si bien resulta importante resaltar que en más de la mitad de los trabajos (58%) se ve implicado un tercer país, impulsando la cooperación internacional.ABSTRACTThis study analyzes the development of Spanish-Brazilian collaborative scientific production in the field of medical research between 2002 and 2011, identifying the most productive institutions, the proportion of researchers from each country and bi-lateral collaborative networks. Data were gathered from the Scopus database, which offers broad, international coverage of multidisciplinary research. A study sample of 1,121 original scientific articles signed by 13,906 researchers were retrieved, on the basis of which the annual growth rate of Spanish-Brazilian medical research was calculated. A remarkably high degree of internationalization was found, with 121 countries participating in the papers sampled. Moreover, Fully 51 countries in this international network boast at least 15 contributions. The study finds a high degree of collaboration between Spain and Brazil, and significant growth of collaboration in the area of medical research, including collaborations with other countries, with fully 58% of the sample involving a third country.

Energy efficiency is part of the commitment to environmental sustainability made by the organizations that promote and finance research and by the researchers that make this field their subject of study. Although there is growing interest in the subject, it is worth asking whether the research has been approached considering citizens&rsquo, needs or citizens&rsquo, participation. The main objective of this study is to analyse whether energy efficiency research has adopted a citizen science perspective. Using scientometric methods, the SCOPUS and CORDIS databases were consulted and a document search strategy was developed to gather information on publications and projects. The analysis revealed that, out of 265 projects under the Seventh Framework Programme on Energy Efficiency, only seven (3%) were related to citizen science. Although there is a large volume of publications on energy efficiency (over 200,000) and a considerable number of publications on citizen science (&gt, 30,000 articles), only 336 documents were identified that deal with both topics. The number of projects and publications on these topics has increased in recent years, with universities being the institutions that have published the most. Content analysis found that the most frequent topics are public perception of the use of renewable energies, citizen participation in measures to address climate change and global warming, and the involvement of different stakeholders in the use and responsible consumption of energy. Finally, information was collected on the impact of these publications on social media and altmetric tools. It was revealed that 33% of the 336 papers have had a presence in different sources, especially Twitter. This is a high figure compared with the dissemination achieved by papers from other disciplines.

Os rankings universitários ganharam importância no cenário nacional e internacional e constituem um dos instrumentos de análise do desempenho das universidades. Esta pesquisa analisa o desempenho de 29 universidades brasileiras classificadas nos rankings Leiden, Shanghai, QS e THE. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o desempenho das universidades brasileiras é muito bom, especialmente no que diz respeito ao volume de produção científica, no entanto, o impacto, medido pelas citações recebidas, ainda constitui um grande desafio. O volume de publicações nas revistas Nature e Science, assim como a ampliação da colaboração internacional, são estratégias que podem ampliar o impacto e abrir caminho para o alcance de melhores posições nestes rankings. The university rankings have gained importance in the international and national scenario and constitute one of the performance analysis mechanisms of the universities. This research analyzes the performance of 29 Brazilian universities rated at the Leiden, Shanghai, QS and THE rankings. The results obtained allowed to conclude that the Brazilian universities performances is very good, especially in terms of the amount of scientific output, however, the impact, measured by the citations, still constitutes a vast challenge. The amount of papers at the journals Nature and Science, as well as the international collaboration, are strategies that can expand the impact and pave the way for reaching better positions at these rankings.

Bibliometrics, the statistical analysis of written publications, is an increasingly popular approach to the assessment of scientific activity. Bibliometrics allows researchers to assess the impact of a field, or research area, and has been used to make decisions regarding research funding. Through bibliometric analysis, we hypothesized that a bibliometric analysis of difficult airway research would demonstrate a growth in authors and articles over time.Using the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases, we conducted a search of published manuscripts on the difficult airway from January 1981 to December 2013. After removal of duplicates, we identified 2412 articles. We then analyzed the articles as a group to assess indicators of productivity, collaboration, and impact over this time period.We found an increase in productivity over the study period, with 37 manuscripts published between 1981 and 1990, and 1268 between 2001 and 2010 (P.001). The difficult airway papers growth rate was bigger than that of anesthesiology research in general, with CAGR (cumulative average growth rate) since 1999 for difficult airway9% for both WoS and Scopus, and CAGR for anesthesiology as a whole =0.64% in WoS, and =3.30% in Scopus. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the number of papers published per author and the number of coauthored manuscripts (P.001). We also found an increase in the number of coauthored manuscripts, in international cooperation between institutions, and in the number of citations for each manuscript. For any author, we also identified a positive relationship between the number of citations per manuscript and the number of papers published (P.001).We found a greater increase over time in the number of difficult airway manuscripts than for anesthesiology research overall. We found that collaboration between authors increases their impact, and that an increase in collaboration increases citation rates. Publishing in English and in certain journals, and collaborating with certain authors and institutions, increases the visibility of manuscripts published on this subject.

The paper discusses about green technologies in the scope of the innovation process, based on the analysis of the green patents requested in a global level and, more specifically, on the study of the priority patents Brazil and Spain. Green patents, defined here, as patents that have focus in green technology, that is, adaptive and mitigation technologies of the climate change, which comprehends reduction of carbon emissions and pollution, efficient increase of energy and resources and reduction of the biodiversity loss and the ecosystems. From the methodological point of view, a search strategy was formulated based on the Green Technology Manual Codes tables. The established concept of the green technology by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was used to build the corpus of the 224.673 patent registers extract from Derwent World Patents Index data bases, between 2004 and 2013. The results of the analysis demonstrate the extent of the efforts mobilization, sometimes set up under the aegis of the green economy, which aims to change the traditional production model, not only as an option but as an imperative trend of the world economy O texto discute sobre as tecnologias verdes no âmbito do processo de inovação, com base na análise das patentes verdes solicitadas em nível global e, mais particularmente, no estudo das patentes de prioridade Brasil e Espanha. Patentes verdes aqui entendidas como patentes com foco em tecnologias verdes, ou seja, tecnologias adaptativas e mitigadores das mudanças do clima, o que compreende redução da emissão de carbono e poluição, aumento da eficiência energética e de recursos e a redução da perda de biodiversidade e dos ecossistemas. Do ponto de vista metodológico, formulou-se uma estratégia de busca com base nas tabelas Green Technology Manual Codes. Para a constituição do corpus de 224.673 registros de patentes extraídas da base de dados Derwent World Patents Index – período de cobertura 2004-2013 – o foco foram as tecnologias verdes estabelecidas pela Convenção Marco das Nações Unidas sobre a Mudança Climática. Os resultados do estudo demonstraram a amplitude da mobilização de esforços, ora sob a égide da economia verde, no propósito da mudança do modelo de produção tradicional, não como uma opção, mas como uma tendência imperativa da economia mundial.

Se analizan los 197 artículos publicados en la Revista Española de Documentación Científica (REDC) durante el sexenio 2010-2015. El 25,9% de los mismos se relaciona con estudios métricos de la información e indicadores científicos, temática que ha caracterizado a la revista desde su creación en el año 1977, y por la que forma parte del clúster de Cienciometría y Bibliometría, según la red de citación de revistas de la categoría Library and Information Science (LIS), del Journal Citation Reports, donde ocupa una posición media en el ranking de revistas de su especialidad, oscilando entre el segundo y tercer cuartil. La REDC mantiene un cierto carácter endogámico, tanto en las referencias aportadas por la propia revista (5% del total de referencias), como en las autocitas recibidas (39% de todas las citas), la mayoría de ellas referidas a estudios bibliométricos, lo que se explica por su alta especialización en dicha materia. El impacto normalizado (INR, Impacto Normalizado a la Revista) para las distintas áreas temáticas publicadas no está relacionado con la productividad de cada área, sino que son las áreas menos representadas las que mayor impacto presentan. Por otra parte, los artículos publicados por instituciones extranjeras, tanto en colaboración con España o sin colaboración española, suponen el 16% del total (32 artículos), y proceden principalmente de América Latina, destacando Cuba y Colombia como los más productivos.

a b s t r a c t Aim: To analyze the distribution of the production, repercussion and co-authorship of articles on smok- ing in the "respiratory system" category through the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) and their inclusion in the first quartile of the Journal Citation Report (JCR). Methods: The literature search was performed in the SCI-E. Articles were selected for 2001-2010 for "respiratory system" using the descriptors "smok*" and "tobac*". Results: We found 1858 articles (ignoring collaboration) on the topic of smoking. The median number of published articles by five-year period was higher for the 2006-2010 period vs the 2001-2005 period; in contrast, the number of citations and the citation index was higher for documents published in the first five-year period. Some 40.47% (ignoring collaboration) of the articles (752 documents, ignoring collaboration) were published in first quartile journals. We found very well established and cohesive co-authorship networks. Conclusions: Articles on smoking in the area of respiratory medicine increased in this time period, with 40% of the total documents in journals in the first quartile of the JCR. The citation rate was high, with the EU-27 countries having higher impact and repercussion. We found very well established and cohesive co-authorship networks.

[EN]: This study analyzes the development of Spanish-Brazilian collaborative scientific production in the field of medical research between 2002 and 2011, identifying the most productive institutions, the proportion of researchers from each country and bi-lateral collaborative networks. Data were gathered from the Scopus database, which offers broad, international coverage of multidisciplinary research. A study sample of 1,121 original scientific articles signed by 13,906 researchers were retrieved, on the basis of which the annual growth rate of Spanish-Brazilian medical research was calculated. A remarkably high degree of internationalization was found, with 121 countries participating in the papers sampled. Moreover, Fully 51 countries in this international network boast at least 15 contributions. The study finds a high degree of collaboration between Spain and Brazil, and significant growth of collaboration in the area of medical research, including collaborations with other countries, with fully 58 % of the sample involving a third country., [ES]: Esta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar la evolución temporal de la producción científica en colaboración entre Brasil y España en el área de la Medicina, en el periodo 2002-2011, además de identificar las instituciones y países más productivos y representar y analizar las redes de colaboración institucional entre los países colaboradores. Como fuente de información se utilizó Scopus, por considerarla como la principal base de datos multidisciplinar y con mayor cobertura geográfica. Los documentos analizados se han limitado a los artículos originales. Se recuperaron 1 121 artículos científicos, con un total de 13 906 firmas. Se calculó, para cada año, la tasa de crecimiento anual de la colaboración científica entre Brasil y España. Es significativo reseñar que han participado instituciones de 121 países diferentes, lo que demuestra el alto grado de internacionalización de los trabajos recogidos, y una red de colaboración científica en la que participan 51 países con al menos 15 contribuciones. Se constata el alto grado de colaboración entre estos dos países y el aumento significativo desarrollado a lo largo de los años en el área de la Medicina, así como su participación con otros países, si bien resulta importante resaltar que en más de la mitad de los trabajos (58 %) se ve implicado un tercer país, impulsando la cooperación internacional.

Decision-making in COPD is complicated by the lack of clear prognostic factors. In this clinical situation it is also necessary to include the desires, values and choices of patients. The problem is more complex in the critical episodes, where the patients are incapable to make decisions. The instruments that allow incapable patients to represent themselves, the kind of patients who could benefit from its use, and the Spanish legislation on the matter, are presented in the first part of the work. The paper goes on to explain how to apply advance directives to the case of COPD. The article concludes that the appropriate use of advance directives and advanced care planning increases the quality of decisions at the end of the life of the patients with COPD."

Resumen La toma de decisiones en la EPOC es compleja por la ausencia de indicadores pronosticos claros. En estas situaciones clinicas es aun mas necesaria la introduccion de los deseos, valores y elecciones de los pacientes. El problema es aun mas complejo en los episodios criticos intercurrentes, en los que el paciente no suele ser capaz de hecho. En la primera parte del articulo se definen los instrumentos que permiten que un paciente incapaz se represente a si mismo, el tipo de pacientes que mas se pueden beneficiar de su uso, y la legislacion espanola al respecto. En la segunda se aplica al caso de la EPOC. El articulo concluye que el uso adecuado de las directivas previas y la planificacion anticipada de decisiones incrementa la calidad y el fundamento en la toma de decisiones al final de la vida de los pacientes con EPOC.

Decision-making in COPD is complicated by the lack of clear prognostic factors. In this clinical situation it is also necessary to include the desires, values and choices of patients. The problem is more complex in the critical episodes, where the patients are incapable to make decisions. The instruments that allow incapable patients to represent themselves, the kind of patients who could benefit from its use, and the Spanish legislation on the matter, are presented in the first part of the work. The paper goes on to explain how to apply advance directives to the case of COPD. The article concludes that the appropriate use of advance directives and advanced care planning increases the quality of decisions at the end of the life of the patients with COPD."