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Ce[O.sub.2] nanoparticles (CNPs) as effective ROS scavengers exhibit potent antioxidant activity. In this study the effect of CNPs investigated was on HO-1, NQO1, and GCLC expression in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: controls did not receive any treatment; diabetic rats received STZ (60 mg/kg daily); CNPs group received CNPs 30 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks; and rats in STZ + CNPs group received CNPs 30 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks following STZ injection. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measurement of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS levels). HO-1, NQO1, and GCLC expression was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Following STZ injection, significant lower levels of TAC and higher levels of TOS were observed. CNPs could alleviate deleterious effects of diabetes through the enhancement of TAC levels and a significant decline in TOS levels. HO-1, NQO1, and GCLC expression in the diabetic rats were lower than controls. HO-1, NQO1, and GCLC was upregulated in the diabetic rats treated with CNPs. There were significant correlations between NQO1 and GCLC, NQO1 and HO-1, and between HO-1 and GCLC expression. Moreover, Nrf2 was associated with NQO1, GCLC, and HO-1 expression. CNPs as Nrf2 upregulator confer protection against oxidative stress in the testes of STZ-induced diabetic rats by upregulating HO-1, GCLC, and NQO1 cytoprotective genes. Key words: CNPs, HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, diabetes mellitus, Nrf2, oxidative stress. Les nanoparticules de Ce[O.sub.2] (NPC) presentent une puissante activite antioxydante en tant que piegeurs efficaces des derives reactifs de l'oxygene. Dans ces travaux, nous avons etudie les effets des NPC sur l'expression des genes HO-1, NQO1 et GCLC dans un modele de diabete provoque par la streptozotocine (STZ) chez le rat. Nous avons reparti 24 rats Wistar males dans 4 groupes : les temoins n'ont rien recu, les rats atteints de diabete ont recu de la STZ (60 mg/kg par jour), les rats du groupe NPC ont recu des NPC a raison de 30 mg/kg par jour pendant 2 semaines et les rats du groupe STZ + NPC ont recu des NPC a raison de 30 mg/kg par jour sur 2 semaines apres l'injection de STZ. Nous avons evalue le stress oxydatif en mesurant les taux de capacite antioxydante totale (TAC) et d'etat antioxydant total (TOS). Nous avons mesure l'expression d'HO-1, de NQO1 et de GCLC a l'aide de la technique de PCR quantitatif en temps reel. A la suite de l'injection de STZ, nous avons observe de nettes diminutions et augmentations des taux de TAC et de TOS, respectivement. Les NPC permettaient d'attenuer les effets deleteres du diabete par l'intermediaire d'augmentations et de nettes diminutions des taux de TAC et de TOS, respectivement. Les taux d'expression d'HO-1, de NQO1 et de GCLC etaient moins eleves chez les rats atteints de diabete que chez les temoins. Chez les rats atteints de diabete, HO-1, NQO1 et GCLC etaient regules a la hausse avec l'administration de NPC. Nous avons observe des correlations entre les expressions de NQO1 et de GCLC, de NQO1 et d'HO-1, ainsi que d'HO-1 et de GCLC. De plus, l'expression de Nrf2 etait associee a l'expression de NQO1, de GCLC et d'HO-1. Chez les rats atteints diabete provoque par la STZ, la regulation a la hausse de Nrf2 par les NPC confere aux testicules une protection contre le stress oxydatif par la regulation a la hausse des genes cytoprotecteurs HO-1, GCLC et NQO1. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : nanoparticules de Ce[O.sub.2] (NPC), HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, diabete sucre, Nrf2, stress oxydatif., Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia that results from impaired insulin function and (or) secretion (American Diabetes Association 2014). DM [...]

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease is strongly correlated with learning and memory impairments. As exercise can enhance memory and learning, in this study, we have investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on memory impairment in amyloid β (Aβ)- treated rats focusing on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Methods: Wistar male rats received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ and exercised on a treadmill for one month. Memory function was assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) and avoidance learning tasks. The level of BDNF was examined by the ELISA test. Results: The results of MWM and avoidance learning tasks showed that treadmill exercise could improve Aβ- induced memory impairment significantly. Moreover, BDNF expression increased following exercise in the Aβ- treated rats. Conclusion: The present results suggested that treadmill exercise may improve memory in Alzheimer’s disease by increasing BDNF level in the hippocampus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic properties of transplanted MSCs. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effects of treadmill exercise and dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG)-preconditioned stem cells in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. Materials and Methods: DMOG-treated MSCs were intravenously transplanted in the AD model and the rats went on treadmill exercise for one month. Thusly, expression of bax, bcl-2, Nrf2, and NQO1 genes were assessed using real- time PCR. Results: Transplantation of DMOG-treated cells had greater effects on increasing Nrf-2 and NQ1 expression and reducing apoptosis compared to non-treated cells. Ultimately, treadmill exercises for one month along with the transplantation of DMOG- treated cells showed the highest neuroprotective effect. Conclusion: It seems that the transplantation of DMOG-treated cells beside exercise may have protective effects in the AD model via an increase in antioxidant capacity and a decrease in apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major chronic metabolic disorder that induces memory and learning impairment. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2) against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment and antioxidant capacity in the diabetic rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were assigned into the control, STZ, CeO2 and STZ plus CeO2 groups. Diabetes was induced using STZ and next CeNPs (60mg/kg) was administered for 14 constitutive days. The day after the last administration, spatial memory was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM). Ultimately, the level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was investigated. Results: Our results showed that STZ significantly decreased the spatial memory and CeO2 could compensate for these changes. Furthermore, TAC increased following administration of CeO2 in the diabetic rats. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that CeO2 seems to be able to improve STZ-induced neurotoxicity in the rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human oocyte maturation is a lengthy process that takes place over the course of which oocytes gain the inherent ability to support the next developmental stages in a progressive manner. This process includes intricate and distinct events related to nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. Nuclear maturation includes mostly chromosome segregation, whereas rearrangement of organelles, storage of mRNAs and transcription factors occur during cytoplasmic maturation.Human oocyte maturation, both in vivo and in vitro, occurs through a process that is not yet fully understood. However, it is believed that the second messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), plays a pivotal role in the upkeep of the meiotic blocking of the human oocyte. Relatively high levels of cAMP in the human oocyte are required to maintain meiosis blocked, whereas lower levels of cAMP in the oocyte enable meiosis to resume. Oocyte cAMP concentration is controlled by a balance between adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterases, the enzymes responsible for cAMP generation and breakdown.In addition to nuclear maturation, the female gamete requires a number of complicated structural and biochemical modifications in the cytoplasmic compartment to be able to fertilize normally. According to ultrastructural studies, during the transition from the germinal vesicle stage to metaphase II (MII), several organelles reorganize their positions. The cytoskeletal microfilaments and microtubules found in the cytoplasm facilitate these movements and regulate chromosomal segregation.The aim of this review is to focus on the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation by investigating the changes that take place in the process of oocytes being competent for development.