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Introduction: Success of endodontic treatment relies on minimizing microbial load by chemo-mechanical preparation and intracanal medication(ICM). Calcium hydroxide based ICMs have known disadvantages. Calcium silicate-based cements(CSC) exhibit antibacterial activity, thus promoting researchers to experiment with their formulations to use them as ICMs. Aim: Evaluation and comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of two experimental CSC (MTA & Biodentine + 2%chlorhexidine) and Bio-C Temp against E.faecalis. Methods and Material: Test materials were divided into four groups namely Group1-Bio-C Temp, Group2-UltraCAL XS, Group3-Biodentine+2%CHX and Group4-MTA+2%CHX. Direct contact test was done by placing a standardized suspension of E.faecalis on test materials and bacterial growth was assessed spectrophotometrically using ELISA at one, three and seven days. Statistical Analysis: Data was analysed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's multiple post hoc test and paired-t test. Results: Intragroup comparison revealed decreased mean optical density(OD) in groups 1, 2, and 4; no significant difference in group 3. Intergroup comparison showed statistical differences in mean OD values between groups (3 and 4); groups (1 and 2) at days one(p-0.018) and three(p-0.035), but no difference individually. Group 4 showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy on day seven. Conclusion: MTA+2%CHX & Biodentine+2%CHX showed better antimicrobial efficacy and hence could be used as potential ICMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sepsis leads to left and/or right ventricular systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction resulting in adverse outcomes. Myocardial dysfunction can be diagnosed by echocardiography (ECHO) and early intervention can be planned. There are lacunae in Indian literature regarding the true incidence of septic cardiomyopathy and its influence on the outcome of patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on patients consecutively admitted with sepsis to the ICU of a tertiary care hospital in North India. In these patients, ECHO was performed after 48-72 hours to establish left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, in whom the ICU outcome was analyzed. Result: The incidence of LV dysfunction was 14%. About 42.86% of patients had isolated systolic dysfunction, 7.14% of patients had isolated diastolic dysfunction, and 50.00% of patients had combined LV systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. The average days of mechanical ventilation in patients without LV dysfunction group (group I) was 2.41 ± 3.82 days as compared to 4.43 ± 4.27 days in patients with LV dysfunction (group II) (p = 0.034). Incidence of all-cause ICU mortality was 11 (12.79%) in group I and 3 (21.43%) in group II (p = 0.409). The mean duration of stay in ICU was 8.26 ± 4.41 days in group I as compared to 13.21 ± 6.83 days in group II. Conclusion: We concluded that sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) in ICU is quite prevalent and clinically significant. All-cause ICU mortality and length of ICU stay are prolonged in patients with SICM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Video Stylet (VS) is a new intubating modality that provides real-time video of endotracheal intubation (ETI). This device does not need alignment of the oral, pharyngeal and tracheal axes to view glottis and can be used in patients with limited mouth opening. The aim of this study was to compare flexible fibre-optic (FO) bronchoscope with VS in elective surgical patients in apparently normal airway patients requiring oral ETI. Methods: Sixty patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia of age group 20-60 years, weight 40-70 kg, American Society of Anesthesiologist 1 and 2 and modified Mallampatti I and II were included in the study. Patients in group FO (n = 30) were intubated by flexible FO bronchoscope, whereas patients in group VS (n = 30) were intubated by VS. Primary outcome measure was time taken for intubation (TTI). Secondary outcome measures were successful intubation, haemodynamic response and post-operative complications if any. Results: Average TTI in cases of FO group was 38.2 s (95% confidence interval [CI] 36-41) and in VS group was 19.7 s (95% CI 19-21; P = 0.0001). Three patients required a second attempt for successful intubation in FO group compared to eight in VS group (P = 0.2), with no failures in any group. Haemodynamic response and complications rate were greater in VS group; however, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: VS takes lesser time to intubate than flexible FO bronchoscope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of nisin in different carriers against Enterococcus faecalis . Materials and methods Test materials were divided into four groups of five samples each as follows: group 1 = nisin + 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); group 2 = nisin + 2% chitosan; group 3 = nisin + 2% chlorhexidine; group 4 = nisin + distilled water (control). The antimicrobial effectiveness was assessed using the direct contact method, where a standardized E. faecalis suspension was applied to the test materials. Optical density (OD) was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the end of days one and seven. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analysis. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results On day one, there was a significant difference in the mean OD values (p < 0.001) with group 3 showing the highest, followed by groups 1, 2, and 4. On day seven, all groups demonstrated antibacterial activity (group 1 > group 3 > group 4 > group 2) but the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.393). Intragroup analysis showed a decrease in the OD values from day one to day seven, the difference of which was not significant in all groups except group 1, which showed a significant difference (p = 0.035). Conclusion The antibacterial efficacy of nisin was synergistically enhanced with the addition of 17% EDTA and 2% chlorhexidine over seven days against E. faecalis ., Competing Interests: Human subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve human participants or tissue. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Patri et al.)