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Objective: Milk and milk products provide important nutrients and have been associated with numerous health benefits in addition to bone health, including a healthy weight and a reduction of risk for certain conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer. Nonetheless, consumption of milk and milk products has declined over the past two decades. A qualitative investigation of men's and women's outcome expectancies for, and facilitators and barriers to, consuming milk and milk products is an essential first step for the creation of theory-based messages for the consumption of milk and milk products. Design: Qualitative group interview study. Setting: Research was conducted at community centres in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. Method: We undertook eight in-depth qualitative group interviews. Separate groups were conducted for men (n = 20, M[subscript age] = 42 ± 6) and women (n = 20, M[subscript age] = 38 ± 7) and adequate (=2 servings/day) and under-consumers (<2 servings/day). The interview schedule, grounded in social cognitive theory, included questions probing participant's perceptions of milk and milk products and strategies for meeting dietary recommendations for milk product consumption. Data were analysed using hierarchical content analysis. Results: Perception of contamination of milk and milk products was one of the most common barriers. Consuming milk and milk products as part of a routine and making plans to consume milk and combining milk and milk products with other foods emerged as common strategies from ensuring adequate consumption. Within these themes, gender differences were apparent. Conclusion: Messages promoting milk and milk product consumption should target consumers' beliefs about the benefits of milk products and provide strategies for increasing their consumption.

Purpose: To report pilot test findings on whether in-task affect during a supervised exercise program, where participants were randomized to either moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT), predicts changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA-Total and MVPA10+ in bouts of ≥ 10 min) at 1- and 6-month post-intervention. Method: This experimental study design randomized 32 inactive adults with prediabetes to complete a 2-week supervised MICT or HIIT plus behavioral counseling exercise intervention and objectively assessed free-living physical activity post-intervention. The Feeling Scale (FS) was used to assess the in-task effect. FS was measured in the middle of four, 1-min intervals in the HIIT condition, corresponding to ~20%, ~50%, ~75%, and ~85% of work out time. For the MICT condition, FS was assessed at similar exercise duration percentage times as HIIT. Accelerometer data evaluated MVPA at 1- and 6-month post-intervention. Results: 32 adults were included in the analyses. Pilot findings indicated in-task affect between the conditions did not predict changes in MVPA-Total from baseline to 1 and 6 months. For MVPA10+, in-task affect negatively predicted MVPA10+ over time in the MICT condition only. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that affect during MICT negatively predicts MVPA10+ over time, and that there is no difference of in-task affect's utility in predicting MVPA-Total between HIIT and MICT. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavior change techniques (BCTs) are used to target theoretical mechanisms of action predicted to bring about behavior change. Reporting BCTs and connecting them to mechanisms of action is critical to understanding intervention processes of change. This article identifies the BCTs associated with an exercise intervention for individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes and determines the extent to which these BCTs target associated mechanisms of action. BCTs were mapped onto social cognitive theory (SCT) and the theoretical domains framework (TDF) using published literature identifying links between BCTs and SCT/TDF and expert consensus. Two coders then used the 93-item BCT taxonomy (BCTTv1) to independently code BCTs within the intervention. The BCTs used in the current intervention enabled identification of the theoretical mechanisms of action targeted in the intervention. More than 70% of the intervention content incorporated at least one BCT. More than 50% of the BCTs used targeted SCT constructs and more than 70% of BCTs used targeted at least one of the 14 TDF domains. Five BCTs did not map onto either SCT or TDF. This research provides a systematic method of linking BCTs to mechanisms of action. This process increases the transparency of intervention content and identification of the mechanisms of action targeted in the current intervention. Reporting interventions in this manner will enable the most potent mechanisms of actions associated with long-term behavior change to be identified and utilized in future work. Trial Registration : ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT02164474. Registered on June 12, 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical activity engagement following a cancer diagnosis is positively associated with survival, reduced risk of disease recurrence, and reduced cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. However, rates of physical activity engagement are low among individuals diagnosed with and being treated for breast cancer or prostate cancer., Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the systematic process of developing an e-cycling intervention aimed at increasing physical activity among individuals living with prostate cancer or breast cancer and outline the key components to be implemented., Methods: The Medical Research Council guidance for developing complex interventions and the Behaviour Change Wheel were used to guide intervention development. Information was gathered from the literature and through discussions with end users to understand factors influencing e-cycling. These factors were mapped onto the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify potential mechanisms of action. Behavior change techniques were selected from theory and evidence to develop intervention content. Interested parties, including cycling instructors, end users, and behavior change experts, reviewed and refined the intervention., Results: Anticipated barriers and facilitators to e-cycling engagement were mapped onto 11 of the 14 domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework. A total of 23 behavior change techniques were selected to target these domains over 4 one-to-one e-cycling sessions delivered by trained cycling instructors in the community. Cycling instructors were provided a 3-hour classroom training session on delivering the intervention and a 3-hour practical session with feedback. The outcome of this work is a theory and evidence-informed intervention aimed at promoting e-cycling behavior among individuals being treated for breast cancer or prostate cancer, which is currently being implemented and evaluated., Conclusions: Transparent intervention development and reporting of content is important for comprehensively examining intervention implementation. The implementation of this intervention package is currently being evaluated in a pilot randomized controlled trial. If the intervention is found to be effective and the content and delivery are acceptable, this intervention will form a basis for the development of e-cycling interventions in other survivors of cancer., Trial Registration: ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN39112034 https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN39112034; and IRSCTN Registry ISRCTN42852156; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN42852156., (©Jessica E Bourne, Paul Kelly, Miranda E G Armstrong. Originally published in JMIR Cancer (https://cancer.jmir.org), 16.08.2024.)