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O artigo aborda o Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior (SINAES) e o Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (ENADE), se propondo a analisá-los a partir do entendimento de docentes e gestores de Pedagogia de uma Instituição de Educação Superior (IES) de Campinas, São Paulo. Contempla discussões sobre as qualidades representadas com as avaliações externas e questões acerca da importância do diálogo no processo avaliativo. A pesquisa é qualitativa, com análise documental e questionário aberto. Ficou evidente a possibilidade de reinvenção do ENADE pelas IES, desde que haja diálogo entre todos os envolvidos sobre as finalidades do Exame com o intuito de problematizar ações acadêmicas na busca de uma avaliação formativa, visando a construção de um curso de qualidade pedagógica.

Society is facing increasingly rapid and frequent changes, which are transforming the decision making paradigm from a static, value-based perspective to a dynamic, scenario-based perspective. Flood...

Traditionally, flood models are based on physical and hydrodynamic processes, which require massive data. However, this information is not always easily accessible. As an alternative, the development and application of data-driven models, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, have grown. These have the advantage of requiring less parameterization than traditional models. However, some of those models demand long time series data for model training. We present comparison of traditional and AI approaches based on a bibliometric review. We used the Scopus database, selecting papers from 1990 to 2020, divided into two groups: physical models, with thekeywords: GIS-based model, Hydrodynamic model, HEC-RAS and PCSWMM, and AI models, with the keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, and Neural. To restrict the search, the following keywords were also inserted: Urban flood, Urban rainstorm flood, Flood mapping, Inundation mapping, Flood hazard, Flood, Pluvial, and Fluvial. Table 1 shows the results for each search string. The main metrics evaluated were the number of papers per year (Figure 1) and co-citation networks (Figure 2). For physical models, the main keyword found was “HEC-RAS”, with twice as many occurrences compared to the second most found “Hydrodynamic model”, demonstrating its wide application. The United States has the highest production of papers, followed by China and the United Kingdom. However, the United Kingdom has a more central role when evaluating the co-citation network. P. D. Bates (Bristol University, UK) stands out regarding the authors with the highest citation. For the AI models, the results for the keyword "Machine Learning" and the keywords "Artificial Neural Network" and "Neural Network" together have an equal count. China and the United States also presented the highest production. However, in the co-citation network, Iran has greater centrality and citations. The main authors include B. Pradhan (University of Sydney, Australia) and K. Khosravi (Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Iran). In Figure 3, we present word clouds for each category. This review identifies the most relevant methods in flood modeling, which will be used to select solutions for comparative case studies in megacities.

In Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) options have accelerated “education for preparedness” initiatives for 100 million people living at >90,000 water-risk prone areas. Before and during COVID pandemic, innovative T-shaped (“breadth-and-depth”) labs of open science have promoted education towards the Agenda 2030. Here we depict actions delivered by the Water-Adaptive Design & Innovation lab (@TheWADILab) to provide citizen science with inclusiveness (CC+), as a learning accelerator of human-water coevolution under change (i.e. ‘Panta Rhei Open Science for Future Earth’, PROSFE). We summarize CC+PROSFE examples of practical learning with a blend of options at the DRR Center for Education and Research on Disasters (CEPED, www.ceped.eesc.usp.br) through: open access to data and tools, new mechanisms, hybrid curation platforms, competency-skill curricula, and blended education. First, examples have been applied during >1,200 hours of lectures of hydrology to >600 students, ranging from “puzzling 3D transboundary aquifer” for undergraduate students (Fig 1) to competency learning (skills, fundamentals, attitudes) of blended education for professionals (Fig 2). Second, CC+PROSFE aims to: (1) mobilize international cooperation to improve knowledge and innovation to address water security challenges at “Panta Rhei Schools", i.e. welcoming visiting scientists to the School of Advanced Studies in Water & Society Under Change (SASW≻ http://www1.eesc.usp.br/ppgshs/internacionalizacao), (2) strengthen science-policy interface to reach water security at local-to-global levels through the new UNESCO Chair in Urban Waters and the new WMO-Americas Regional Climate Centre hosted by Prohimet (https://www.prohimet.org/), (3) pave new pathways for water security knowledge to empower and activate citizenry at the local level using the Socio-Hydrological Observatory for Water Security (SHOWS), cycles of #OneDropOfScience #OneDoseOfResilience and Academia-Community’s Waters for Our World! Project (https://prg.usp.br/academia-comunidade-wow-waters-for-our-world/), and (4) develop institutional and human capacities for water security, sustainability and inspiration through water literacy and communication in the joint initiative of UNESCO-IHP-LAC & Pechakucha (https://www.pechakucha.com/events/agua-todavia-unesco-x-pechakucha).

Cities must develop actions that reduce flood risk in the face of extreme rainfall events. In this study, the dynamic resilience of the Gregorio catchment (São Carlos, Brazil) was assessed. The catchment lacks environmental monitoring and suffers from recurrent floods. The resilience curves were made considering the water depth in the drainage system as the performance index, obtained by simulations with SWMM and HEC-RAS. The calibration of the flood extension was performed using citizen science data. The contribution to increasing the dynamic resilience by implementing decentralized low impact development (LID) practices was also evaluated. For this purpose, bioretention cells were added to the SWMM simulations. The resilience curves were then calculated for the current and future climate scenario, with and without LID, for return periods of 5, 10, 50, and 100 years and duration of 30, 60, and 120 min. Intensity–duration–frequency curves (IDFs) updated by the regional climate model MIROC5 for 2050 and 2100 were used. The results showed a significant improvement in the system’s resilience for light storms and the current period due to LID practice interventions. Efficiencies were reduced for moderate and heavy storms with no significant drops in floodwater depth and resilience regardless of the scenario.

Today, society is in a state of frequent change, and this is not different in the disaster risk management field. Responses to social disasters, which were previously treated isolated, are increasingly demanding planning and decision in face of great complexity. In the case of flood events, climate projections combined with urbanization trends show an increase in their intensity. Social aspects, such as the social memory of past events, can play an important role in reducing flood damage through the voluntary displacement of people outside risk areas or the resilience improvement. Such factors demonstrate that the risk analysis must be carried out dynamically, considering that the human-water system co-evolves, to reduce flood risk. The first hypothesis in this study is explored in the second chapter and is that the flood risk can be reduced by keeping the memory of past events alive for longer periods in flood-prone areas. The second hypothesis, explored in the third chapter, is that climate change scenarios and social aspects can be incorporated in long-term risk analysis, improving the risk reduction measures planning. Thus, this study conceptually developed a Socio-Hydrological Observatory for Water Security (SHOWS) that aggregates climatic, social, and hydrological information for flood risk analysis. To this end, a socio-hydrological model was applied using historical data and climate projections for the years between 1940 and 2099 to estimate flood risk in a Brazilian catchment. These results served as a basis for identifying strategies to reduce risk through social and environmental measures and for the elaboration of the observatory model. Atualmente, a sociedade se encontra num estado de frequente mudança e isso não é diferente no campo de gestão de risco de desastres. Respostas a desastres sociais, que antes eram tratadas de maneira isolada, exigem cada vez mais planejamento e tomada de decisão diante da grande complexidade. No caso de eventos de inundação, as projeções climáticas combinadas com as tendências de urbanização, mostram um aumento em sua intensidade. Aspectos sociais, como a memória social de eventos passados, podem desempenhar um papel importante na redução dos danos gerados por inundações através do deslocamento voluntário de pessoas para fora de áreas de risco ou de um aumento na resiliência. Tais fatores demonstram que a análise de risco deve ser executada de maneira dinâmica, considerando que sistema sociedade-água evolui de maneira integrada, para reduzir o risco de inundações. A primeira hipótese desse estudo é explorada no segundo capítulo e é de que o risco de inundações pode ser reduzido através da manutenção da memória de eventos passados viva por mais tempo em áreas suscetíveis a inundação. A segunda hipótese, explorada no terceiro capítulo, é de que cenários de mudanças climáticas e aspectos sociais podem ser incorporados na análise de risco a longo prazo, aprimorando o planejamento de medidas de redução de risco. Com isso, esse estudo desenvolveu conceitualmente um Observatório Socio-Hidrológico para Segurança Hídrica (SHOWS) que agrega informações climáticas, sociais e hidrológicas para análise de risco de inundações. Para tanto, foi aplicado um modelo socio-hidrológico utilizando dados históricos e projeções climáticas para os anos entre 1940 e 2099 para estimar o risco de inundações em uma bacia hidrográfica brasileira. Esses resultados serviram como base para identificação de estratégias para redução de risco através de medidas ambientais e sociais e para a elaboração do modelo de observatório.

The city of Sao Carlos, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, has a historical coexistence between society and floods. Unplanned urbanization in this area is a representative feature of how Brazilian cities ...

The increase in global air temperatures as well as variability in rainfall shifts due to climate change has been affecting the dynamics of water level fluctuations and thermal regimes in lakes and reservoirs. It is expected that at the end of this decade, such impacts will be even more noticeable and may harm the inland waters use. However, little is known about the possible consequences of climate change in multipurpose subtropical reservoirs. Using data generated by a regionalized climate model (RCM) as input to a simple hydrological model and a one-dimensional vertical hydrodynamic model, we forecast potential changes in the Itupararanga reservoir, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in an exemplary time period (2028–2030) in the next decade. Two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios were considered: an optimistic one corresponding to a CO2 increase of about 650 ppm (RCP 4.5) and a pessimistic scenario where CO2 exceeds 1000 ppm in 2100 (RCP 8.5). We found a significant reduction in the reservoir water level for both scenarios of 35% compared to current conditions. The surface water temperature is expected to increase (+0.6 °C); on the other hand, there would be a cooling of the hypolimnion (RCP 4.5 =-0.3 °C; RCP 8.5 = −1.2 °C). Another consequence is an increase of the duration of stratification periods that would start earlier in the dry period (between July and August), as well as the intensification of the stability of the water column (+43% compared to current conditions) and a deepening of the thermocline. The hydrodynamic modeling results suggest that the water level drop may threaten the reservoir multiple uses, in particular drinking water supply and power generation. Furthermore, the heating of surface water layers and increase of the number of stratified days and thermal stability can have negative impacts on water quality.

e24118 Background: The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommends that patients with advanced cancer receive dedicated palliative care services concurrently with active treatment within 8 weeks of diagnosis and maintaining follow up for at least 12 weeks. The adherence to these standards in Brazil is unknown. Objective: To evaluate adherence to ASCO recommendations of early referral to a palliative care team at a multicentric outpatient oncological clinic in Brazil using the following indicators: (i) whether patients were enrolled in palliative care services within 8 weeks of diagnosis and (ii) whether patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 weeks. Methods: All palliative care physicians within a network of 15 outpatient oncology clinics (Oncoclinicas Group) prospectively recorded time to care post-diagnosis with advanced cancer by ASCO guidelines and duration of follow up time throughout the 1-year duration of the study. The number of patients enrolled in care within 8 weeks of diagnosis and followed for at least 12 weeks was recorded. An initial goal of adherence was set at 50% for each indicator. Results: Of 1016 patients, we studied 579 data numbers. 26% of patients were referred within 8 weeks of their advanced cancer diagnosis and 23% were followed for 12 weeks or more. Conclusions: These data indicate that even with a recognition of ASCO recommendations for timely palliative care referral, patients in Brazil are often seeing palliative care teams too late. The possible main causes of this late referral in Brazil are: (i) lack of adequate knowledge about the real meaning of palliative care and (ii) a lack of understanding of how a multidisciplinary team acts positively in the patient's experience. We believe that the best way to change this reality is through continuing education about Palliative Care, reinforcing the intention of continuous care: strengthening bonds, facilitating communication, reaching better symptoms control and practicing patient-centered care.

This work is aimed at analyzing the perspectives of the death and dying as expressed by relatives when searching for the simbology to be present in the grave. The research has a qualitative photoethnographic approach. The bibliography allowed for the basis to collect the narratives from the families of people deceased and buried in Umuarama (PR) City Cemetery. The choice of this burial place considered the variety of the graves and the previous contact with relatives. Este trabalho analisa a perspectiva da morte e do morrer na visão de familiares ao escolher a simbologia presente no túmulo. A pesquisa é de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo fotoetnográfica. A bibliografia propiciou a fundamentação para coletar as narrativas das famílias de pessoas falecidas e sepultadas no Cemitério Municipal de Umuarama (PR). A escolha do cemitério considerou a variedade de túmulos e o pré-contato com alguns familiares das pessoas sepultadas.

Projecto / JEL Classification System: M10, M13 O presente projecto consiste num Plano de Negócios para Glampdream, uma empresa que pretende oferecer um tipo de alojamento inovador denominado glamping. Este tipo de alojamento é prestado em tendas que recriam um quarto de luxo, incluindo serviços e actividades diversas ao dispor do hóspede. Em consonância com as tendências de crescimento no turismo, essencialmente na procura de práticas de turismo menos convencionais, pretende-se com a avaliação económica e financeira do projecto, calcular a viabilidade do mesmo. A revisão da literatura efectua-se no âmbito do enquadramento do turismo, ao nível da procura, oferta e constrangimentos que se impõem à temática. As tendências globais, na Europa e em Portugal são analisadas de modo a que a projecção se baseie em tendências reais, tendo em conta a evolução das tendências do consumidor. A análise de mercado tem como objectivo um cálculo aproximado à facturação real proveniente das três linhas de proveitos do projecto que são o alojamento, as actividades e o merchandising. Define-se posteriormente um conjunto de políticas de implementação do negócio que estruturam a estratégia do mesmo, nomeadamente ao nível da definição do preço, distribuição, comunicação e estrutura organizacional. Por fim, com base em estimativas de custos, uma facturação baseada na procura e um conjunto de pressupostos, fundamenta-se a viabilidade económica do projecto, atingindo-se o break-even-point no 4º ano de actividade. Criam-se cenários de sensibilidade, nos quais se alteram as variáveis procura e preço concluindo que a viabilidade do projecto se mantém bastante atractiva. The present project consists on a Business Plan for Glampdream, a new concept of accommodation named glamping. This type of accommodation is provided by luxury tends, similar to luxury hotel rooms. This type of accommodation also includes activities available to customers. Considering the growing trends verified in the hotel industry, especially in those considered alternative types of tourism, the purpose of the present financial and economical analysis is to understand the viability of Glampdream. The revision of the most relevant literature is made in the areas of Tourism, Tourism Demand and the Tourism restrictions. The global trends, the Europe trends and the Portuguese trends are also analyzed in order to approach the analysis to the reality, taking in consideration the customer’s behavior. The market research aim to calculate the total amount of revenue. The total amount of revenue include the accommodation revenue, the activities revenue and the merchandising revenue. After that, the policies for implementation that support the business are defined. The policies include price, place and promotion strategies. Considering all the assumptions for the financial and economical analysis, we can conclude that the project has an attractive viability, achieving the break-even-point four years after beginning the activity. After change variables as Demand and Price, the viability of Glampdream is still very attractive.

This work is aimed at analyzing the perspectives of the death and dying as expressed by relatives when searching for the simbology to be present in the grave. The research has a qualitative photoethnographic approach. The bibliography allowed for the basis to collect the narratives from the families of people deceased and buried in Umuarama (PR) City Cemetery. The choice of this burial place considered the variety of the graves and the previous contact with relatives.