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Gravity field is the most basic physical field generated by the material properties of the Earth system. It reflects the spatial distribution, movement and change of materials determined by the interaction and dynamic process inside the Earth. Over the years, a variety of technical means have been used to detect the Earth’s gravity field and supported numerous studies on the global change, resource detection, geological structure movement, water resources change and other related fields of research. Here is part of the progress in surface and marine gravimetry obtained by Chinese geodesy scientists from 2019 to 2023 from the following aspects, including: ① Continuous gravity network in Chinese mainland; ② Application of superconducting gravity measurement; ③ Network adjustment for continental-scale gravity survey campaign and data quality control; ④ Regional time-variable gravity field and its application; ⑤ Research progress on novel technologies for gravity inversion; ⑥ Research progress on marine gravity field determination; ⑦ Application research on marine gravity field.

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global public health problem with increasing incidence and mortality. Fatigue is a common complaint of COPD patients, which seriously impairs the quality of life. Objective To conduct a scoping review of current research status and tools about fatigue as well as fatigue-related factors in COPD, providing ideas for the development of relevant individualized intervention schemes. Methods Methodological framework was used. Studies on fatigue in COPD were searched from databases of Web of Science, PubMed, EmBase, CINAHL, ProQuest, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, CQVIP, and SinoMed from inception to July 2022, and enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant data were extracted, collected, summarized and reported. Results A total of 52 studies were included. Taken overall, a wide variety of assessment tools for fatigue in COPD featured by lack of multidimensionality and specificity were used, among which common were the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy and the Fatigue Severity Scale. There were certain disparities in the incidence, duration, and severity of fatigue in COPD across studies. The main influencing factors of fatigue include sociodemographic factors, COPD-related factors, somatic factors, and psychological factors. Conclusion As fatigue is a major symptom that seriously declines the quality of life in COPD patients, clinical care providers need to use specific tools to accurately assess fatigue, and to develop individualized interventions to improve fatigue according to its influencing factors.

This experimental study investigates the damage effects of nanosecond pulse laser irradiation on silicon solar cells. It encompasses the analysis of transient pulse signal waveform characteristics at the cells' output and changes in electrical parameters, such as I–V curves before and after laser irradiation under varying laser fluence and background light intensities, and explores the underlying action mechanisms of laser irradiation. The study reveals that as the laser fluence increases up to 4.0 J/cm2, the peak value of the transient pulse signal increases by 47.5%, while the pulse width augments by 88.2% compared to the initial transient pulse signal. Furthermore, certain parameters, such as open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and peak power obtained, from the measured I–V curve indicate a threshold laser fluence for functional degradation of the solar cell at approximately 1.18 ± 0.42 J/cm2. Results obtained from laser irradiation under different background light intensities underscore the significant influence of background light on laser irradiation of silicon cells, with the most severe damage occurring in the absence of light. Moreover, findings from laser irradiation at multiple locations on the silicon cell demonstrate a linear decrease in the output voltage of the silicon cell with an increase in the number of irradiation points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging pathogenic tick‐borne viruses (TBVs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their significant impact on human and animal health. A novel orthonairovirus named Dadong virus (DDV) was isolated from Haemaphysalis concinna ticks in the Changbai Mountain region on the China–North Korea border. DDV can induce cytopathic effects in mammalian and human cell lines. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it belongs to the genus Orthonairovirus, family Nairoviridae, exhibiting 72.4%–81.3% nucleic acid identity to Tofla orthonairovirus, known to cause lethal infection in IFNAR KO mice. The first serological evidence of DDV circulating in cattle and mice was also obtained, with 4.0% (1/25) of cattle and 2.27% (1/44) of mice seropositive for DDV. Further investigations, including serological surveys using human samples, are required to assess the public health risk posed by DDV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]