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There is a scarcity of transcriptome sequencing data available for the Leptopetalum biflorum, and numerous cyclotides remain undiscovered. It is urgent to establish a workflow based on de novotranscriptome assembly and make systematic prediction of cyclotides in Leptopetalum biflorum, to provide a reference for functional analysis of cyclotides.

As the technology node scales toward 1 nm, the emerging metal materials are being explored as the potential replacements for Cu interconnects. To better understand the electromigration (EM) of different metals used in actual interconnection layers, in this work, we investigate the EM reliability of buried power rail (BPR) with alternative metal materials, including W, Ru, Co, and Mo. The kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation is used to describe the microcosmic migration paths of metal atoms and the void morphology under EM stress. The time-to-failure (TTF) of BPR and middle-of-line (MOL) consisting of different metals are comprehensively discussed by considering the conductive mechanism, thermal effects, stress gradients, and current flows. The optimal metallic selection guidance is further provided to improve the EM lifetime of BPR, which helps accelerate the development of advanced integration technology beyond 3 nm.

Thermal challenges are increasingly significant for advanced technology, and the operating environment with large temperature variation also acts as one of the crucial threats to the system’s performance and reliability. To improve the temperature immunity of digital circuits, in this work, the supply voltage (VDD) making the delay immune to temperature variation is identified, which differs from the zero-temperature-coefficient (ZTC) point used in analog applications and is defined as the zero-temperature-delay (ZTD) point. The dependencies and optimal selection of ZTD point in digital circuits are studied by simulation. The influence factors including standard cell types and circuit operations have been investigated accordingly. Moreover, the exploration of ZTD point with different delay metrics is discussed, which is the basis of the selection of ZTD point at standard cell level. The ZTD point changes due to the five PVT corners and the selection of the ZTD point under these PVT corners are studied. Taking three kinds of delay chains and benchmark circuits as an example, the ZTD point in the critical path of the circuit is further investigated. The simulation results confirm that utilizing the ZTD voltage during the design of digital circuits can provide a better temperature-resistant solution, which makes sense for temperature immunity digital applications.

Salmonellaand their biofilm formation are the primary bacterial causes of foodborne outbreaks and cross-contamination. The objective of the study was to investigate the potential of Salmonellaphages as an alternative technology for biofilm removal. In this work, 21 Salmonellaphages were isolated from a chicken farm and slaughter plant and the phage (CW1) with the broadest spectrum was characterized. Complete genome sequence analysis revealed that the genomes of phage CW1 is composed of 41763 bp with 58 open reading frames (ORFs) and a holin-endolysin system and it does not encode any virulence or lysogeny. A phage cocktail consisted of CW1 (with the broadest spectrum of 70.49 %) and CW11, M4 and M10 (with a high lytic activity of more than 67.11 %) was established. Treatment with the cocktail reduced the cells in the developing biofilm and mature biofilm by 0.79 lg(CFU/cm2) and 0.4 lg(CFU/cm2), respectively. More dead cells and scattered extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Raman analysis found that carbohydrates and proteins were the identification receptors for scattered EPS. This finding suggests that this phage cocktail has potential applications for the sterilization of Salmonellabiofilm during meat processing.