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Susan Lynn Williams (1951–2018) was an exceptional marine ecologist whose research focused broadly on the ecology of benthic nearshore environments dominated by seagrasses, seaweeds, and coral reefs. She took an empirical approach founded in techniques of physiological ecology. Susan was committed to applying her research results to ocean management through outreach to decision-makers and resource managers. Susan’s career included research throughout the USA in tropical, temperate, and polar regions, but she specialized in tropical marine ecology. Susan’s scholarship, leadership, and friendship touched many people, leading to this multi-authored paper. Susan’s scholarship was multi-faceted, and she excelled in scientific discovery, integration of scientific results, application of science for conservation, and teaching, especially as a mentor to undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral scholars. Susan served in a variety of leadership positions throughout her career. She embodied all facets of leadership; leading by example, listening to others, committing to the “long haul,” maintaining trust, and creating a platform for all to shine. Susan was an important role model for women in science. Susan was also a loyal friend, maintaining friendships for many decades. Susan loved cooking and entertaining with friends. This paper provides an overview of the accomplishments of Susan in the broad categories of scholarship, leadership, and friendship.

Unprecedented rates of introduction and spread of non-native species pose burgeoning challenges to biodiversity, natural resource management, regional economies, and human health. Current biosecurity efforts are failing to keep pace with globalization, revealing critical gaps in our understanding and response to invasions. Here, we identify four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid global environmental change. First, invasion science should strive to develop a more comprehensive framework for predicting how the behavior, abundance, and interspecific interactions of non-native species vary in relation to conditions in receiving environments and how these factors govern the ecological impacts of invasion. A second priority is to understand the potential synergistic effects of multiple co-occurring stressors-particularly involving climate change--on the establishment and impact of non-native species. Climate adaptation and mitigation strategies will need to consider the possible consequences of promoting non-native species, and appropriate management responses to non-native species will need to be developed. The third priority is to address the taxonomic impediment. The ability to detect and evaluate invasion risks is compromised by a growing deficit in taxonomic expertise, which cannot be adequately compensated by new molecular technologies alone. Management of biosecurity risks will become increasingly challenging unless academia, industry, and governments train and employ new personnel in taxonomy and systematics. Fourth, we recommend that internationally cooperative biosecurity strategies consider the bridgehead effects of global dispersal networks, in which organisms tend to invade new regions from locations where they have already established. Cooperation among countries to eradicate or control species established in bridgehead regions should yield greater benefit than independent attempts by individual countries to exclude these species from arriving and establishing. Key words: biosecurity, climate change, ecological impact, invasive species, management, risk assessment. Les taux sans precedent d'introduction et de propagation d'especes non indigenes posent des defis croissants a la biodiversite, a la gestion des ressources naturelles, aux economies regionales et a la sante humaine. Les efforts actuels en matiere de biosecurite ne parviennent pas a suivre le rythme de la mondialisation, revelant des lacunes critiques dans notre comprehension et notre reponse face aux invasions. Les auteurs identifient ici quatre domaines prioritaires permettant de faire progresser la science des invasions face aux changements environnementaux mondiaux rapides. Premierement, la science des invasions devrait s'efforcer de developper un cadre plus complet pour predire comment le comportement, l'abondance et les interactions interspecifiques des especes non indigenes varient en fonction des conditions des environnements recepteurs et comment ces facteurs regissent les impacts ecologiques des invasions. Une deuxieme priorite consiste a comprendre les effets synergiques potentiels de multiples facteurs de stress concomitants--notamment les changements climatiques--sur l'etablissement et l'impact des especes non indigenes. Les strategies d'adaptation au climat et d'attenuation devront tenir compte des consequences possibles de la promotion des especes non indigenes, et des reponses de gestion appropriees aux especes non indigenes devront etre elaborees. La troisieme priorite est de s'attaquer a l'obstacle taxonomique. La capacite a detecter et a evaluer les risques d'invasion est compromise par un deficit croissant de competences taxonomiques, qui ne peut etre compense de maniere adequate par les nouvelles technologies moleculaires seules. La gestion des risques de biosecurite deviendra de plus en plus difficile a moins que les universites, l'industrie et les gouvernements forment et emploient du nouveau personnel dans les domaines de la taxonomie et de la systematique. Quatriemement, nous recommandons que les strategies de cooperation internationale en matiere de biosecurite tiennent compte des effets de tete de pont des reseaux de dispersion mondiaux, dans lesquels des organismes ont tendance a envahir de nouvelles regions a partir d'endroits ou ils sont deja etablis. La cooperation entre les pays pour eradiquer ou controler les especes etablies dans les regions de tete de pont devrait donner de meilleurs resultats que les tentatives independantes de chaque pays pour empecher ces especes d'arriver et de s'etablir. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: biosecurite, changements climatiques, impact ecologique, especes envahissantes, gestion, evaluation des risques., 1. Introduction Invasion science--the systematic investigation of the causes and consequences of biological invasions--is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field. Its explosive growth over the past few decades mirrors societal concern [...]

Aim: Human activities have introduced numerous non‐native species (NNS) worldwide. Understanding and predicting large‐scale NNS establishment patterns remain fundamental scientific challenges. Here, we evaluate if NNS composition represents a proportional subset of the total species pool available to invade (i.e. total global biodiversity), or, conversely, certain taxa are disproportionately pre‐disposed to establish in non‐native areas. Location: Global. Time period: Present day. Major taxa studied: Global diversity. Methods: We compiled one of the most comprehensive global databases of NNS (36,822 established species) to determine if NNS diversity is a representative proportional subset of global biodiversity. Results: Our study revealed that, while NNS diversity mirrors global biodiversity to a certain extent, due to significant deviance from the null model it is not always a representative proportional subset of global biodiversity. The strength of global biodiversity as a predictor depended on the taxonomic scale, with successive lower taxonomic levels less predictive than the one above it. Consequently, on average, 58%, 42% and 28% of variability in NNS numbers were explained by global biodiversity for phylum, class and family respectively. Moreover, global biodiversity was a similarly strong explanatory variable for NNS diversity among regions, but not habitats (i.e. terrestrial, freshwater and marine), where it better predicted NNS diversity for terrestrial than for freshwater and marine habitats. Freshwater and marine habitats were also greatly understudied relative to invasions in the terrestrial habitats. Over‐represented NNS relative to global biodiversity tended to be those intentionally introduced and/or 'hitchhikers' associated with deliberate introductions. Finally, randomness is likely an important factor in the establishment success of NNS. Main conclusions: Besides global biodiversity, other important explanatory variables for large‐scale patterns of NNS diversity likely include propagule and colonization pressures, environmental similarity between native and non‐native regions, biased selection of intentionally introduced species and disparate research efforts of habitats and taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this application, under Articles 23.9.3 and 81.1 of the Code, is to conserve the current usage of the specific name of the northeast Pacific Ocean marine mussel Mytilus californianusConrad, 1837, the identity of which has never been questioned. After examining the type specimens of Mytilus zonariusLamarck, 1819 and Mytilus canalisLamarck, 1819, Huber (2010) concluded that they were M. californianus and used the former as its valid name. Neither Mytilus zonarius nor M. canalis have been used as the valid name of Mytilus californianus between 1819 and 2010. The name Mytilus californianus has been used as the valid name of this species in thousands of publications between 1837 and 2020. It is proposed to conserve the name Mytilus californianusConrad, 1837 by reversal of precedence with the names Mytilus zonariusLamarck, 1819 and Mytilus canalisLamarck, 1819. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]