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Pallister Killian Syndrome (PKS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mosaic tetrasomy of the short arm of chromosome 12. The syndrome is characterised by typical craniofacial dysmorphism, congenital anomalies and intellectual disability. Epilepsy is a known complication, with onset usually occurring in early childhood and characterised most commonly by spasms and myoclonic seizures. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no cases describing the early neonatal EEG in PKS and electrographic seizures, to date. Here, we report two cases of PKS presenting in the neonatal period with distinctive EEG features and seizures.

Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency (ISOD) is a rare autosomal recessive neuro-metabolic disorder caused by a mutation in the sulfite oxidase (SUOX) gene situated on chromosome 12. Due to the deficiency of this mitochondrial enzyme (sulfite oxidase), the oxidative degradation of toxic sulfites is disrupted. The most common form of this disease has an early onset (classical ISOD) in the neonatal period, with hypotonia, poor feeding and intractable seizures, mimicking hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. The evolution is rapidly progressive to severe developmental delay, microcephaly and early death. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment and the prognosis is very poor. In this article, we described the evolution of early continuous electroencephalography (EEG) in a case of ISOD with neonatal onset, as severely encephalopathic background, with refractory seizures and distinct delta-beta complexes. The presence of the delta-beta complexes might be a diagnostic marker in ISOD. We also performed a literature review of published cases of neonatal ISOD that included EEG monitoring.

OBJECTIVES: Training is regarded as an important component of occupational health and safety (OHS) programs. This paper primarily addresses whether OHS training has a beneficial effect on workers. The paper also examines whether higher engagement OHS training has a greater effect than lower engagement training. METHODS: Ten bibliographic databases were searched for pre-post randomized trial studies published in journals between 1996 and November 2007. Training interventions were included if they were delivered to workers and were concerned with primary prevention of occupational illness or injury. The methodological quality of each relevant study was assessed and data was extracted. The impacts of OHS training in each study were summarized by calculating the standardized mean differences. The strength of the evidence on training’s effectiveness was assessed for (i) knowledge, (ii) attitudes and beliefs, (iIi) behaviors, and (iv) health using the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Guide to Community Preventive Services, a qualitative evidence synthesis method. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies met the relevance criteria of the review. They involved a variety of study populations, occupational hazards, and types of training. Strong evidence was found for the effectiveness of training on worker OHS behaviors, but insufficient evidence was found of its effectiveness on health (ie, symptoms, injuries, illnesses). CONCLUSIONS: The review team recommends that workplaces continue to deliver OHS training to employees because training positively affects worker practices. However, large impacts of training on health cannot be expected, based on research evidence.