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Yue Yang,1,2 Huihui Bao,1 Qianqian Chai,3 Zhiwen Wang,2 Zhenning Sun,2 Changhui Fu,3 Zhaoping Liu,1 Zhongjie Liu,2 Xianwei Meng,3 Tianlong Liu21China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China; 3Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of ChinaBackground: As a promising nanomaterial for biomedical applications, zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2) have aroused concern recently, but the toxicity of ZrO2 in vivo has received little attention.Purpose: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the systematic single dose toxicity, biodistribution and oxidative damage of ZrO2 in vivo after intravenous injection in mice.Materials and methods: Ten ICR mice were used at the high dose of ZrO2 including 600, 500, 400 and 300mg/kg. Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 150 nm ZrO2 was determined as 500mg/kg. Hematology analysis and blood biochemical assay were determined for the evaluation of oxidative damage caused by ZrO2. Biodistribution of ZrO2 was investigated by ICP-OES and TEM.Results: Mice treated with higher dose (500mg/kg) showed significant spread in white blood cell counts (p

[Purposes] The intrinsic magnetic moments of magnetic materials can lead to anomalous Hall effects, and the Hall resistance can be significantly reduced, thus improving the heat loss in micro- and nanoelectronic devices. Two-dimensional van der Waals magnetic materials have shown fascinating natural ferromagnetic properties at the atomic level, which has great potential in the fields of low power spintronics, quantum computing, and optical communication. [Methods] Herein, the ferromagnetism and magnetic anisotropy of bulk Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) were investigated. In addition, the anomalous Hall effect of FGT nanoflakes was studied at various temperatures and thicknesses by standard Hall bar device in detail. [Findings] The results indicate that a pronounced vertical magnetic anisotropy exists below the Curie temperature (Tc=165 K) of FGT. There is an anomalous Hall resistance of 0.764 Ω at 20 K at zero magnetic field, and it decreases to 0.332 Ω at 140 K, which proves that FGT has an anomalous Hall effect regulated with temperature. The hysteresis loop gradually changes from nearly rectangular shape to flat diamond shape, indicating that the magnetization direction of FGT has changed from out-of-plane to in-plane, which further verifies that FGT has intrinsic out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy. Furthermore, the carrier concentration (2.5×1022 cm-3 at 20 K) and mobility (13.3 cm2/(V·s) at 20 K) under large magnetic field (−6 T~6 T) are calculated.

Objective To analyze stereo ⁃electroencephalography (SEEG) data from patients with drug⁃resistant epilepsy (DRE) and explore the differences in graph theory indices of brain network between the epileptogenic zone (EZ) and the non⁃ictal zone (NIZ). Methods Reviewed data from 11 patients who underwent SEEG implantation at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2022 to December 2023. Based on the SEEG and structural imaging data, we calculated the epileptogenicity index and constructed epileptogenic map to differentiate the EZ from the NIZ. We then used Granger causality analysis to calculate functional adjacency matrices for both regions during interictal and epileptic periods, combining graph theory indices such as global efficiencies (Eglob), local efficiencies (Eloc), clustering coefficients (Cp), characteristic path length (Lp), normalized clustering coefficients (γ), normalized characteristic path length (λ), and small⁃world parameter (σ). We analyzed changes in the graph theory indices of patients in interictal and epileptic periods. Results Compared with the interictal period, both γ (t = ⁃ 3.730, P = 0.005) and λ (t = ⁃ 6.436, P = 0.001) decreased in the NIZ during the epileptic period, while the differences of γ and λ in the EZ during the epileptic period were not statistically significant (P > 0.05, for all). In terms of network efficiency, compared with the interictal period, Eglob (t = 5.360, P = 0.002; t = 5.577, P = 0.001) and Eloc (t = 4.450, P = 0.003; t = 4.038, P = 0.005) in both the EZ and NIZ increased during the epileptic period, while Lp decreased (t = ⁃ 5.127, P = 0.002; t = ⁃ 3.912, P = 0.005). Conclusions During the epileptic period, both the EZ and NIZ exhibit increased synchronization across the whole brain network. Changes in graph theory indices, particularly the γ and λ may serve as the potential biomarkers for distinguishing the EZ and NIZ in epilepsy patients.

Abstract Inspired by the concept of “natural camouflage,” biomimetic drug delivery systems have emerged to address the limitations of traditional synthetic nanocarriers, such as poor targeting, susceptibility to identification and clearance, inadequate biocompatibility, low permeability, and systemic toxicity. Biomimetic nanocarriers retain the proteins, nucleic acids, and other components of the parent cells. They not only facilitate drug delivery but also serve as communication media to inhibit tumor cells. This paper delves into the communication mechanisms between various cell-derived biomimetic nanocarriers, tumor cells, and the tumor microenvironment, as well as their applications in drug delivery. In addition, the additional communication capabilities conferred on the modified biomimetic nanocarriers, such as targeting and environmental responsiveness, are outlined. Finally, we propose future development directions for biomimetic nanocarriers, hoping to inspire researchers in their design efforts and ultimately achieve clinical translation. Graphical Abstract

IntroductionPulmonary fibrosis (PF) encompasses a spectrum of lung conditions characterized by the abnormal accumulation of scar tissue in the lungs, leading to impaired respiratory function. Various conditions can result in severe PF, among which viral infections have emerged as significant triggers. In addition to viral infections, exposure to toxic substances such as paraquat represents another significant risk factor for PF. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the dissimilarities and similarities between PF triggered by viral infections and chemical toxicants, using the mechanism of PF in IPF as a reference.MethodsData-independent acquisition proteomics technology was employed to identify COVID-19 and paraquat-induced PF from the autopsy of lung tissue samples obtained from individuals who died due to PF. Bioinformatics was employed for differential protein analysis, and selected indicators were validated on pathological sections.ResultsOur results showed that the differential proteins associated with the two causes of PF were enriched in similar lung fibrosis-related signaling pathways, such as the Wnt signaling pathway. However, differences were observed in proteins such as CACYBP, we verified the consistency of the results with proteomics using the IHC approachConclusionThis study illuminates distinct protein-level differences by investigating pulmonary fibrosis pathways in severe COVID-19 and paraquat poisoning. Although both conditions activate lung-protective and repair pathways, COVID-19 shows limited phosphorylation-independent ubiquitination of β-catenin compared to paraquat toxicity. These findings shed light on potential therapeutic targets for PF induced via diverse factors.

Studies on root development, soil physical properties, and yield are important for identifying suitable soil management practices for sustainable crop production. Field experiments with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were conducted in silt loam soil from 2005 through 2007 in arid northwestern China to determine the effects of five tillage systems on soil strength, soil moisture, crop root development, grain yield, and yield components. The five treatments were conventional tillage without wheat stubble (T), conventional tillage with wheat stubble incorporated (TSI), no-tillage without wheat stubble mulching (NT), no-tillage with wheat stubble standing (NTSS), and no-tillage with wheat stubble mulching (NTS). Compared with the T treatment, the NTSS and NTS treatments improved soil water content in the 0- to 130-cm soil depth by 10 to 17% and 15 to 25%, respectively (P < 0.05). The NTSS treatment also increased mean root length density (RLD) by 8 to 40% and crop yield by 13 to 24%, and NTS by 17 to 48% and 17 to 31%, compared with the T treatment. Yield components analysis indicated that thousand-grain weight and spike density considerations helpee explain the grain yield increases under conservation tillage systems (NT, NTSS, NTS), while spike length, number of grains per spike, and grain weight per spike failed to contribute to the model. Our results suggest that Chinese farmers should consider adopting conservation tillage practices in arid northwestern China because of benefits to soil strength, water storage, RLD, and wheat yield. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2008.10.0590

Abstract Activities of daily living (ADLs) relate to people’s daily self-care activities, which reflect their living habits and lifestyle. A prior study presented a neural network model called STADLART for ADL routine learning. In this paper, we propose a cognitive model named Spatial-Temporal Episodic Memory for ADL (STEM-ADL), which extends STADLART to encode event sequences in the form of distributed episodic memory patterns. Specifically, STEM-ADL encodes each ADL and its associated contextual information as an event pattern and encodes all events in a day as an episode pattern. By explicitly encoding the temporal characteristics of events as activity gradient patterns, STEM-ADL can be suitably employed for activity prediction tasks. In addition, STEM-ADL can predict both the ADL type and starting time of the subsequent event in one shot. A series of experiments are carried out on two real-world ADL data sets: Orange4Home and OrdonezB, to estimate the efficacy of STEM-ADL. The experimental results indicate that STEM-ADL is remarkably robust in event retrieval using incomplete or noisy retrieval cues. Moreover, STEM-ADL outperforms STADLART and other state-of-the-art models in ADL retrieval and subsequent event prediction tasks. STEM-ADL thus offers a vast potential to be deployed in real-life healthcare applications for ADL monitoring and lifestyle recommendation.

As an emerging international research hotspot, the development of guidelines with patient participation has seen great differences in related methodological research in China and abroad. This paper advocates the establishment of patient panel, and discusses the working methods of patient panel, the source and selection of patient representatives, participation phases, management, and support. Methodological optimization suggestions are also proposed, such as the sustainability of patients, structuring and two-way communication mode made by a consensus expert group involving patients' values and preferences, in order to provide a reference for the development of patient participation guidelines in China.

Objective Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and respiratory adenovirus (ADV) are two common pathogens that cause acute respiratory tract infections in children. We aimed to develop a rapid method for detecting both pathogens simultaneously. Methods The recombinase polymerase isothermal amplification (RPA) method was combined with the CRISPR/Cas detection system. The assay’s specificity and sensitivity were explored by designing RPA primers and CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) through multi-sequence comparisons, optimizing the reaction conditions, and using a fluorescent reading device. The consistency of the test results of 160 clinical pharyngeal swab samples was studied using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results as a comparative control. Results RSV and ADV could be detected at levels as low as 10 4 copies/mL and 10 3 copies/mL, respectively, within 50 minutes with no cross-reactivity with other similar pathogens. For the clinical samples, compared with the qPCR method, the sensitivities for RSV and ADV were 98.1% and 91.4%, respectively, and the detection specificities were both 100%. The Kappa values were greater than 0.95, suggesting a high degree of consistency. Conclusion This method for detecting RSV and ADV is rapid, sensitive, and specific. It can accurately detect mixed infections in a timely manner, making it suitable for use in areas with scarce healthcare resources.

Using the CNN network model and attention mechanism, this paper completes the construction of the cognitive graph pattern layer based on Protégé programming, crawls the relevant data from the dimensions of language ability, learning ability, thinking, and cultural character of multicultural literacy in English teaching, extracts the entity-relationship of multicultural literacy in English teaching, stores it in the Neo4j corpus, and ultimately completes the construction of the cognitive graph for the cultivation of multicultural literacy in English teaching. Following simulated experiments to evaluate the algorithm’s performance, a case study was carried out to foster English multicultural literacy from the standpoint of the cognitive graph. The information demonstrates that the convolution technique and an attention mechanism work well together to increase relationship extraction efficiency. Further evidence that the cultivation of multicultural literacy in English teaching focuses on language ability, learning ability, thinking character, and cultural character in order to quickly improve students’ English multicultural literacy comes from the keywords with high word frequency in English multicultural literacy: “language ability (388, 0.899)”, “learning ability (185, 0.449)”, “thinking character” (114, 0.38), and “cultural character” (105, 0.335).

Objective To evaluate the impacts of equal ratio ventilation (ERV) mode on lung morphology, gastric inflation and laryngeal mask airway ventilation during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by lung ultrasound（LUS） and gastric ultrasound. Methods A prospective study was performed in 60 patients with prostate cancer undergoing laparoscopy from June 2021 to May 2022 in Nanjing First Hospital. The patients were randomly divided into ERP group (group E) and conventional ventilation group (group C,n=30, each). After induction of routine intravenous anesthesia and mechanical ventilation with laryngeal mask airway, and the ventilation mode was set as follows: the inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio in group E was 1∶1, while that in group C was 1∶2. After anesthesia induction (T0), 30 minutes after surgery begin (T1), 60 minutes after surgery begin (T2) and 10 minutes after surgery (T3), the peak airway pressure (Ppeak), airway plateau pressure(Pplat), mean airway pressure (Pmean),end-expiratory partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) and minute ventilation (MV) were observed and compared between two groups. The LUS score, the cross-sectional area of gastric antrum and fundus and the incidence of airway complications were recorded in two groups. Results At T1 and T2, Ppeak in group E was significantly lower than that in group C(P＜0.05), and Pmean was significantly higher than that in group C(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in PETCO2 and MV between two groups at different time points (P＞0.05). The LUS and the incidence of atelectasis in group E were statistically lower than those in group C (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in the cross-sectional area of gastric antrum and fundus（P＞0.05） and the incidence of airway complications（30.0% vs 32.1%，χ2=0.031，P=0.860) between two groups. Conclusion ERV mode during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy can reduce Ppeak, leakage rate of laryngeal mask, atelectasis and LUS scores without increasing the incidence of gastric inflation and laryngeal mask-related adverse complications.

In Heilongjiang of China, the income of farmers affects the consumption of chemical agricultural products. This study simulated the relationships between chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural film, and farmers' income growth for Heilongjiang (2005-2017) using Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) models. The results show that the total agricultural output value and the per capita income of farmers showed a decreasing trend, respectively. However, influenced by economic and policy factors, both chemical fertilizers and pesticides showed an N-shaped curve. The total agricultural output value and farmers' income growth in Heilongjiang had been at the "fast-growing" stage, with low environmental pollution according to the agricultural pollution level. Thus, the control of agricultural non-point source pollution has been quite effective, and as a result the agricultural environment improved significantly. The EKC models provided scientific evidence for estimating agricultural non-point source pollution load as well as their changeable trends for Heilongjiang from an economic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological control of Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a green and sustainable strategy. However, the antifungal activities of different amounts of biocontrol bacterial are still not understand. This study investigates the antifungal activity of different amount of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FH1-RS1 and Bacillus cereus R19 against Verticillium dahliae V991 by dual culture plate. The results showed that both the fungal inhibition rate (FIR) and far fungal inhibition rate (FFIR) of B. amyloliquefaciens FH1-RS1 elevated with the increasing volume. The highest FIR (77.78%) and FFIR (58.33%) of B. amyloliquefaciens FH1-RS1 were both in 22 μL volume (7.2 × 108 CFU/mL). The highest FIR of B. cereus R19 was 48.15% in 12, 18 and 20 μL volume (1.2 × 108 CFU/mL). The highest FFIR of B. cereus R19 was 38.89% in 6 μL volume. This suggests that not all biocontrol bacteria have higher antifungal activity in higher amounts.

ObjectiveTo observe the duration of anesthesia in C57BL/6J mice anesthetized using different doses of Zoletil combined with serazine hydrochloride to provide an effective reference for all types of mouse surgery and related experimental design.MethodsOne hundred C57BL/6J mice (half male and female) were randomly divided into five groups, with 20 mice (half male and female) in each group. The mice in the four groups were intraperitoneally injected with 55 mg/kg Zoletil and 13.75 mg/kg serazine hydrochloride, 65 mg/kg Zoletil and 16.25 mg/kg serazine hydrochloride, 75 mg/kg Zoletil and 18.75 mg/kg serazine hydrochloride, or 85 mg/kg Zoletil and 21.25 mg/kg serazine hydrochloride, respectively. After the righting reflex stopped, one drop (about 20 µL) was injected into each eye, and the mice were placed on a heat preservation pad. Mice in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with 200 μL normal saline. Differences in the anesthesia induction time, maintenance time, and awakening time were observed and compared. The mice were fed for one day after anesthesia; serum was collected, and liver and kidney function indexes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine (CREA) were determined using Hitachi 7080 automatic biochemical analyzer.ResultsThe success rate of anesthesia in C57BL/6J mice treated with Zoletil combined with serazine hydrochloride was 100%. When the anesthetic dose was 55-75 mg/kg, the anesthesia was induced quickly and safely, and the anesthetic effect was good. The duration of anesthesia was proportional to the injection dose of Zoletil (r2 = 0.827 in male mice, r2 =0.841 in female mice, both P < 0.01), and the induction time was inversely proportional to the injection dose (r2 =0.432 in male mice, r2=0.410 in female mice, both P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in liver and kidney function between the groups and the control group (P＞0.05).ConclusionAnesthetizing C57BL/6J mice with Zoletil combined with serazine hydrochloride is a reliable and stable method, and the duration of anesthesia can be controlled by adjusting the dosage.

The international community is now acutely aware of the negative global impact of climate change. But efforts to advance global climate agendas will not go far without China and the United States leading the way, given the two major powers’ sheer economic size, global influence, and contributions to greenhouse gas emissions. A growing consensus is that China and the United States share common interests in promoting a global transition toward a carbon-free future. China-U.S. climate cooperation may also encourage other major carbon emitters to shoulder greater international responsibilities and help advance a global low-carbon agenda. This article previews the Biden administration’s climate and energy policies, analyzes the state and impact of China-U.S. interactions in climate governance and energy transition, and presents a set of policy recommendations on how to build trust and increase cooperation between the world’s largest economies and carbon emitters. Washington’s green recovery-centered climate plan will not go far without advancing international cooperation in industrial restructuring, infrastructure investment, emerging key resource development, and market demand. Likewise, Beijing’s ambitious goals of peaking carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 will also be difficult to attain if it cannot accelerate green economic growth at home and shoulder the joint leadership of climate governance abroad. In this context, China-U.S. climate cooperation and joint efforts toward carbon neutrality could serve as an icebreaker for the current frosty bilateral relationship.