274 results on '"Charles HE"'
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2. Bring orders into uncertainty: enabling efficient uncertain graph processing via novel path sampling on multi-accelerator systems.
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Heng Zhang 0005, Lingda Li, Hang Liu 0001, Donglin Zhuang, Rui Liu 0002, Chengying Huan, Shuang Song, Dingwen Tao, Yongchao Liu, Charles He, Yanjun Wu, and Shuaiwen Leon Song
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- 2022
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3. Time, tense, & rationality
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Pearson, Francis Oliver Charles He
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100 - Abstract
In this thesis I try to advance our understanding of the nature of time. In particular I defend the idea that there is an objective difference between the past, the present, and the future; a metaphysical tense. This is in opposition to the idea that these distinctions merely mark an aspect of our perspective on entities in time. I argue that tensed beliefs – beliefs that go hand-in-hand with tensed language – are essential to our lives as rational animals. Firstly, they are essential to our practices of providing reasons for action and acting for reasons. Secondly, they are essential for our lives as emotional animals whose emotions are appropriately responsive to the world. Perry has argued that indexical – including tensed – beliefs are essential for actions. In order to attend my meeting, it is not enough that I know that it is at 2pm, I must also know that it is now 1:55pm. Examining Perry’s argument I show that its proper conclusion is that tensed and first-personal beliefs are necessary for rational actions. I argue that reasons are facts (not belief/desire complexes or intensional entities). Further, the rationality of an action derives solely from these reasons, so that when an agent is not mistaken their action is rational purely insofar as it is done for a reason that justifies it. This means that beliefs are required for rational actions only to the extent that they provide an awareness of reasons and thereby enable an action. A proper understanding of rational action thus enables me to say that if an action must involve one belief rather than another in order to be rational, this must be because the former belief involves an awareness of a reason, hence fact, that the latter does not. Combining this with the proper conclusion of Perry’s argument we can say that tensed beliefs are required in the place of any tenseless beliefs in rational actions, and therefore must involve an awareness of facts that the latter cannot capture. Given that our actions are by and large rational, it follows there are facts captured by tensed beliefs not captured by tenseless beliefs. There is a metaphysical tense. Prior has argued that some emotions involve tensed beliefs and Cockburn has furthered this to show that the appropriateness of some emotions depends upon these beliefs. It is inappropriate to grieve a future death or fear a past danger. I show that the appropriateness of emotions stems from the reasons they are felt for and that these reasons are revealed by the beliefs involved in these emotions. This enables me to argue that if an emotion must involve one belief rather than another to be appropriate, then this can only be because the former belief captures a reason that the latter does not. In combination with Prior/Cockburn’s conclusion I am thus able to argue, analogously to the case of rational actions, that if there are emotions which must involve tensed beliefs to be appropriate and there are examples of appropriate such emotions, then metaphysical tense is real. My thesis thus derives a conclusion about the nature of time from our nature as rational animals. These arguments also have implications for a proper understanding of first-personal indexicals, which must now be recognized to pick out facts not captured by non-first-personal language. The former of these conclusions has been famously attacked by McTaggart, and the latter by Wittgenstein, and so I will also say something to rebut these criticisms. My arguments also have implications for certain issues surrounding the cognitive significance of co-referring names/natural kind terms which I will show to be unproblematic.
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- 2012
4. Tamper-proo ng Software Watermarks.
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Clark D. Thomborson, Jasvir Nagra, Ram Somaraju, and Charles He
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- 2004
5. Deciphering the sub-Golgi localization of glycosyltransferases via 3D super-resolution imaging
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Hirokazu Yagi, Seigo Tateo, Taiki Saito, Yusaku Ohta, Emiko Nishi, Saemi Obitsu, Tatsuya Suzuki, Supaphorn Seetaha, Charles Hellec, Akihiko Nakano, Takuro Tojima, and Koichi Kato
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golgi apparatus ,glycosyltransferase ,3d super-resolution imaging ,n-glycosylation ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The Golgi apparatus, a crucial organelle involved in protein processing, including glycosylation, exhibits complex sub-structures, i.e., cis-, medial, and trans-cisternae. This study investigated the distribution of glycosyltransferases within the Golgi apparatus of mammalian cells via 3D super-resolution imaging. Focusing on human glycosyltransferases involved in N-glycan modification, we found that even enzymes presumed to coexist in the same Golgi compartment exhibit nuanced variations in localization. By artificially making their N-terminal regions [composed of a cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and stem segment (CTS)] identical, it was possible to enhance the degree of their colocalization, suggesting the decisive role of this region in determining the sub-Golgi localization of enzymes. Ultimately, this study reveals the molecular codes within CTS regions as key determinants of glycosyltransferase localization, providing insights into precise control over the positioning of glycosyltransferases, and consequently, the interactions between glycosyltransferases and substrate glycoproteins as cargoes in the secretory pathway. This study advances our understanding of Golgi organization and opens avenues for programming the glycosylation of proteins for clinical applications. Key words: Golgi apparatus, glycosyltransferase, 3D super-resolution imaging, N-glycosylation
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- 2024
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6. Evaluating Diagnostic Accuracy and Inter-reader Agreement of the Prostate Imaging After Focal Ablation Scoring System
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David G. Gelikman, Alexander P. Kenigsberg, Yan Mee Law, Enis C. Yilmaz, Stephanie A. Harmon, Sahil H. Parikh, Jason A. Hyman, Hannah Huth, Christopher R. Koller, Daniel Nethala, Charles Hesswani, Maria J. Merino, Sandeep Gurram, Peter L. Choyke, Bradford J. Wood, Peter A. Pinto, and Baris Turkbey
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Focal therapy ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Post-treatment surveillance ,Prostate ablation ,Prostatic neoplasms ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background and objective: Focal therapy (FT) is increasingly recognized as a promising approach for managing localized prostate cancer (PCa), notably reducing treatment-related morbidities. However, post-treatment anatomical changes present significant challenges for surveillance using current imaging techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the inter-reader agreement and efficacy of the Prostate Imaging after Focal Ablation (PI-FAB) scoring system in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) on post-FT multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients who underwent primary FT for localized csPCa between 2013 and 2023, followed by post-FT mpMRI and a prostate biopsy. Two expert genitourinary radiologists retrospectively evaluated post-FT mpMRI using PI-FAB. The key measures included inter-reader agreement of PI-FAB scores, assessed by quadratic weighted Cohen’s kappa (κ), and the system’s efficacy in predicting in-field recurrence of csPCa, with a PI-FAB score cutoff of 3. Additional diagnostic metrics including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy were also evaluated. Key findings and limitations: Scans from 38 patients were analyzed, revealing a moderate level of agreement in PI-FAB scoring (κ = 0.56). Both radiologists achieved sensitivity of 93% in detecting csPCa, although specificity, PPVs, NPVs, and accuracy varied. Conclusions and clinical implications: The PI-FAB scoring system exhibited high sensitivity with moderate inter-reader agreement in detecting in-field recurrence of csPCa. Despite promising results, its low specificity and PPV necessitate further refinement. These findings underscore the need for larger studies to validate the clinical utility of PI-FAB, potentially aiding in standardizing post-treatment surveillance. Patient summary: Focal therapy has emerged as a promising approach for managing localized prostate cancer, but limitations in current imaging techniques present significant challenges for post-treatment surveillance. The Prostate Imaging after Focal Ablation (PI-FAB) scoring system showed high sensitivity for detecting in-field recurrence of clinically significant prostate cancer. However, its low specificity and positive predictive value necessitate further refinement. Larger, more comprehensive studies are needed to fully validate its clinical utility.
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- 2024
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7. Um modelo para a competição entre o mexilhão dourado e sua versão geneticamente modificada
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Charles Henrique Xavier Barreto Barbosa, Claudia Mazza Dias, and Dayse Haime Pastore
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modelagem matemática ,modelo de competição ,dinâmica populacional ,análise de estabilidade ,biomatemática ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
A presença do invasor mexilhão dourado em águas brasileiras acarreta em impactos ecológicos ou econômicos. Uma alternativa de controle populacional é promissora: a imersão de uma espécie geneticamente modificada com o objetivo de, em contato com o molusco selvagem, produzir gerações inférteis. Uma proposta de modelo matemático que contemple tal competição torna-se importante, uma vez que pode fornecer informações para nortear futuros experimentos. Contudo, o modelo de competição necessita de uma dinâmica de crescimento bem estabelecida. Este trabalho apresenta dois modelos para a dinâmica do mexilhão selvagem, estudados de forma analítica. O estudo expõe as soluções de equilíbrio, sua estabilidade local nos pontos estacionários e uma análise de sensibilidade do números de reprodução basal (R_0's). Com isso, define-se o modelo mais adequado para receber as parcelas que modelem a competição. São realizadas simulações numéricas a fim de aferir possíveis desfechos da competição, utilizando o método de Runge-Kutta de quarta ordem. O estudo é capaz de apresentar dois pontos conclusivos importantes: que através da competição planejada a erradicação pode ser atingida e que há necessidade de vantagens competitivas para que a estratégia funcione. Este estudo ressalta a necessidade de vantagens competitivas para o mexilhão modificado. Das possíveis vantagens, o trabalho indica a eficiência reprodutiva e a taxa de mortalidade do mexilhão modificado como as mais promissoras. À vista de um tópico tão importante, este trabalho é necessário para que essa estratégia de controle populacional seja estudada e testada para auxiliar no desenvolvimento da espécie modificada de forma a respeitar a ecologia.
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- 2024
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8. Characteristics of departments with high-use of active learning in introductory STEM courses: implications for departmental transformation
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Alexandra C. Lau, Charles Henderson, Marilyne Stains, Melissa Dancy, Christian Merino, Naneh Apkarian, Jeffrey R. Raker, and Estrella Johnson
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Active learning ,Departmental change ,Instructional change ,Undergraduate education ,Grounded theory ,Model development ,Education ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Theory and practice of education ,LB5-3640 - Abstract
Abstract Background It is well established in the literature that active learning instruction in introductory STEM courses results in many desired student outcomes. Yet, regular use of high-quality active learning is not the norm in many STEM departments. Using results of a national survey, we identified 16 departments where multiple instructors reported using high levels of active learning in their introductory chemistry, mathematics, or physics courses. We conducted interviews with 27 instructors in these 16 departments to better understand the characteristics of such departments. Results Using grounded theory methodology, we developed a model that highlights relevant characteristics of departments with high use of active learning instruction in their introductory courses. According to this model, there are four main, interconnected characteristics of such departments: motivated people, knowledge about active learning, opportunities, and cultures and structures that support active learning. These departments have one or more people who are motivated to promote the use of active learning. These motivated people have knowledge about active learning as well as access to opportunities to promote the use of active learning. Finally, these departments have cultures and structures that support the use of active learning. In these departments, there is a positive feedback loop that works iteratively over time, where motivated people shape cultures/structures and these cultures/structures in turn increase the number and level of commitment of the motivated people. A second positive feedback loop was found between the positive outcome of using active learning instruction and the strengthening of cultures/structures supportive of active learning. Conclusions According to the model, there are two main take-away messages for those interested in promoting the use of active learning. The first is that all four components of the model are important. A weak or missing component may limit the desired outcome. The second is that desired outcomes are obtained and strengthened over time through two positive feedback loops. Thus, there is a temporal aspect to change. In all of the departments that were part of our study, the changes took at minimum several years to enact. While our model was developed using only high-use of active learning departments and future work is needed to develop the model into a full change theory, our results do suggest that change efforts may be made more effective by increasing the robustness of the four components and the connections between them.
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- 2024
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9. A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Involving Financial Incentives to Facilitate Hepatitis C Treatment Uptake Among People Who Inject Drugs: ETHOS Engage Study
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Alison D. Marshall, Anna Conway, Evan B. Cunningham, Heather Valerio, David Silk, Maryam Alavi, Shane Tillakeratne, Alexandra Wade, Thao Lam, Krista Zohrab, Adrian Dunlop, Craig Connelly, Victoria Cock, Carina Burns, Charles Henderson, Michael Christmass, Gregory J. Dore, and Jason Grebely
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hepatitis C virus ,financial incentive ,contingency management ,randomised controlled trial ,treatment ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to establish the feasibility of implementing a larger RCT designed to evaluate the effect of financial incentives on HCV treatment initiation among persons receiving opioid agonist therapy and/or who have injected drugs in the prior six months. ETHOS Engage is an observational cohort of participants recruited from drug treatment and needle and syringe programs in Australia. Among 11 drug and alcohol clinics, participants who were HCV RNA-positive were randomized (1:1) to receive standard of care or a AUD $60 gift card at treatment initiation. Regarding feasibility, 100% (57/57) of eligible participants enrolled to take part. Twenty-eight participants were randomised to the financial incentive arm (AUD $60 gift card) plus standard of care and 29 participants to the standard of care arm. In this pilot RCT (n = 57), median age was 42 years (IQR 37–49), 63% were male (n = 36), 35% Indigenous (n = 20) and 36% (n = 21) reported injecting drugs daily in the past month. Twelve weeks post-study enrolment, 11 (39%) participants in the financial incentive arm and 17 (59%) participants in the standard of care arm initiated HCV treatment. Findings indicate high feasibility among people who inject drugs to be randomised to receive financial incentives to initiate HCV treatment.
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- 2024
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10. Person-centered and qualitative approaches to network analysis in physics education research
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Adrienne L. Traxler, Camila Mani Dias do Amaral, Charles Henderson, Evan LaForge, Chase Hatcher, Madison Swirtz, and Ramón Barthelemy
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Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Network analysis has become a well-recognized methodology in physics education research (PER), with study topics including student performance and persistence, faculty change, and the structure of conceptual networks. The social network analysis side of this work has focused on quantitative analysis of whole-network cases, such as the structure of networks in single classrooms. Egocentric or personal network approaches are largely unexplored, and qualitative methods are underdeveloped. In this paper, we outline theoretical and practical differences between two major network paradigms—whole-network and egocentric—and introduce theoretical frameworks and methodological considerations for egocentric studies. We also describe qualitative and mixed-methods approaches that are currently missing from the PER literature. We identify areas where these additional network methods may be of particular interest to physics education researchers and end by discussing example cases and implications for new PER studies.
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- 2024
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11. Brexucabtagene autoleucel in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma, intention-to-treat use in the DESCAR-T registry
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Charles Herbaux, Caroline Bret, Emmanuel Bachy, Pierre Bories, Roberta Di Blasi, Alexis Cuffel, Thomas Gastinne, Thierry Lamy, Mikael Roussel, Krimo Bouabdallah, David Beauvais, Guillaume Cartron, Jacques-Olivier Bay, Didier Blaise, Marie-Therese Rubio, Mohamad Mohty, Fabien Le Bras, Olivier Casasnovas, Julien Guy, Stephanie Guidez, Cristina Castilla Llorente, Olivier Hermine, Laurianne Drieu La Rochelle, Sylvain Carras, Blandine Guffroy, Sophie Caillat-Zucman, Roch Houot, and Steven Le Gouill
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Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Abstract
Not available.
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- 2024
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12. A peptidomic approach to discover the potential biomolecular signatures discriminating in-bag dry- and wet-aged lamb
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Renyu Zhang, Evelyne Maes, Charles Hefer, Alasdair Noble, Ancy Thomas, Michelle J.Y. Yoo, Mustafa M. Farouk, Carolina E. Realini, and Santanu Deb-Choudhury
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In-bag dry-ageing ,Peptidomic ,Proteolysis ,Oxidation ,Small peptides ,Meat ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
The study assessed the peptidomic profile of in-bag dry-aged (2 °C, RH 75 %, 0.5 m.s−1, n = 30) and wet-aged (-1.5 °C, n = 30) lamb with high and low levels of lipid oxidation. A total of 1056 low molecular weight peptides (< 10 kDa) were identified in aged lamb samples, using LC-MS/MS and label free quantification (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD047738). Partial Least Squares – Discriminant analysis highlighted that all discriminating peptides in dry-aged lamb were from titin, whereas discriminating peptides in the wet-aged samples were predominantly from nebulin, myotilin, collagen type IV, LIM domain binding 3, and heat shock protein family B. Comparison of peptides from aged lamb meat with high- and low-levels of lipid oxidation showed that most discriminatory peptides within an ageing method are derived from oxidatively modified peptides from creatine kinase. These peptides could thus potentially be used as signature biomolecules to discriminate ageing techniques and indicate lipid oxidation levels.
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- 2024
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13. Destructive fishing: An expert‐driven definition and exploration of this quasi‐concept
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Arlie Hannah McCarthy, Daniel Steadman, Hannah Richardson, Jack Murphy, Sophie Benbow, Joshua I. Brian, Holly Brooks, Giulia Costa‐Domingo, Carolina Hazin, Chris McOwen, Jessica Walker, David F. Willer, Mohamad Abdi, Peter J. Auster, Roy Bealey, Robert Bensted‐Smith, Kathryn Broadburn, Gonçalo Carvalho, Tom Collinson, Bolanle Erinosho, Michael Fabinyi, Senia Febrica, Wilson Ngwa Forbi, Serge M Garcia, David Goad, Lynda Goldsworthy, Hugh Govan, Charles Heaphy, Jan Geert Hiddink, Gilles Hosch, Daniel Kachelriess, Jeff Kinch, Alana Malinde S. N. Lancaster, Frédéric Le Manach, Thomas Matthews, Alfonso Medellín Ortiz, Alexia Morgan, Helena Motta, Hilario Murua, Naveen Namboothri, Evelyne Ndiritu, Kelvin Passfield, Nicolas J. Pilcher, James O. Portus, Juan M. Rguez‐Baron, Morven Robertson, Abhilasha Sharma, Cristián G. Suazo, Leandro Luis Tamini, Juan Vilata‐Simón, and Nibedita Mukherjee
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conservation ,destructive fishing ,fisheries ,policy ,sustainable development goals ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Abstract Numerous policy and international frameworks consider that “destructive fishing” hampers efforts to reach sustainability goals. Though ubiquitous, “destructive fishing” is undefined and therefore currently immeasurable. Here we propose a definition developed through expert consultation: “Destructive fishing is any fishing practice that causes irrecoverable habitat degradation, or which causes significant adverse environmental impacts, results in long‐term declines in target or nontarget species beyond biologically safe limits and has negative livelihood impacts.” We show strong stakeholder support for a definition, consensus on many biological and ecological dimensions, and no clustering of respondents from different sectors. Our consensus definition is a significant step toward defining sustainable fisheries goals and will help interpret and implement global political commitments which utilize the term “destructive fishing.” Our definition and results will help reinforce the Food and Agricultural Organization's Code of Conduct and meaningfully support member countries to prohibit destructive fishing practices.
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- 2024
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14. ABCA4-related retinopathies in Lebanon
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Mariam Ibrahim, Lama Jaffal, Alexandre Assi, Charles Helou, and Said El Shamieh
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ABCA4 ,Inherited retinal dystrophies ,ABCA4-Related retinopathies ,Lebanon ,Variants ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Variants in ATP-binding cassette transporter type A4 (ABCA4) have been linked to several forms of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) besides the classically defined Stargardt disease (STGD), known collectively as ABCA4 retinopathies. ABCA4 is a sizable locus harboring 50 exons; thus, its analysis has revealed over 2,400 variants described, of which more than 2,000 are causal. Due to the clinical and genetic heterogeneity, diagnosing ABCA4 retinopathies is challenging. To date, no ABCA4-related retinopathy has been detected in Lebanon. Using next-generation sequencing, we analyzed our IRDs' cohort retrospectively (61 families) and identified five with ABCA4-related retinopathies, making it a relatively abundant cause of IRDs (about 8 %). Three families were diagnosed with rod-cone dystrophy (RCD), two with STGD, and one with cone-rod dystrophy (CRD). In conclusion, our study showed the presence of ABCA4 variants with a high degree of heterogeneity in Lebanon.
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- 2024
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15. Taqman PACMAN: a simple molecular approach for positive rapid antigen test confirmation during periods of low prevalence
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Gregory R. McCracken, Glenn Patriquin, Todd F. Hatchette, Ross J. Davidson, Barbara Goodall, Lisa Barrett, James MacDonald, Charles Heinstein, Janice Pettipas, John Ross, and Jason J. LeBlanc
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SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,rapid antigen ,molecular ,extraction ,PCR ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACTAntigen-based rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) were widely deployed to enhance SARS-CoV-2 testing capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consistent with national guidance for low prevalence settings, positive Ag-RDTs were confirmed using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) to avoid false positive results. However, increasing demands for positive Ag-RDT confirmation competed with other testing priorities in clinical laboratories. This work hypothesized that real-time RT-PCR without nucleic acid extraction (NAE) would be sufficiently sensitive to support positive Ag-RDT confirmation. Ag-RDT and NAAT results from community-based asymptomatic testing sites prior to the omicron variant wave were compared to calculate the weekly false positive rate (FPR) and false detection rate (FDR). Real-time RT-PCR was compared with and without NAE using 752 specimens previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using commercial NAATs and 344 specimens from Ag-RDT-positive individuals. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence on laboratory resources required to sustain Ag-RDT confirmation was modeled for the RT-PCR with and without NAE. Overall, FPR was low [0.07% (222/330,763)] in asymptomatic testing sites, but FDR was high [30.7% (222/724)]. When RT-PCR was compared with and without NAE, 100% concordance was obtained with NAAT-positive specimens, including those from Ag-RDT-positive individuals. NAE-free RT-PCR significantly reduced time to results, human resources, and overall costs. A 30.7% FDR reaffirms the need for NAAT-based confirmation of positive Ag-RDT results during low SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. NAE-free RT-PCR was shown to be a simple and cost-sparing NAAT-based solution for positive Ag-RDT confirmation, and its implementation supported data-driven broader Ag-RDT deployment into communities, workplaces, and households.IMPORTANCERapid antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2 was widely deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic. In settings of low prevalence, national guidance recommends that positive antigen test results be confirmed with molecular testing. Given the high testing burden on clinical laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic, the high volume of positive antigen tests submitted for confirmatory testing posed challenges for laboratory workflow. This study demonstrated that a simple PCR method without prior nucleic acid purification is an accurate and cost-effective solution for positive rapid antigen test confirmation. Implementing this method allowed molecular confirmatory testing for positive antigen tests to be sustained as antigen testing was expanded into large populations such as workplaces, schools, and households.
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- 2024
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16. Recent advances in operational tropical cyclone genesis forecast
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K.K. Hon, Robert Ballard, Eric Blake, Steph Bond, Robb Gile, Daniel Halperin, Charles Helms, Hoang Lam, Xinyan Lyu, Mrutyunjay Mohapatra, Monica Sharma, Akira Shimokobe, Ralf Toumi, and Seonghee Won
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Cyclogenesis ,Tropical cyclone genesis ,Ensemble ,Prediction ,Operational ,Forecasting ,Physical geography ,GB3-5030 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Tropical cyclone (TC) genesis prediction is a major scientific challenge to the TC operation and research community. This report surveys the current status of TC genesis forecasts by a number of major operational centers covering the key ocean basins across both hemispheres. Since IWTC-9, we see an emergence of probabilistic TC genesis forecast products by operational centers, typically supported by the statistical processing of a combination of ensemble prediction and satellite analysis, covering time periods of couple of days to weeks ahead. The prevalence of multi-center grand ensemble approach highlights the uncertainties involved and the forecast challenges in quantitative genesis prediction. While operational practice might differ across agencies, verification efforts generally report a steady or slightly improving skill level in terms of reliability, which likely results from the continual improvement in global numerical weather prediction capability.
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- 2023
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17. Reaffirming the reasons of history at school in a troubled and complex world
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Charles Heimberg and Sosthène Meboma
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school history ,aims ,crises ,present of the past ,emancipation ,Theory and practice of education ,LB5-3640 ,History (General) and history of Europe - Abstract
The major crises of the contemporary world make it all the more important for the teaching of history to all students, but at the same time require a renewal of its aims and rationale. After outlining the societal challenges we face at the start of the 21st century, and those that lie ahead for the generations to come, this contribution considers and supports five functions of school history that could serve to address them: the discovery of the strangeness and difference of the past; the explanation of what is observed on the basis of plural documentation; the protection of traces and memories, particularly the most fragile and hidden; the inclusion of all human groups in the narratives and reflections, by crossing their points of view; and the idea of defatalizing history by examining the experiences and room for action of men and women of the past in their present, its uncertainties and possibilities.
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- 2023
18. Ethnic sensitivity assessment: Polatuzumab vedotin pharmacokinetics in Asian and non‐Asian patients with previously untreated diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in POLARIX
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Michael Z. Liao, Rong Deng, Leonid Gibiansky, Tong Lu, Priya Agarwal, Randall Dere, Calvin Lee, Jamie Hirata, Charles Herbaux, Gilles Salles, Chunze Li, and Dale Miles
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Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract This ethnic sensitivity analysis used data from the phase III POLARIX study (NCT03274492) to assess polatuzumab vedotin pharmacokinetics (PKs) in Asian versus non‐Asian patients with previously untreated diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and examined the appropriateness of extrapolating global study findings to Asian patients. PK and population PK (PopPK) analyses assessed polatuzumab vedotin analyte exposures by ethnicity (Asian [n = 84] vs. non‐Asian [n = 345] patients) and region (patients enrolled from Asia [n = 80] vs. outside Asia [n = 349]). In patients from Asia versus outside Asia, observed mean antibody‐conjugated monomethyl auristatin E (acMMAE) concentrations were comparable (1.2% lower at cycle [C]1 postdose, 4.4% higher at C4 predose; and 6.8% lower at C4 postdose in patients from Asia). Observed mean unconjugated MMAE was lower in patients from Asia by 6.5% (C1 postdose), 20.0% (C4 predose), and 15.3% (C4 postdose). In the PopPK analysis, C6 area under the curve and peak plasma concentrations were also comparable for acMMAE (6.3% and 3.0% lower in Asian vs. non‐Asian patients, respectively) and lower for unconjugated MMAE by 19.1% and 16.7%, respectively. By region, C6 mean acMMAE concentrations were similar, and C6 mean unconjugated MMAE concentrations were lower, in patients enrolled from Asia versus outside Asia, by 3.9%–7.0% and 17.3%–19.7%, respectively. In conclusion, polatuzumab vedotin PKs were similar between Asian and non‐Asian patients by ethnicity and region, suggesting PKs are not sensitive to Asian ethnicity and dose adjustments are not required in Asian patients to maintain efficacy and safety.
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- 2023
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19. Apresentação do Dossiê 'Elites e Instituições'
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Icaro Gabriel da Fonseca Engler and Charles Henrique Voos
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Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Published
- 2023
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20. O estudo de elites para além de diagnósticos: entrevista com Rodrigo da Rosa Bordignon
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Icaro Gabriel da Fonseca Engler and Charles Henrique Voos
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rodrigo da rosa bordignon ,interview ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Published
- 2023
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21. Feasibility and Impact of Immunohistochemistry-based Molecular Subtyping for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer in Patients Treated with Radiation-based Therapy
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Charles Hesswani, Chelsea L. Jackson, Gautier Marcq, Céline Hardy, Ronald Kool, Jose Joao Mansure, Fadi Brimo, David M. Berman, and Wassim Kassouf
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Antibody algorithm ,Bladder cancer ,Immunohistochemistry ,Molecular subtype ,Radiotherapy ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background: Distinct molecular subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) have been identified via gene expression profiling. Objective: We investigated the feasibility of a simple immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based Lund subtyping method and the association of MIBC subtypes with oncological outcomes for patients after bladder-preserving radiation-based therapy. Design, setting, and participants: Transurethral resected tumor tissues from 104 patients treated with radiation-based therapy were sampled on tissue microarray blocks. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The expression of KRT5, GATA3, and p16 proteins was scored via digital image analysis. Hierarchical clustering was used to classify tumors as the basal subtype or one of two luminal subtypes: genomically unstable (GU) or urothelial-like (URO). Subtypes were evaluated for association with complete response (CR), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). Results and limitations: The median OS was 43 mo (95% confidence interval 19–77) and median follow-up was 55 mo (interquartile range 39–75). Age and clinical stage had a significant impact on OS (p
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- 2023
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22. Automated Fiber Placement Manufactured Composites for Science Applications
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Will Guin, Thuan Nguyen, Kenneth N. Segal, Charles He, Lloyd Nelson, Justin R. Jackson, and Ray Grenoble
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Composite number ,Stiffness ,High stiffness ,Automation ,Strength of materials ,Thermal expansion ,medicine ,Fiber ,medicine.symptom ,Composite material ,business ,Test data - Abstract
What automated composite laminate manufacturing isWhy automation is of interest in science applicationsHow composite automation is being considered for science instrument applicationsAnd, about test data showing high stiffness materials processed with automation results in reduced material strength while stiffness and coefficient of thermal expansion are mostly unaffected.
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- 2019
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23. How women and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer physics doctoral students navigate graduate education: The roles of professional environments and social networks
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Justin A. Gutzwa, Ramón S. Barthelemy, Camila Amaral, Madison Swirtz, Adrienne Traxler, and Charles Henderson
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Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Despite knowing physics and astronomy doctoral programs are laden with identity-based inequities, they continue to push minoritized students to the margins. This qualitative social network analysis of 100 women and/or lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and more (LGBT+) physics and astronomy Ph.D.’s explores how minoritized physics and astronomy students utilize social networks to navigate departmental exclusion. Our findings indicate that many of the participants’ identities were often unacknowledged or negatively addressed within their graduate education, with only four participants reporting a positive or favorable experience during this period of their career. Direct support from peers, faculty, and identity-based affinity groups was necessary for participants to navigate their educations. This study demonstrated that generic best practices often cannot fully support the diverse range of persons who come to physics and that identity-neutral values in physics further isolate students by insinuating that their own minoritized experiences are not valid.
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- 2024
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24. Simulation and measurement of beam-induced heating of ceramic vacuum chambers
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Aamna Khan, Gabriele Bassi, Bernard Kosciuk, Robert Todd, Victor Smaluk, Belkacem Bacha, Paul Palecek, and Charles Hetzel
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Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 - Abstract
In this article, we summarize recent theoretical and experimental studies of the impedance and beam-induced heating of titanium-coated ceramic vacuum chambers used in the NSLS-II injection kickers. The impedance was calculated using the field matching theory assuming planar approximation and compared with the impedancewake2d code. For the coating thickness of a few microns, we demonstrated that the beam-induced power is dissipated in the titanium coating and that the longitudinally averaged two-dimensional power density is approximated by an analytical expression, thus allowing the use of a simplified model of the power density as input for the ansys code to simulate the temperature distribution with realistic nonuniform thickness of the Ti coating. For a few values of the NSLS-II beam current, we measured the beam-induced heating of two ceramic chambers using thermal sensors installed along the chamber and compared the measurement results with the simulations.
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- 2024
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25. The Honor-Based Society, Past and Present
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Charles Herrman
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honor ,dignity ,worth ,respect ,acceptance ,trust ,faith ,merit ,inherency ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
This paper asserts that honor-based peoples have and maintain a distinct cultural identity that is valid for at least eighty-five percent of the world population. It is necessarily considered relative to dignity-based societies which make up the other fifteen percent. Practically all dignity-based cultures originated during the Enlightenment; modern honor-based groups will oftentimes through diffusion manifest some dignity-based traits or observe fewer of the traditional honor-based features. This paper will survey both traditional and modern forms of the honor-based culture.
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- 2023
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26. SGLT2 inhibitors: Beyond glycemic control
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Irtiza Hasan, Tasnuva Rashid, Vishal Jaikaransingh, Charles Heilig, Emaad M. Abdel-Rahman, and Alaa S. Awad
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SGLT2 ,Chronic kidney disease ,Cardiovascular disease ,IgA nephropathy ,Metabolism ,Systematic review ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Multiple randomized controlled trials have extensively examined the therapeutic effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, ushering in a transformative approach to treating individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Notably, emerging reports have drawn attention to the potential positive impacts of SGLT2 inhibitors in nondiabetic patients. In an effort to delve into this phenomenon, a comprehensive systematic literature review spanning PubMed (NLM), Medline (Ovid), and Cochrane Library, covering publications from 2000 to 2024 was undertaken. This systematic review encompassed twenty-six randomized control trials (RCTs) involving 35,317 participants. The findings unveiled a multifaceted role for SGLT2 inhibitors, showcasing their ability to enhance metabolic control and yield cardioprotective effects through a reduction in cardiovascular death (CVD) and hospitalization related to heart failure (HF). Additionally, a renalprotective effect was observed, evidenced by a slowdown in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and a decrease in albuminuria. Importantly, these benefits were coupled with an acceptable safety profile. The literature also points to various biological plausibility and underlying mechanistic pathways, offering insights into the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and these positive outcomes in nondiabetic individuals. Current research trends indicate a continual exploration of additional role for SGLT2 inhibitors in. Nevertheless, further research is imperative to fully elucidate the mechanisms and long-term outcomes associated with the nondiabetic use of SGLT2 inhibitors.
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- 2024
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27. The important role of African emissions reductions in projected local rainfall changes
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Drew Shindell, Luke Parsons, Greg Faluvegi, Kevin Hicks, Johan Kuylenstierna, and Charles Heaps
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
Abstract Africa is highly vulnerable to climate change but emits a small portion of global greenhouse gases. Additionally, decarbonization might lead to a ‘climate penalty’ whereby reductions in cooling aerosols offset temperature benefits from CO2 reductions for several decades. However, climate change impacts conditions other than temperatures, including precipitation. Using the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies climate model, we find that although African emissions cuts have weak impacts on projected African temperatures, they significantly impact rainfall. Whereas business-as-usual increasing emissions lead to substantial drying over tropical Northern Hemisphere Africa during local summer, that drying is essentially eliminated under a sustainable development pathway. The reduction in cooling aerosols is responsible for ~33–90% of the avoided drying in our model, with the remainder largely attributable to reduced absorbing aerosols. African policy choices may therefore greatly reduce regional African summer drying, giving parts of Africa substantial leverage over their own climate and air quality future.
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- 2023
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28. High-throughput method to analyze the cytotoxicity of CAR-T Cells in a 3D tumor spheroid model using image cytometry
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David Zurowski, Samir Patel, Daniel Hui, Mignane Ka, Charles Hernandez, Andrea C. Love, Bo Lin, Andrea Moore, and Leo Li-Ying Chan
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Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) ,CAR-T cell-mediated cytotoxicity ,tumor microenvironment (TME) ,3D tumor spheroid ,Plate-based image cytometry ,Celigo ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Solid tumors account for approximately 90% of all adult human cancers. As such, the development of novel cellular therapies has become of increasing importance to target solid tumor malignancies, such as prostate, lung, breast, bladder, colon, and liver cancers. One such cellular therapy relies on the use of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells). CAR-T cells are engineered to target specific antigens on tumor cells. To date, there are six FDA-approved CAR-T cell therapies that have been utilized for hematologic B cell malignancies. Immune cell trafficking and immunosuppressive factors within the tumor microenvironment increase the relative difficulty in developing a robust CAR-T cell therapy against solid tumors. Therefore, it is critical to develop novel methodologies for high-throughput phenotypic and functional assays using 3D tumor spheroid models to assess CAR-T cell products against solid tumors. In this manuscript, we discuss the use of CAR-T cells targeted towards PSMA, an antigen that is found on prostate cancer tumor cells, the second most common cause of cancer deaths among men worldwide. We demonstrate the use of high-throughput, plate-based image cytometry to characterize CAR-T cell-mediated cytotoxic potency against 3D prostate tumor spheroids. We were able to kinetically evaluate the efficacy and therapeutic value of PSMA CAR-T cells by analyzing the cytotoxicity against prostate tumor spheroids. In addition, the CAR-T cells were fluorescently labeled to visually identify the location of the T cells as cytotoxicity occurs, which may provide more meaningful information for assessing the functionality of the CAR-T cells. The proposed image cytometry method can overcome limitations placed on traditional methodologies to effectively assess cell-mediated 3D tumor spheroid cytotoxicity and efficiently generate time- and dose-dependent results.
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- 2023
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29. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Bone Repair of Human Hip Osteonecrosis with Bilateral Match-Control Evaluation: Impact of Tissue Source, Cell Count, Disease Stage, and Volume Size on 908 Hips
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Philippe Hernigou, Yasuhiro Homma, Jacques Hernigou, Charles Henri Flouzat Lachaniette, Helène Rouard, and Sophie Verrier
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hip osteonecrosis ,stem cells ,mesenchymal stem cells ,osteonecrosis repair ,bone marrow autologous concentrate cells ,allogenic expanded stem cells ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
We investigated the impact of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy on treating bilateral human hip osteonecrosis, analyzing 908 cases. This study assesses factors such as tissue source and cell count, comparing core decompression with various cell therapies. This research emphasizes bone repair according to pre-treatment conditions and the specificities of cell therapy in osteonecrosis repair, indicating a potential for improved bone repair strategies in hips without femoral head collapse. This study utilized a single-center retrospective analysis to investigate the efficacy of cellular approaches in the bone repair of osteonecrosis. It examined the impact on bone repair of tissue source (autologous bone marrow concentrate, allogeneic expanded, autologous expanded), cell quantity (from none in core decompression alone to millions in cell therapy), and osteonecrosis stage and volume. Excluding hips with femoral head collapse, it focused on patients who had bilateral hip osteonecrosis, both pre-operative and post-operative MRIs, and a follow-up of over five years. The analysis divided these patients into seven groups based on match control treatment variations in bilateral hip osteonecrosis, primarily investigating the outcomes between core decompression, washing effect, and different tissue sources of MSCs. Younger patients (
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- 2024
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30. Combined inhibition of Wee1 and Chk1 as a therapeutic strategy in multiple myeloma
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Angélique Bruyer, Laure Dutrieux, Hugues de Boussac, Thibaut Martin, Djamila Chemlal, Nicolas Robert, Guilhem Requirand, Guillaume Cartron, Laure Vincent, Charles Herbaux, Malik Lutzmann, Caroline Bret, Philippe Pasero, Jérôme Moreaux, and Sara Ovejero
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multiple myeloma ,Chk1 ,Wee1 ,therapeutic targets ,replicative stress ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by an abnormal clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells. Despite the introduction of novel agents that have significantly improved clinical outcome, most patients relapse and develop drug resistance. MM is characterized by genomic instability and a high level of replicative stress. In response to replicative and DNA damage stress, MM cells activate various DNA damage signaling pathways. In this study, we reported that high CHK1 and WEE1 expression is associated with poor outcome in independent cohorts of MM patients treated with high dose melphalan chemotherapy or anti-CD38 immunotherapy. Combined targeting of Chk1 and Wee1 demonstrates synergistic toxicities on MM cells and was associated with higher DNA double-strand break induction, as evidenced by an increased percentage of γH2AX positive cells subsequently leading to apoptosis. The therapeutic interest of Chk1/Wee1 inhibitors’ combination was validated on primary MM cells of patients. The toxicity was specific of MM cells since normal bone marrow cells were not significantly affected. Using deconvolution approach, MM patients with high CHK1 expression exhibited a significant lower percentage of NK cells whereas patients with high WEE1 expression displayed a significant higher percentage of regulatory T cells in the bone marrow. These data emphasize that MM cell adaptation to replicative stress through Wee1 and Chk1 upregulation may decrease the activation of the cell-intrinsic innate immune response. Our study suggests that association of Chk1 and Wee1 inhibitors may represent a promising therapeutic approach in high-risk MM patients characterized by high CHK1 and WEE1 expression.
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- 2023
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31. Characteristics and clinical outcomes of adolescents infected by SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review
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Cezenário Gonçalves Campos, Luciene Aparecida Muniz, Vinícius Silva Belo, Cássia Cristina Costa, Juscelino de Souza Borges Neto, Rommel Larcher Rachid Novais, Fernanda Lívia Dutra Rabelo, Charles Henrique Martins Júnior, Márcia Christina Caetano Romano, and Joel Alves Lamounier
- Subjects
Adolescent ,COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 infection ,Health profile ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the COVID-19 clinical characteristics, associated comorbidities, and outcomes in adolescents. Data source: This is a systematic review study based on articles published between 2020 and 2022 in the United States National Library of Medicine - PubMed (MedLine), Virtual Health Library – VHL (LILACS), Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus (Elsevier) databases. The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, under No. CRD42022309108. Data synthesis: A total of 1188 studies were identified. After applying the selection criteria, 13 articles were included. Prevalence was 25%; mild cases were predominant; and fever, cough, headache, anosmia, nasal congestion, and ageusia were frequent. Fever and cough were proportionally higher in hospitalized cases: 81 and 68%, respectively. Dyspnea (odds ratio [OR] 6.3; confidence interval 95%[CI] 2.8–14.3), fever (OR 3.8; 95%CI 2.0–7.4), and cough (OR 3.4; 95%CI 2.0–6.0) were associated with severe cases. Up to 28% required intensive care and 38% required mechanical ventilation. Pre-existing comorbidities increased the risk of hospitalization and death. Severe cases were associated with the risk of death (relative risk [RR] 4.6; 95%CI 2.8–7.5). The black, mixed, and indigenous races/skin colors represented risk groups, as well as residents of poorer regions. Conclusions: The review provided a better understanding of the disease profile and may favor the development of public policies, in addition to contributing to the current literature in the field of adolescent health.
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- 2023
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32. Risk Management Interventions to Reduce Injuries and Maximize Economic Benefits in U.S. Mining
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Eric A. Lutz, Chengcheng Hu, Stephanie C. Griffin, Jefferey L. Burgess, Gautam Gowrisankaran, David P. Bui, and Charles He
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Program evaluation ,050210 logistics & transportation ,Risk Management ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Psychological intervention ,Poison control ,Coal Mining ,Occupational Injuries ,Occupational safety and health ,Mining ,Health administration ,Metals ,Return on investment ,0502 economics and business ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Operations management ,Business ,050107 human factors ,Risk management ,Occupational Health ,Program Evaluation - Abstract
Objective Risk management (RM) is a cyclical process of identifying and ranking risks, implementing controls, and evaluating their effectiveness. This study aims to identify effective RM interventions in the U.S. mining industry. Methods RM interventions were identified in four companies representing metal, aggregate, and coal mining sectors. Injury rates were determined using Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) data and changes in injury rates identified through change point analysis. Program implementation costs and associated changes in injury costs were evaluated for select interventions. Results Six of 20 RM interventions were associated with a decline in all injuries and one with a reduction in lost-time injuries, all with a positive return on investment. Conclusion Reductions in injuries and associated costs were observed following implementation of a limited number of specific RM interventions.
- Published
- 2017
33. P1090: LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP OF UNTREATED/RELAPSING MCL PATIENTS WITH THE IBRUTINIB, OBINUTUZUMAB, AND VENETOCLAX COMBINATION.
- Author
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Steven Le Gouill, Franck Morschhauser, David Chiron, Kamal Bouabdallah, Guillaume Cartron, Rene Olivier Casasnovas, Caroline Milin, Charles Herbaux, Emmanuelle Tchernonog, Cedric Rossi, Simon Rule, Thomas Gastinne, Mary Callanan, and Benoit Tessoulin
- Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Published
- 2023
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34. PB2455: THE DARK SIDE OF FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION IN REFRACTORY ACUTE GASTROINTESTINAL GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE.
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Oumayma Hari, Rayane Berrahouane, Agathe Artiaga, Lilia Simonetti, Benoit Tisserand, Charles Herbaux, Guillaume Cartron, and Patrice Ceballos
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Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Published
- 2023
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35. Natural hydrogen seeps or salt lakes: how to make a difference? Grass Patch example, Western Australia
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Léo Aimar, Emanuelle Frery, Julian Strand, Charles Heath, Shahbaz Khan, Isabelle Moretti, and Cindy Ong
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natural hydrogen ,Australia ,remote sensing ,salt lakes ,monitoring ,Albany-Fraser orogen ,Science - Abstract
Natural hydrogen exploration is picking up around the world while the geogenic hydrogen system is still a Frontier science. Natural hydrogen seepage can occur in the form of a sub-circular surface feature named by some authors “fairy circles.” Numerous hydrogen seep-alike surface features are visible from the sky in Australia but can be difficult to distinguish from the many salt lakes. In this study, we combined literature review, remote sensing, field and lab measurements (soil gas sampling, X-Ray diffraction, salinity) to uncover a potential hydrogen system and its differences with the salt lakes in the Grass Patch area in Western Australia. The local geology shows a good potential to generate hydrogen. Study of the surface geology and Digital Elevation Model showed that salt lakes are static old features influenced by the soil composition and long-term climatic trend whereas potential hydrogen seeps have recently appeared. This study soil-gas sampling method includes a monitoring procedure compatible with time series measurements via a portable gas analyser, getting rid of artificially produced hydrogen. Low hydrogen values (
- Published
- 2023
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36. Editorial: Discontinuation of short papers in PRPER
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Charles Henderson
- Subjects
Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Published
- 2024
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37. Boot camp approach to surgical residency preparation: feedback from a French university hospital
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Etienne Buscail, Fabrice Muscari, Aurélien Hostalrich, Manon Bolzinger, Sandra Malavaud, Vincent Minville, Charlotte Martin, Magali Delhoste, Charles Henri Houze-Cerfon, Simon Buscail, Bruno Bastiani, Mathieu Roumiguié, Ariane Weyl, Nicolas Carrère, and Olivier Abbo
- Subjects
Education ,Surgery ,Video-based learning ,Surgical residency program in France ,Surgical skills ,Curriculum design ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Introduction The transition from medical student to surgical resident is not a simple one. The aim of this study was to report the experience of a university hospital in the organization of the induction course for future surgical residents and the contribution of a video support in the learning of the suture. Material and method We were able to study two consecutive years of students (October 2020 and 2021). Concerning the practical and technical workshops (learning suture) we carried out a comparative study between two groups of students. A group that had video support for learning suture (video group) and a group without video (control group). The evaluation of the suture was performed in a blinded manner by two supervising surgeons. The other practical workshop was drain fixation; the students did not have a video for this workshop. A comparative study was also performed for the drain fixation workshop between the two groups (video group and control group). A program of theoretical courses was also set up. This program is established according to the different future functions of the residents by integrating medico-legal notions and teamwork. Satisfaction questionnaires were given to the students and the answers were given two months after taking up their duties in the hospital (6 questions with Likert scale and 4 free questions). Results The cohort consisted of 58 students (29 each in 2020 and 29 in 2021). Comparative analyses of the evaluation of the suture workshops showed better performance in the video group compared with the group without video. The comparison of these two groups did not show significant differences in the drain fixation workshop. The theoretical teaching was broken down according to the students' future tasks and each speaker was a specialist in his or her field of expertise. The results of the questionnaires showed a desire on the part of the students to increase the time spent on practical workshops and theoretical forensic teaching. Conclusion We were able to show through these two years of a program that we were able to offer a surgical resident preparation course. In addition, we have highlighted the contribution of a video support in the learning curve of the suture.
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- 2022
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38. The Criteria Necessary to Achieve Formal Definitions of Sign and Symbol
- Author
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Charles Herrman
- Subjects
sign ,symbol ,form ,content ,class ,concept ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
This paper attempts to illustrate a process of analysis that will hopefully open a path to more complete and useful definitions of sign and symbol. It applies a form-content analysis to the metaphysical properties of these two concepts. The objective is to locate criteria necessary and sufficient to derive formal definitions for these terms. Wittgenstein’s concept of “forms of representation” is analyzed and applied to the topic. Criteria are outlined that determine the appropriateness of the sign and symbol to be applied as labels. Criteria of definition are then developed using gesture, metaphor, and several other example types to illustrate the use of the criteria in distinguishing between sign and symbol. The structural organization of these two concepts proved to be especially complex and led to what some readers may find somewhat obscure. It is not our intention to be purposefully obscure.
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- 2022
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39. Erratum to 'The launch of the first-ever Integrated Assessment of Air Pollution and Climate Change for Sustainable Development in Africa'
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Alice Kaudia, Youba Sokona, Brian Mantlana, Aderiana Mbandi, Philip Osano, Anderson Gwanyebit Kehbila, Lawrence Nzuve, Cynthia Sitati, Caroline Tagwireyi, Charles Heaps, Kevin Hicks, Eve Palmer, Bianca Wernecke, and Rebecca Garland
- Subjects
Environmental pollution ,TD172-193.5 ,Science - Abstract
Erratum to "The launch of the first-ever Integrated Assessment of Air Pollution and Climate Change for Sustainable Development in Africa" published in Clean Air Journal, 32(2), 2022, https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2022/32/2.15320 The original article can be found here: https://cleanairjournal.org.za/article/view/15320
- Published
- 2023
40. Evaluation of the effect of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate on arrhythmia-related cardiovascular outcomes in patients receiving chronic haemodialysis with hyperkalaemia: protocol for the multicentre, randomised, controlled DIALIZE-Outcomes study
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Michel Jadoul, Steven Fishbane, Laura Dember, CP Kovesdy, Ayman Al-Shurbaji, Vera Lisovskaja, Priya Sekar, Brian Katona, Nicolas Guzman, and Charles Herzog
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Introduction Patients with kidney failure receiving chronic haemodialysis have elevated risk of arrhythmias potentially increasing the likelihood of sudden cardiac death, stroke and hospitalisation. The DIALIZE study (NCT03303521) demonstrated that sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) was an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment for predialysis hyperkalaemia in patients undergoing haemodialysis. The DIALIZE-Outcomes study evaluates the effect of SZC on sudden cardiac death and arrhythmia-related cardiovascular outcomes in patients receiving chronic haemodialysis with recurrent hyperkalaemia.Methods and analysis International, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted at 357 study sites across 25 countries. Adults (≥18 years) receiving chronic haemodialysis three times per week with recurrent predialysis serum potassium (K+) ≥5.5 mmol/L post long interdialytic interval (LIDI) are eligible. Patients (~2800) will be randomised 1:1 to SZC or placebo, starting at 5 g orally once daily on non-dialysis days and titrated weekly in 5 g increments (maximum 15 g) to target predialysis serum K+ 4.0–5.0 mmol/L post LIDI. The primary objective is to evaluate efficacy of SZC versus placebo in reducing occurrence of the primary composite endpoint of sudden cardiac death, stroke or arrhythmia-related hospitalisation, intervention or emergency department visit. Secondary endpoints include efficacy of SZC versus placebo in maintaining normokalaemia (serum K+ 4.0–5.5 mmol/L post LIDI) at the 12-month visit, preventing severe hyperkalaemia (serum K+ ≥6.5 mmol/L post LIDI) at the 12-month visit and reducing the incidence of individual cardiovascular outcomes. Safety of SZC will be evaluated. The study is event driven, with participants remaining in the study until 770 primary endpoint events have occurred. Average time in the study is expected to be ~25 months.Ethics and dissemination Approval was obtained from the relevant institutional review board/independent ethics committee from each participating site (approving bodies in supplementary information). The results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numbers EudraCT 2020-005561-14 and clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04847232.
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- 2023
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41. Examining whether and how instructional coordination occurs within introductory undergraduate STEM courses
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Brian A. Couch, Luanna B. Prevost, Marilyne Stains, Blake Whitt, Ariel E. Marcy, Naneh Apkarian, Melissa H. Dancy, Charles Henderson, Estrella Johnson, Jeffrey R. Raker, Brandon J. Yik, Brittnee Earl, Susan E. Shadle, John Skvoretz, and John P. Ziker
- Subjects
autonomy ,coordinated ,exams ,institutional change ,textbook ,undergraduate ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
Instructors’ interactions can foster knowledge sharing around teaching and the use of research-based instructional strategies (RBIS). Coordinated teaching presents an impetus for instructors’ interactions and creates opportunities for instructional improvement but also potentially limits an instructor’s autonomy. In this study, we sought to characterize the extent of coordination present in introductory undergraduate courses and to understand how departments and instructors implement and experience course coordination. We examined survey data from 3,641 chemistry, mathematics, and physics instructors at three institution types and conducted follow-up interviews with a subset of 24 survey respondents to determine what types of coordination existed, what factors led to coordination, how coordination constrained instruction, and how instructors maintained autonomy within coordinated contexts. We classified three approaches to coordination at both the overall course and course component levels: independent (i.e., not coordinated), collaborative (decision-making by instructor and others), controlled (decision-making by others, not instructor). Two course components, content coverage and textbooks, were highly coordinated. These curricular components were often decided through formal or informal committees, but these decisions were seldom revisited. This limited the ability for instructors to participate in the decision-making process, the level of interactions between instructors, and the pedagogical growth that could have occurred through these conversations. Decision-making around the other two course components, instructional methods and exams, was more likely to be independently determined by the instructors, who valued this autonomy. Participants in the study identified various ways in which collaborative coordination of courses can promote but also inhibit pedagogical growth. Our findings indicate that the benefits of collaborative course coordination can be realized when departments develop coordinated approaches that value each instructor’s autonomy, incorporate shared and ongoing decision-making, and facilitate collaborative interactions and knowledge sharing among instructors.
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- 2023
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42. Productivity, Safety, and Regulation in Underground Coal Mining: Evidence from Disasters and Fatalities
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Gautam Gowrisankaran, Charles He, Eric A. Lutz, and Jefferey L. Burgess
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jel:I18 ,jel:J28 ,jel:D24 ,jel:L72 - Abstract
The U.S. regulatory state overseeing worker safety has become more complex over time. We study the underground coal mining industry, where the Mine Safety and Health Administration and related laws have established a complex structure which mines must follow. In this sector, since 2000, both productivity and accident rates have dropped substantially, while regulatory inspections and fines have increased dramatically. We seek to estimate the marginal tradeoffs between productivity and safety imposed by the regulatory state. We use the occurrence of disasters near a mine and of fatalities at a mine as shocks that increase the costs of future accidents. We find that in the second year after a disaster, productivity decreases 11% and accident rates decrease 17-83% for mines in the same state as the disaster, with some evidence that the number of managers increases. After a fatality at a mine, government inspections and penalties increase and the rates of less-severe accidents decrease 14%, with no significant effect on severe accidents or productivity. Using published “value of statistical life” (VSL) and injury cost estimates, we find that the productivity loss following a disaster in the same state as a mine costs 2.7 times the value of the safety increases, implying that the regulatory state trades off productivity for safety at a much higher rate than would a VSL-based cost-benefit approach.
- Published
- 2015
43. Setting foot in private spaces: extending the hepatitis C cascade of care to automatic needle/syringe dispensing machines, a mixed methods study
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Heidi Coupland, Charles Henderson, Janice Pritchard-Jones, Shih-Chi Kao, Sinead Sheils, Regina Nagy, Martin O’Donnell, Paul S. Haber, and Carolyn A. Day
- Subjects
Automatic syringe dispensing machines ,People who inject drugs ,Hepatitis C ,Engagement ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Global commitment to achieving hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination has enhanced efforts in improving access to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments for people who inject drugs (PWID). Scale-up of efforts to engage hard-to-reach groups of PWID in HCV testing and treatment is crucial to success. Automatic needle/syringe dispensing machines (ADMs) have been used internationally to distribute sterile injecting equipment. ADMs are a unique harm reduction service, affording maximum anonymity to service users. This paper explores the feasibility and acceptability of extending the HCV cascade of care to sites where ADMs are located. Methods The ADM users into Treatment (ADMiT) study was undertaken in a metropolitan region in Sydney, Australia. This mixed methods study involved analysis of closed-circuit television footage, ethnographic methods (fieldwork observation and in-depth interviews) and structured surveys. Researchers and peers conducted fieldwork and data collection over 10 weeks at one ADM site, including offering access to HCV testing and treatment. Results Findings from 10 weeks of fieldwork observations, 70 survey participants and 15 interviews highlighted that there is scope for engaging with this population at the time they use the ADM, and enhanced linkage to HCV testing and treatment may be warranted. Most survey participants reported prior HCV testing, 61% in the last 12 months and 38% had received HCV treatment. However, fieldwork revealed that most people observed using the ADM were not willing to engage with the researchers. Field work data and interviews suggested that extending the HCV cascade of care to ADMs may encroach on what is a private space for many PWID, utilized specifically to avoid engagement. Discussion Enhanced linkage to HCV testing and treatment for people who use ADMs may be warranted. However, data suggested that extending the HCV cascade of care to ADMs may encroach on what is a private space for many PWID, utilized specifically to avoid engagement. The current study raises important public health questions about the need to ensure interventions reflect the needs of affected communities, including their right to remain anonymous.
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- 2022
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44. Editorial: Call for Papers for Focused Collection of Physical Review Physics Education Research: AI Tools in Physics Teaching and PER
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Charles Henderson
- Subjects
Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Published
- 2023
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45. Editorial: Call for Papers for Focused Collection of Physical Review Physics Education Research: Investigating and Improving Quantum Education through Research
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Charles Henderson
- Subjects
Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Published
- 2023
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46. Evaluating the impact of malleable factors on percent time lecturing in gateway chemistry, mathematics, and physics courses
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Brandon J. Yik, Jeffrey R. Raker, Naneh Apkarian, Marilyne Stains, Charles Henderson, Melissa H. Dancy, and Estrella Johnson
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Contextual factors ,Personal factors ,Beliefs about teaching ,Institutional change ,Undergraduate education ,Teaching practices ,Education ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Theory and practice of education ,LB5-3640 - Abstract
Abstract Background Active learning used in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses has been shown to improve student outcomes. Nevertheless, traditional lecture-orientated approaches endure in these courses. The implementation of teaching practices is a result of many interrelated factors including disciplinary norms, classroom context, and beliefs about learning. Although factors influencing uptake of active learning are known, no study to date has had the statistical power to empirically test the relative association of these factors with active learning when considered collectively. Prior studies have been limited to a single or small number of evaluated factors; in addition, such studies did not capture the nested nature of institutional contexts. We present the results of a multi-institution, large-scale (N = 2382 instructors; N = 1405 departments; N = 749 institutions) survey-based study in the United States to evaluate 17 malleable factors (i.e., influenceable and changeable) that are associated with the amount of time an instructor spends lecturing, a proxy for implementation of active learning strategies, in introductory postsecondary chemistry, mathematics, and physics courses. Results Regression analyses, using multilevel modeling to account for the nested nature of the data, indicate several evaluated contextual factors, personal factors, and teacher thinking factors were significantly associated with percent of class time lecturing when controlling for other factors used in this study. Quantitative results corroborate prior research in indicating that large class sizes are associated with increased percent time lecturing. Other contextual factors (e.g., classroom setup for small group work) and personal contexts (e.g., participation in scholarship of teaching and learning activities) are associated with a decrease in percent time lecturing. Conclusions Given the malleable nature of the factors, we offer tangible implications for instructors and administrators to influence the adoption of more active learning strategies in introductory STEM courses.
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- 2022
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47. Preventive plasmapheresis for rituximab related flare in cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
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Léa Fornero, Tarik Kanouni, Jean-Jacques Tudesq, Camille Pochard, Pauline Verot, Wendy Renier, Ludovic Gabellier, Guillaume Cartron, Philippe Guilpain, and Charles Herbaux
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Vasculitis ,Croglobulinemia ,Plasmpaheresis ,Flare ,Immunity ,Outcome ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Introduction: Rituximab monotherapy represents the main therapeutic option for cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) with severe organ involvement. However, initial worsening of the CV, known as rituximab-associated CV flare (=CV flare), has been described and are associated with high mortality rates. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the outcomes of plasmapheresis initiated before or during rituximab treatment, as prevention of CV flare. Methods: We conducted a retrospecttive study in our tertiary referral center from 2001 to 2020. We have included all patients with CV receiving rituximab and divided them in two groups whether they had flare prevention by plasmapheresis or not. We evaluated rituximab-related CV flare incidence in both groups. CV flare was defined as the onset of a new organ involvement or worsening of the initial manifestations within 4 weeks following rituximab. Results: Among the 71 patients included, 44 received rituximab without plasmapheresis (control = CT cohort) and 27 received plasmapheresis before or during rituximab treatment (preventive plasmapheresis = PP cohort). PP was given to patients thought to have a high risk of CV flare, with significantly more severe diseases than patients in the CT cohort. Despite this, no CV flare was observed in the PP group. In the other hand, 5 flares occurred in the CT cohort. Conclusion: Our results show that plasmapheresis is efficient and well tolerated to prevent rituximab-associated CV flare. We believe that our data support the use of plasmapheresis in this indication, especially in patients with high risk of CV flare.
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- 2023
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48. Thermal Contributions to the Degradation of Teflon® FEP on the Hubble Space Telescope
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James R. Gaier, James K. Sutter, Jonathan David Gummow, Kim K. de Groh, Joyce A. Dever, Charles He, and Daniel A. Scheiman
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Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,Temperature cycling ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Thermal control ,law.invention ,Telescope ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Optics ,Fluorinated ethylene propylene ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,law ,Hubble space telescope ,Thermal ,Materials Chemistry ,Degradation (geology) ,0204 chemical engineering ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Space environment - Abstract
Metallized Teflon® fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) thermal control material on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is degrading in the space environment. Teflon® FEP insulation was retrieved during servicing missions, which occurred in 1993, 1997 and 1999. During the second servicing mission (SM2), the 5 mil aluminized-FEP (Al-FEP) outer layer of multilayer insulation (MLI) covering the telescope was found to be cracked in many locations around the telescope. Teflon® FEP retrieved during SM2 was more embrittled than the FEP retrieved 2.8 years later from a different location, during the third servicing mission (SM3A). Studies have been conducted to understand the degradation of FEP on HST, and the difference in the degree of degradation of FEP from each of the servicing missions. The retrieved SM2 material experienced a higher temperature extreme during thermal cycling (200 °C) than the first servicing mission (SM1) and SM3A materials (upper temperature of 50 °C), therefore an investigation on the effects of heating FEP was also conducted. Samples of pristine FEP and SM1, SM2 and SM3A retrieved FEP were heated to 200 °C and evaluated for changes in properties. Heating at 130 °C was also investigated because FEP bi-stem thermal shields are expected to cycle to a maximum temperature of 130 °C on-orbit. Tensile, density, x-ray diffraction crystallinity and differential scanning calorimetry data were evaluated. It was found that heating pristine FEP caused an increase in the density and practically no change in tensile properties. However, when as-retrieved space samples were heated, the density increased and the tensile properties decreased. Upon heating, all samples experienced an increase in crystallinity, with larger increases in the space-exposed FEP. These results indicate that irradiation of FEP in space causes chain scission, resulting in embrittlement, and that excessive heating allows increased mobility of space-environment-induced scissioned chains. Thermal exposure was therefore found to have a major impact on the extent of embrittlement of FEP on HST.
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- 2001
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49. Hubble Space Telescope Metallized Teflon ® FEP thermal Control Materials: On-Orbit Degradation and Post-Retrieval Analysis
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Patricia A. Hansen, Len Wang, Joyce A. Dever, Jacqueline A. Townsend, Charles He, Bruce A. Banks, and Kim K. de Groh
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Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,02 engineering and technology ,Temperature cycling ,Radiation ,medicine.disease_cause ,law.invention ,Telescope ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fluorinated ethylene propylene ,Optics ,020401 chemical engineering ,law ,Shield ,Materials Chemistry ,medicine ,0204 chemical engineering ,Stress concentration ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Layer (electronics) ,Ultraviolet - Abstract
During the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) second servicing mission (SM2), degradation of unsupported Teflon® FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene), used as the outer layer of the multilayer insulation (MLI) blankets, was evident as large cracks on the telescope light shield. A sample of the degraded outer layer was retrieved during the mission and returned to Earth for ground testing and evaluation. The results of the Teflon® FEP sample evaluation and additional testing of pristine Teflon® FEP led the investigative team to theorize that the HST damage was caused by thermal cycling with deep-layer damage from electron and proton radiation which allowed the propagation of cracks along stress concentrations, and that the damage increased with the combined total dose of electrons, protons, ultraviolet and x-ray radiation along with thermal cycling. This paper discusses the testing and evaluation of the retrieved Teflon® FEP.
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- 1999
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50. Splenic volume and splenic vein diameter are independent pre-operative risk factors of portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy: a retrospective cohort study
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Guillaume Péré, Hubert Basselerie, Charlotte Maulat, Armando Pitocco, Pierrick Leblanc, Antoine Philis, Charles Henri Julio, Géraud Tuyeras, Etienne Buscail, and Nicolas Carrere
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Splenectomy ,Portal thrombosis ,Post-operative morbidity ,Screening ,Lymphoma ,Splenic vein ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Abstract Background Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication following splenectomy. It affects between 5 and 55% of patients undergoing surgery with no clearly defined pre-operative risk factors. The aim of this study was to determine the pre-operative risk factors of PVT. Patients and method Single centre, retrospective study of data compiled for every consecutive patient who underwent splenectomy at Toulouse University Hospital between January 2009 and January 2019. Patients with pre- and post-surgical CT scans have been included. Results 149 out of 261 patients were enrolled in the study (59% were males, mean age 52 years). The indications for splenectomy were splenic trauma (30.9%), malignant haemopathy (26.8%) and immune thrombocytopenia (8.0%). Twenty-nine cases of PVT (19.5%) were diagnosed based on a post-operative CT scan performed on post-operative day (POD) 5. Univariate analysis identifies three main risk factors associated with post-operative PVT: estimated splenic weight exceeding 500 g with an OR of 8.72 95% CI (3.3–22.9), splenic vein diameter over 10 mm with an OR of 4.92 95% CI (2.1–11.8) and lymphoma with an OR of 7.39 (2.7–20.1). The role of splenic vein diameter with an OR of 3.03 95% CI (1.1–8.6), and splenic weight with an OR of 5.22 (1.8–15.2), as independent risk factors is confirmed by multivariate analysis. A screening test based on a POD 5 CT scan with one or two of these items present could indicate sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 86.7%. Conclusion This study suggests that pre-operative CT scan findings could predict post-operative PVT. A CT scan should be performed on POD 5 if a risk factor has been identified prior to surgery.
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- 2021
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