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The Academic Foundation Programme (AFP) provides themed posts in leadership and management; since 2015 two posts a year have been provided by Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust (TSDFT). Early leadership development in trainees is recognised as important1 2 but a lack of leadership opportunities for junior doctors remains.2 The program at TSDFT was in its infancy and was largely unstructured, allowing space for trainees to redesign, seek mentorship and explore opportunities. Our intervention included informally seeking mentorship from a deputy medical director at TSDFT, who was enthusiastic about promoting trainee leadership development and experienced in quality improvement. We met fortnightly for goal setting, collaboration and discussion about challenges within the field. Other experiences and achievements were mapped to the ‘Medical Leadership Competency Framework’3 facilitating reflection and inquiry about valuable elements of the program and highlighting areas where experience was lacking; allowing focused search for opportunities. Outcomes included TSDFT academic trainees being increasingly positive about the program, gaining structured approach to their academic time and improved productivity and accountability to peers and mentor. Trainees also described better understanding of local healthcare management and have led on projects aligned to the Trust’s priorities. Supporting trainees with interest in leadership and management remains challenging; unlike clinical competencies tangible demonstration of leadership development is difficult. AFPs in leadership and management provide a unique opportunity to support development of individuals with aptitude or interest, with reciprocal benefits for individuals and organisations. We recommend organisational leaders take responsibility for fostering environments where any trainee can develop leadership and management skills; current leaders should consider mentorship as part of their role as a clinical leader. References Francis R. Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry. Volume 1. London: The Stationery Office, 2013. Developing medical leadership toolkit, FMLM, July 2018. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/report-of-the-mid-staffordshire-nhs-foundation-trust-public-inquiry Hynes G, Peake L, Tweedie J. The state of medical leadership and management training for junior doctors; FMLM 2017 junior doctor survey 2017. Available at: https://pgme.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/The-state-of-medical-leadership-and-management-training-for-junior-doctors.pdf The Royal Colleges.Medical Leadership Competency Framework Enhancing Engagement in Medical Leadership Third Edition, July 2010. Available at: https://www.leadershipacademy.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/NHSLeadership-Leadership-Framework-Medical-Leadership-Competency-Framework-3rd-ed.pdf

Summary This is the first English translation of Pierre Bayle's political pamphlet, Ce que c'est que la France toute catholique of 1686. Now that Bayle has received renewed attention from scholars such as Jonathan Israel and Gianluca Mori, it is time to introduce his political ideas to English-speaking readers who cannot read the original. And although a selection of the political writings from the Historical and Critical Dictionary has been published, much of Bayle's political thought has not been translated. This translation complements recent editions of Bayle's Thoughts on the Comet and Philosophical Commentary, along with a forthcoming translation of his Conversations Between Maxime and Themiste. A substantial introduction explores the context and reviews scholarly interpretations, and notes to the text explain references.

Confrontant le projet metaphysique des «Dialogues entre Hylas et Philonous» au sceptisme dogmatique des «Recherches sur l'entendement humain», l'A. decrit un dialogue imaginaire entre Berkeley et Hume, traitant de l'idealisme et de la religion, du dualisme esprit-corps, des qualites sensibles et de l'entendement, de la perception et des sensations, des idees et des erreurs, de l'experience et de la causalite, de la nature et du realisme.