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Aims Left ventricular pressure overload is associated with activation of the cardiac renin–angiotensin system, which may contribute to myocardial fibrosis and worse clinical outcomes. We sought to assess the association between treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) at baseline and clinical outcomes in patients with symptomatic, severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in the PARTNER 2 trial and registries. Methods and results A total of 3979 intermediate, high, or prohibitive risk patients who underwent TAVR in the PARTNER 2 trial and registries (excluding the valve in valve registry) were included in the study. Clinical outcomes at 2 years were compared according to baseline ACEI/ARB treatment status using Kaplan–Meier event rates and study-stratified multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using propensity score matching. Of 3979 patients who were included in the current analysis, 1736 (43.6%) were treated and 2243 (56.4%) were not treated with ACEI/ARB at baseline. Treatment with ACEI/ARB was associated with lower 2-year all-cause mortality (18.6% vs. 27.5%, P  < 0.0001), cardiovascular mortality (12.3% vs. 17.9%, P  < 0.0001), and non-cardiovascular mortality (7.2% vs. 11.7%, P  < 0.0001). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/ARB treatment at baseline remained independently associated with a lower hazard of 2-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality after multivariable adjustment, and propensity score matching. Conclusion In a large cohort of patients with severe symptomatic AS from the PARTNER 2 trial and registries, ACEI/ARB treatment at baseline was independently associated with a lower risk of 2-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Open in new tab Download slide Open in new tab Download slide [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Moderate or worse paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) post transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is associated with increased mortality. The mechanisms by which this occurs are not fully understood., Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism by which PVR leads to worse outcomes., Methods: A total of 1,974 intermediate-risk patients who received TAVR in the PARTNER 2 trial and registries were grouped by PVR severity. Clinical and echocardiographic outcomes were compared., Results: Overall 1,176 (60%) patients had none/trace, 680 (34%) had mild, and 118 (6%) had ≥moderate PVR. At two years, ≥moderate PVR patients had increased risks of all-cause (HR 2.33 [1.41-3.85], p-value=0.001) and cardiovascular death (HR 3.30 [1.74-6.28], p-value <0.001), rehospitalisation (HR 2.68 [1.57-4.58], p-value <0.001), and reintervention (HR 14.72 [3.13-69.32], p-value <0.001). Moderate or worse PVR was associated with larger increases in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and systolic dimensions and volumes, LV mass indices, and reductions in LV ejection fractions (LVEFs) from 30 days to two years. Mild PVR was not associated with worse outcomes. Adjusting for LV dimensions and LVEF from the one-year echocardiogram, patients with ≥moderate PVR still had an increased risk of all-cause death or rehospitalisation at two years (HR 2.84 [1.25-5.78], p-value=0.009)., Conclusions: Moderate or worse PVR, but not mild PVR, is associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death, rehospitalisation, and reintervention at two years. Moderate or worse PVR is also associated with adverse LV remodelling, which partially mediates how ≥moderate PVR leads to worse outcomes. These results provide dual insights on the deleterious impact of ≥moderate PVR and the contributing mechanisms of poor clinical outcomes.

Objective: To characterize patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a large New York City (NYC) medical center and describe their clinical course across the emergency department (ED), inpatient wards, and intensive care units (ICUs)., Design: Retrospective manual medical record review., Setting: NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center (NYP/CUIMC), a quaternary care academic medical center in NYC., Participants: The first 1000 consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19., Methods: We identified the first 1000 consecutive patients with a positive RT-SARS-CoV-2 PCR test who first presented to the ED or were hospitalized at NYP/CUIMC between March 1 and April 5, 2020. Patient data was manually abstracted from the electronic medical record., Main Outcome Measures: We describe patient characteristics including demographics, presenting symptoms, comorbidities on presentation, hospital course, time to intubation, complications, mortality, and disposition., Results: Among the first 1000 patients, 150 were ED patients, 614 were admitted without requiring ICU-level care, and 236 were admitted or transferred to the ICU. The most common presenting symptoms were cough (73.2%), fever (72.8%), and dyspnea (63.1%). Hospitalized patients, and ICU patients in particular, most commonly had baseline comorbidities including of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. ICU patients were older, predominantly male (66.9%), and long lengths of stay (median 23 days; IQR 12 to 32 days); 78.0% developed AKI and 35.2% required dialysis. Notably, for patients who required mechanical ventilation, only 4.4% were first intubated more than 14 days after symptom onset. Time to intubation from symptom onset had a bimodal distribution, with modes at 3-4 and 9 days. As of April 30, 90 patients remained hospitalized and 211 had died in the hospital., Conclusions: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 illness at this medical center faced significant morbidity and mortality, with high rates of AKI, dialysis, and a bimodal distribution in time to intubation from symptom onset., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Disclosures: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form and declare: no support from any organization for the submitted work; no competing interests with regards to the submitted work. MMS reports grants from Amgen, outside the submitted work. JJC reports personal fees from Allergan, outside the submitted work. RGB reports grants from Alpha1 Foundation and COPD Foundation, outside the submitted work. GH reports grants from Janssen Research, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors MGA, SLB, CLS, JRT, KN, RC, MRB, BPC, NG, PG, AMM, AAP, MSR, NWS, SS, MDS, KN, PAA, FMB, RB, MFC, MIC, LAC, JHD, LBD, SAD, KAE, ZPG, DTG, AAH, NH, SH, LEK, EL, AL, AYS, ACS, ZES, CPS, YX, HWZ, and RL have nothing to disclose.