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In order to reduce the axial force of the semi-open centrifugal pump with low specific speed, the influencing factors of the axial force of the semi-open centrifugal pump are analyzed and studied by means of orthogonal experiment by combining numerical analysis. The blade tip clearance and balance hole diameter are selected as experimental factors, and each factor takes 5 levels to carry out orthogonal design. SST k-ω Turbulence equation is used to calculate the axial force of the semi-open centrifugal pump. According to the comparison between the calculated results and the experimental results of the original model, it is found that the head and efficiency change within 5%, so the numerical simulation method is feasible. Based on L25 (5²) orthogonal table, 25 groups of experimental schemes are designed, and the optimal scheme is obtained by analyzing the numerical simulation results of 25 groups of experimental schemes. The results show that by reducing the tip clearance and establishing the balance hole, the back cavity pressure increases significantly, and the axial force of the centrifugal pump decreases greatly, the maximum reduction is 440.59 N, accounting for 45.6% of the total axial force of the original model. At the same time, it has little effect on pump performance, efficiency only reduces by 3.76%, and the head reduces by only 0.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accumulating evidence implicates the neuroendocrine immunomodulation (NIM) network in the physiopathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Notably, we previously revealed that the NIM network is dysregulated in the PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1 ΔE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mouse model of AD., Methods: After treatment with a novel Liuwei Dihuang formula (LW-AFC), mice were cognitively evaluated in behavioral experiments. Neuron loss, amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, and Aβ level were analyzed using Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, and an AlphaLISA assay, respectively. Multiplex bead analysis, a radioimmunoassay, immunochemiluminometry, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure cytokine and hormone levels. Lymphocyte subsets were detected using flow cytometry. Data between two groups were compared using a Student's t test. Comparison of the data from multiple groups against one group was performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Dunnett's post hoc test or a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with a Tukey multiple comparisons test., Results: LW-AFC ameliorated the cognitive impairment observed in APP/PS1 mice, including the impairment of object recognition memory, spatial learning and memory, and active and passive avoidance. In addition, LW-AFC alleviated the neuron loss in the hippocampus, suppressed Aβ deposition in the brain, and reduced the concentration of Aβ 1-42 in the hippocampus and plasma of APP/PS1 mice. LW-AFC treatment also significantly decreased the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in the pituitary. Moreover, LW-AFC increased CD8 + CD28 + T cells, and reduced CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T cells in the spleen lymphocytes, downregulated interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-23, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α and -β, and upregulated IL-4 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the plasma of APP/PS1 mice., Conclusions: LW-AFC ameliorated the behavioral and pathological deterioration of APP/PS1 transgenic mice via the restoration of the NIM network to a greater extent than either memantine or donepezil, which supports the use of LW-AFC as a potential agent for AD therapy.

Repetitive transcranial of magnetic stimulation (rTMS), as a new electrophysiological technique, has been used in treating neurological and psychiatric diseases in clinical. In recent years, rTMS has also been employed to explore the treatment options for post stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Studies showed that rTMS was beneficial to recovery of post-stroke aphasia, improvement of memory dysfunction and alleviation of hemispatial neglect. Moreover, it is safe for patient within the recommended parameters of safety guidance. rTMS exerts therapeutic effects by interfering with the reconstruction of cortical network, improving the cerebral blood flow and metabolism, adjusting the ion balance by modulating cortical excitability. In addition, rTMS could enhance synaptic plasticity, inhibit the apoptosis, and regulate the transmission of a variety of neurotransmitters. It was reviewed that the basic principles of rTMS, the efficacy, safety and mechanism of rTMS in the treatment of PSCI, as well as the current problems and prospects in this paper.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the scientific therapeutics derived from the traditional Chinese physician's considerable clinical practice during the long history, with the characteristic of significant clinical therapeutic effects. The therapeutic philosophy of TCM is integrative medicine and pattern differentiation. The ideas of systems biology on the study of TCM were formed after the micro-and macro-outcome of systems biology being used into the practice of study on TCM. It is very important for the inheritance and development of TCM to disclose the basic mechanism of the clinical therapeutic effects of TCM and find new drugs, from the herbal preparation, pharmacology and pharmacokinetic to drug development using modern science technologies based on the theory of TCM.

Acupuncture is a medical technique with national and cultural characteristics in traditional Chinese medicine with a less adverse reaction and obvious therapeutic effect. Modern medical theoretical basis about acupuncture treating many diseases is preliminarily discovered accompanying with the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. This paper reviewed advances of the studies on the mechanisms of acupuncture treatment, and acupuncture treating pain, nausea and vomiting, neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and so on in recent years abroad.

Calsyntenins (Cst) comprise a family of transmembrane proteins with the unique potential to link extracellular proteolytic activity with intracellular Ca2+ signaling. It is a molecular class of calcium binding protein, which can bind calcium ion and being involved in signal transduction and cell communication. It contains three members, calsyntenin-1, calsyntenin-2 and calsyntenin-3, which are postsynaptic membrane proteins and predominantly expressed in brain neurons. Each of the three calsyntenins exhibits a distinct neuronal mRNA expression pattern. The three calsyntenins exhibit the highest degree of structural diversity. The calsyntenin-1 is located in the postsynaptic membrane of CNS synapses and a proteolytically processed protein of the postsynaptic membrane with a calcium-binding cytoplasmic domain. Calsyntenin-1 is a dynamic modulator of postsynaptic calcium by extracellular proteolysis. Calsyntenin-1 may modulate Ca2+ transients locally either beneath the postsynaptic membrane or around intracellular Ca2+ stores, such as LTP and LTD. Recent studies showed that impairment of the coordinated metabolic regulation of APP and calsyntenins and the consequent loss of the reciprocal regulation by APP and calsyntenins in the gene transactivation could lead to neural disorders and disease progression in AD. This is important to disclose the mechanism of AD and develop new drugs for treating AD.

Alzheimer' s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. AD is an invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorder with no effective treatment. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) is a model for studying age-related cognitive impairments and also is a good model to study brain aging and one of mouse model of AD. The technique of cDNA microarray can monitor the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously and can be used to study AD with the character of multi-mechanism, multi-targets and multi-pathway. In order to disclose the mechanism of AD and find the drug targets of AD, cDNA microarray containing 3136 cDNAs amplified from the suppression subtracted cDNA library of hippocampus of SAMP8 and SAMR1 was prepared with 16 blocks and 14 x 14 pins, the housekeeping gene beta-actin and G3PDH as inner conference. The background of this microarray was low and unanimous, and dots divided evenly. The conditions of hybridization and washing were optimized during the hybridization of probe and target molecule. After the data of hybridization analysis, the differential expressed cDNAs were sequenced and analyzed by the bioinformatics, and some of genes were quantified by the real time RT-PCR and the reliability of this cDNA microarray were validated. This cDNA microarray may be the good means to select the differential expressed genes and disclose the molecular mechanism of SAMP8's brain aging and AD.