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In 1913, the Royal Commission on Indian Affairs (rcia) for the Province of British Columbia (also known as the McKenna-McBride or Indian Commission) ruled that an island reserve of the Tsawout and Tseycum First Nations of the W̱SÁNEĆ should be surrendered and sold to the province for the purposes of a bird sanctuary. In accordance with both the federal Indian Act and assurances repeatedly made at meetings with Indigenous leaders, the commission sought consent for the sale from what was then the Saanich Band of Indians. To their surprise and consternation, the W̱SÁNEĆ said no, becoming the only First Nation to successfully withhold approval and reject a decision of the royal commission. While the Bare Island Bird Sanctuary was never created, the provincial and federal governments subsequently colluded to change the law and break their promise, and, in 1920, the recommendations of the rcia's General Report were enacted entirely without Indigenous consent. The campaign for the Bare Island Bird Sanctuary is a study of the micro-dynamics of land dispossession; an examination of the violence of a thousand cuts that brought about settler-colonial jurisdiction over Indigenous land. The failure of the Bare Island Bird Sanctuary is the exception that proves the rule, illustrating how conservation and consent were both subordinated to the settler governments' efforts to distribute Indigenous territory profitably amongst themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the late 1940s to the late 1950s, the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) turned vigorously to the Arctic archipelago, expanding and confirming the colonial premise that the islands of the High Arctic were an extractive frontier for oil and gas. In this paper, the first of a planned pair, we show how the efforts of the GSC were hugely consequential for subsequent corporate hydrocarbon exploration, but were also intimately entangled with other, concurrent strands of militarization and Arctic colonialism. Numerous histories celebrate GSC geologists as heroic pioneers of extraction and northern field science. Both the militarization of the Arctic in the 1950s and the concurrent, infamous High Arctic Relocations have been discussed at length. This paper has a more precise, interstitial objective: to show that the GSC's fieldwork depended on both the infrastructure of Cold War geopolitics and the labour of Inuit who were moved to the region under duress—particularly to the new community of Qausuittuq (Resolute). Regardless of specific commercial outcomes, the version and vision of the Arctic installed by the GSC continues to foreground certain future geographies of the archipelago, while forestalling or marginalizing others. Key messages: The intensive efforts of the Geological Survey of Canada in the middle of the 20th century solidified the southern understanding of the Arctic archipelago as a potential extractive frontier.This mid‐century geological fieldwork was entangled with Cold War militarization and dependent on the coerced relocation of Inuit to the High Arctic.The practices and productions of this fieldwork continue to shape some versions of the Arctic future while forestalling or marginalizing others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses Oliver Cromwell Cox's criticisms of the application of the concept of caste to understand race relations in the southern states of the Unite States. It proposes that there are deep similarities in the experiences of Dalits in India and Blacks in the United States, but argues that these derive from the modern construction of caste and race in the conjunction of colonialism and capitalism. In each case, the problems do not derive from the resilience of 'pre-modern' social structures, but from modern structures of colonialism that continue in the post-civil war United States and post-independence India. They are problems of democracy, not problems to be solved by the application of democratic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les jeunes lesbiennes, gais, bisexuel·les, trans, queers, bispirituel·les ou autres (LGBTQ2+) vivent davantage d’instabilité résidentielle que les jeunes cishétérosexuel·les. Si ce constat est bien connu, la variation des expériences d’instabilité résidentielle au sein des jeunes LGBTQ2+ reste moins documentée. Cet article présente une démarche intersectionnelle quantitative pour explorer les variations dans le vécu d’instabilité résidentielle auprès d’un échantillon pancanadien en ligne de 2266 jeunes LGBTQ2+ âgé·es de 15 à 29 ans. Les modèles de régression logistique réalisés sur les croisements du groupe racial avec l’identité de genre ou l’orientation sexuelle révèlent que les positions minorisées sur les axes du sexisme, du cissexisme, du monosexisme, du binarisme de genre et du racisme/colonialisme étaient davantage associées à un vécu d’instabilité résidentielle. Ainsi, les jeunes trans autochtones et les jeunes pansexuel·les autochtones étaient les plus susceptibles d’avoir vécu de l’instabilité résidentielle, alors que les hommes cisgenres blancs et les jeunes monosexuel·les blanc·hes l’étaient le moins. Aucun effet d’interaction multiplicative et additive n’a été observé lors de combinaisons d’un groupe racial avec une identité de genre ou une orientation sexuelle, suggérant que les impacts individuels de ces positions sociales sur le vécu d’instabilité résidentielle ont tendance à se cumuler sans toutefois s’influencer mutuellement. Ces résultats comblent une lacune dans les écrits scientifiques et peuvent informer les instances décisionnelles afin de prévenir l’instabilité résidentielle chez les jeunes LGBTQ2+.

The colonial and imperialist foundations of Canadian museums have resulted in a near erasure of Black stories from the national narrative. This article documents and analyzes the participatory processes, collaborations and community rebuilding that made up the decolonial curatorial practice and museological model of Hope Meets Action: Echoes Through the Black Continuum, the story of Afro-diasporic "British Columbia" history, past, present and future. Staged at the Royal British Columbia Museum, the exhibition was, told, curated, and artistically designed by Black voices to reclaim the complicated history of stolen people on stolen lands, and the contributions of Black leaders as they echo across the centuries into the present. The exhibition choreographed the myriad community voices who shaped it. Black activism, questions of Black identity, commentary on the Black spectacle, Black bodies, and Black women, in particular, were set against the white-centring colonial walls of this provincial museum, thus creating an experiential space to challenge the myth of "museum neutrality," assert the rights to self-defined Black presence. and strain the line between performance and presentation. This article documents the processes, lessons learned, and insights to encourage the difficult work of Black activism, resistance, and transformation in museums and Black performance spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French colonialism tried to eliminate the components and the identity of the Algerian people. In doing so, it adopted profound plans, colonialist discourses, and criminal acts whose psychological and physical consequences transmitted through generations. As a response, our intellectuals raised awareness and were desperate to engage in civilizational resistance in response to the nation’s call. They exposed the falsity of the civilizational message as well as the adopted policy of integration. Sheikh Mohamed Bachir El Ibrahimi, one of the leaders of the Algerian Muslim Scholars Association emphasizes in his reformist speeches the separation of the Algerian ego from the French colonialist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, national historic sites have played a major role in helping shape the historical narrative in western Canada and throughout the country. In this Forum article I examine how heritage is defined and assess the way the early commemoration of historic sites in the west, including fur trade posts and battle sites associated with the North-West Resistance of 1885, set a conventional direction for what was important in western Canadian history and, just as significantly, what was not. I investigate the changing and at one time progressive role of historical research in Parks Canada, the agency responsible for managing these sites. I consider the later attempts by the agency to refute this innovative research in favour of a return to original, authorized, and archetypal colonialist messages, at the same time narrowing the scope of historical interpretation. Although very recent initiatives have attempted to broaden historic site interpretation in the West, Parks Canada is still faced with attempting to use commemorated and celebrated colonial spaces to communicate post-colonial messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of French Journal of British Studies / Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique is the property of Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes en Civilisation Britannique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To thrive along the Mackenzie and Yukon rivers in the nineteenth century required expertise rooted in generations of living on the land, along with some good fortune. Arriving in greater numbers after mid-century, many fur traders and missionaries lacked the skills to sustain themselves and keep their hunger at bay. These failures, combined with a colonial focus on agriculture and its limits in the North, served to create a nineteenth-century culture of food insecurity. Where northern Indigenous stories about hunger reassured, protected, educated, and enriched, colonial stories about hunger often stoked fear and anxiety; they described northern places as impoverished and unreliable. This essay explores this early culture of food insecurity through stories told by Oblate missionaries about their failed hunts, conflicts between traders and missionaries over securing land for gardens, accounts of starvation, "fasting," and their interpretation, and the experience of one exceptionally hard winter (1888–89) which reinforced southern perceptions of the North as an intrinsically harsh environment and food-insecure place. The essay closes with an examination of the impacts of the whaling industry on caribou hunting among the Gwich'in and Inuvialuit to demonstrate how colonial extraction created new forms of food scarcity, foreshadowing the environmental impacts of twentieth-century resource exploitation. This article argues that food insecurity was both a cultural expression and ecological consequence of nineteenth-century colonialism in the North. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entre 1679 et 1680, Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy, entreprend un séjour en Espagne dont elle tire sa Relation du Voyage d'Espagne (1691). La réalité de ce voyage et les anecdotes relatées semblent souvent s'apparenter aux contes de fées pour lesquels d'Aulnoy est restée célèbre. Cependant, le public dévore cet aperçu dépaysant de la culture espagnole qui donne fréquemment l'occasion à des comparaisons favorables à la France. Mêlant considérations pratiques, anecdotes dramatiques et stéréotypes exotiques sur les Espagnols, ce récit décrit aussi en détail le fonctionnement de la société espagnole et son gouvernement, sur le territoire espagnol comme dans les colonies des Indes Occidentales. À travers l'examen des descriptions des colonies espagnoles, de la consommation des produits coloniaux, et du traitement des personnes colonisées et esclavisées, cet article se propose de reconsidérer la Relation du Voyage d'Espagne comme un témoignage de l'imaginaire colonial et de la relation de l'Europe à la colonisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alternative Francophone is the property of Alternative Francophone and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Canadian Studies is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Canadian Studies is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cet article présente le projet qui a conduit les auteurs à traduire le premier texte de fiction littéraire jamais publié dans une langue autochtone du Canada, la langue des Inuit. Intitulé Uumajursiutik unaatuinnamut, ce texte de Markoosie Patsauq a paru en 1969-1970 dans la revue Inuktitut. Nos recherches ont démontré que ce texte n’avait jamais été traduit, au sens rigoureux du terme. Le livre intitulé Harpoon of the Hunter, publié dès 1970 par McGill-Queen’s University Press, signé par Markoosie Patsauq lui-même, en est une adaptation, demandée et éditée par l’auteur de littérature jeunesse James H. McNeill. Avant que nous n’examinions le manuscrit d’origine, l’intégralité des traductions et des recherches menées sur l’œuvre de Markoosie Patsauq s’étaient fondées sur l’adaptation anglaise, sans aucune prise en compte des circonstances entourant la publication de cette adaptation, ni du sens du texte en inuktitut. Une traductrice estime pourtant que nos traductions témoignent d’un manque de respect envers Markoosie Patsauq, qualifiant notre projet de « colonialiste ». Nous répondons à cette accusation et donnons un exemple du travail effectué à partir de l’unique manuscrit d’origine.

This article is an analysis of the evolution and changes that occurred in public procurement in Malaysia from two eras, namely the era of British colonialism and the era of the implementation of the New Economic Policy (NEP). The targeted objective is to examine the changes that occurred in public procurement during the period, analyze the reasons and factors why those changes occurred and then the impact that was left behind. This is important because the public procurement policy in those two periods has become the basis of the government procurement system in Malaysia today. Political and the direction of the government were found to play a role in shaping the form of public procurement in both eras and it was systematically legitimized. The British have made public spending run according to their mold and direction even though the sultan is still the supreme ruler of a state. Through the term “advising” versus “directing” in managing the administration, the British established the Federal Assembly as a legitimate control tool to govern and dominate the financial administration in their colonial states. Crown agents played an important role in public procurement representing the supreme British government in London and this continued until after independence. NEP which was launched in 1971 witnessed an important transition where there was a clear role for the government by being more actively involved in the national development agenda through public procurement. This happens through affirmative policies in the form of legislation, bureaucratic frameworks and quota systems. This has had an impact on the country’s public procurement policy until now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le réalisateur français Jean Noël Pascal-Angot a développé une activité importante de production de cinéma de propagande au Portugal et dans ses colonies pendant les décennies de 1960 et 1970, au travers de son société franco-belge International Audio Vision. Cependant, son parcours professionnel et de vie avant et après son séjour au Portugal resta un mystère pendant des décennies. Cet article contient une analyse détaillée de sa biographie, de son activité professionnelle et des travaux de ses équipes franco-belges dans les colonies portugaises. Cette recherche vise à contribuer, avec une source d’information détaillée, pour des études plus analytiques et critiques sur l’œuvre de Pascal-Angot, en particulier, et sur le cinéma de propagande colonial européen, en général.

L’œuvre de Didier Daeninckx s’étend sur plus de trois décennies, avec une multitude de romans, d’adaptations, de nouvelles, etc. Nous allons focaliser sa production au tournant des années 1990, qui est marquée par la fin du cycle de roman policiers consacrés à l’inspecteur Cadin et par l’ouverture sur de nouveaux genres (la nouvelle par exemple) et de nouveaux thèmes (la culture coloniale par exemple). Même si Daeninckx n’est pas un représentant iconique de la culture pop à cette époque, il joue néanmoins un rôle important dans l’émergence de la culture populaire dans le paysage littéraire et plus largement culturel français et ce de trois façons différentes. Du point de vue générique, Daeninckx contribue à donner au genre du roman policier, souvent qualifié de paralittérature, de littérature populaire ou de littérature de masse, une nouvelle impulsion. En s’éloignant du roman à énigme qui caractérise les œuvres d’Agatha Christie ou de Gaston Leroux et en reprenant et élaborant la veine plus sombre du roman noir élaborée par les romanciers américains (Hammet, Chandler) et, dans le domaine francophone, par Georges Simenon, Daeninckx écrit ses romans policiers dans une tonalité plus réaliste. A travers cette approche réaliste contemporaine du roman policier, Daeninckx opère souvent un travail de mémoire, puisque l’enquête policière ne découvre pas seulement les raisons et les responsabilités d’un crime individuel. Si Daeninckx peut de la sorte viser et dénoncer les silences politiques persistants au sujet de la collaboration ou de la colonisation, il veut aussi écrire une culture (de front) populaire, ouvrière, socialiste ou communiste, en voie de disparition. Pour finir, la contribution de Daeninckx à la culture pop consiste à ouvrir son œuvre à des adaptations dans des supports caractéristiques de cette culture. Il n’a pas pour but d’enfermer le roman policier dans une logique de recherche de capital symbolique au sein du champ de la production restreinte et soutient volontiers des adaptations de son œuvre au cinéma, à la radio ou dans des bandes dessinées.

Background: In Canada, actors in industry, government, and civil society have proposed small modular reactors as a technological solution to climate change. Analysis: A quantitative and qualitative content analysis of New Brunswick's mainstream newspapers indicates a profound bias in favour of perspectives drawn from actors in industry and government. The sources underemphasize the risk profile of small modular reactors, delegitimize criticism, and promote a nuclear realist project tied to the imperatives of neoliberal capitalism and colonialism. Conclusions and implications: Disproportionate coverage of pro-nuclear sources from industry and government thwarts representative public deliberation. Indigenous nations, acting as counterpublics, challenge technocratic, colonial, and neoliberal discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the "Challenging Labour" / «Le défi du travail» conference held at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Alberta, in October 2022, two plenary sessions invited scholars to engage in a dialogue on important historical and theoretical issues in the field of labour and working-class history/studies. One of these, on the entanglement of capitalism and colonialism, featured a paper delivered by Bryan D. Palmer and a response from hagwil hayetsk (Charles Menzies). These presentations are revised for publication here along with a rejoinder from Palmer in what is Labour/Le Travail's first "Forum" section. The aim of this section is to foster conversation, with scholars meaningfully engaging with each other's work across disciplinary, methodological, theoretical, or other kinds of differences in approach and understanding. The merit of this kind of dialogue is well demonstrated here by Palmer and hayetsk, and the editors would invite more such conversations for publication in this section in future issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author comments on historian Bryan Palmer's paper about the history of Canada. Topics include the author's view on Palmer's intervention in his paper about the intersections and alliances between the struggle for national liberation and working-class emancipation, his provision of clarity for social change action that made his work critical, the intertwine of the history of colonialism and capitalism in Canada in the work, and comments on the four periods of Palmer's Canadian history.

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article proposes a theoliterary reading of the work The Plumed Serpent by David Herbert Lawrence. It is, in fact, a theological-political utopia, which seeks a restoration of religious experience that is partly syncretic, as a prophetic critique of colonialism. In this sense, revisiting this work can fuel a decolonial theological reflection, which allows us to rethink the place of religion in relation to culture and human experience in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'article propose une lecture théolittéraire de l’ouvrage Le Serpent à plumes de David Herbert Lawrence. Il s’agit en fait d’une utopie théologico-politique qui cherche à restaurer une expérience religieuse en partie syncrétique, comme une critique prophétique du colonialisme. En ce sens, revisiter l’œuvre peut alimenter une réflexion théologique décoloniale, qui permet de repenser la place de la religion par rapport à la culture et à l’expérience humaine en général.

Focusing on historical geographer Cole Harris' published contributions to scholarship, this article offers perspective on a long, productive, and influential career. It weighs the influence of contingency and context on Harris' oeuvre, points to some of the intellectual stimuli that shaped it, offers an initial assessment of its impacts, and considers how intellectual labour is shaped by the circumstances of its production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether leased or sold, Indigenous land provided the endowment capital for new universities in the nineteenth century. Many institutions of higher learning – including the universities of Toronto and Manitoba – began as large-scale landowners. By 1828, Toronto's university still held more than two hundred thousand acres of land, an area larger than the present-day city of Toronto. The extent of university landholding in settler societies, however, has often been missed because the land parcels assigned to universities were both larger than, and distinct from, their campuses. This article accordingly examines how landholding undergirded Canadian universities' development in the nineteenth century, taking the University of Toronto and the University of Manitoba as its focus. It argues that land was the essential ingredient in university building in both Ontario and Manitoba, linking these new universities' establishment and subsequent wealth to Indigenous dispossession. Using Indigenous land to finance higher education was not unique to these universities nor to Canada. Yet, across settler societies, university landholding made institutions of higher education the beneficiaries of Indigenous removal and agents of colonization. In addition, once in operation, these new universities would also produce knowledge about land and its cultivation. Inspired by the growing field of European agricultural science, Canadian universities with land endowments professionalized the study of branches of knowledge like agriculture and engineering, displacing Indigenous ways of being and thinking about land. The effect of this knowledge valuation is still felt today. The products of university agricultural research – from nitrogen fertilizers to hybridized corn – profoundly transformed landscapes and altered local ecologies in line with settler knowledge systems and desires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language & Law / Revista de Llengua i Dret is the property of Revista de Llengua i Dret and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to understand how colonial structures manifest and influence the concepts that deal with student agency in reference articles in the field of mathematics education. To this end, it analyzed student agency in mathematics education from the perspective of social justice, using as reference the contributions of Rochelle Gutiérrez and Jo Boaler, in addition to the notion of coloniality of power and knowledge proposed by Catherine Walsh. The methodology involved critical analysis that seeks to understand and question the structures of domination and power, based on the works of authors such as Eric Gutstein, Imani Goffney, Rochelle Gutiérrez, and Melissa Boston, Ubiratan D’Ambrósio, Marilyn Frankenstein, and Paola Valero, aiming to identify nuances and contradictions in relation to student agency. The main results revealed that even authors committed to social justice can reproduce hierarchical and oppressive views regarding students. Colonial structures were identified in various aspects, including the attribution of power and authority to the teacher, the reproduction of Eurocentric narratives, and the limitation of student agency. The critical analysis also highlighted the importance of considering how mathematics education can generate selection, exclusion, and segregation. The conclusions point to the need to deconstruct the colonial structures in education and promote a critical and reflective approach. It is essential to value the experiences, perspectives, and knowledge of students and thus build a more inclusive, equitable, and empowering mathematics education. The student agency should be strengthened and enable them to become active agents in the construction of knowledge and the fight for social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aquest article, a partir de l'anàlisi d'elements ideològics, estratègics i discursius de l'organització armada independentista Terra Lliure, proposa situar-la com a un intent d'aportació catalana la lluita anticolonial global. La investigació examina quins elements constitueixen el nucli del projecte polític de Terra Lliure, quines limitacions estableix per a adaptar el paradigma dels moviments d'alliberament nacional al seu context, i quines contradiccions apareixen en el procés. El treball utilitza principalment fonts primàries generades per la pròpia organització, que complementa amb entrevistes a alguns dels seus membres.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Law & Society/Revue Canadienne Droit et Societe (Cambridge University Press) is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article proposes a reflection on the fundamental role of mother tongue education for the human development of societies, either in Portuguese-Speaking African Countries (PALOP), in Portugal or in all countries of the world - there is only quality education when the school speaks the same language that most of its students speak at home, as recognized by the international scientific community, through UNESCO, since 1953. As a matter of fact, all countries that currently have a very high Human Development Index (HDI) use at school the language that most children use at home. Bearing in mind the importance of mother tongues for human development, the presence of African languages from PALOP countries on the internet and in each of the five societies is analyzed. On the one hand, the invisibility of the linguistic diversity of PALOP countries in digital tools with free global access and, on the other, the consistent and conscious process of replacing African languages with the Portuguese language aiming at eliminating the structural linguistic diversity of the five countries in question, show today's continuity of the Portuguese colonial policy of assimilation implemented in the 19th and 20th centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses past and present bioarchaeological practices and human remains management in Quebec; it focuses on the challenges of creating a bioarchaeological database during a two-phase project initiated in 2018-2019 by the Kahnawake Mohawk Council. Its goal was to help Indigenous communities engaged in repatriation and rematriation procedures. Key information regarding human remains' current location from the 2018 database served as the basis for a second phase in 2021. Of a total of 345 archaeological sites, storage location could only be confirmed for 35% of 228 Indigenous sites compared to 70% of 77 Euro-Canadian sites. Because Ancestors are the legal property of the finder, the landowner, or both, this missing information poses additional challenges to those wishing to initiate repatriation and rematriation claims. Years of non-Indigenous legal and scientific control created layers of colonial assessments. Current populations must rely on archaeological finds to assess whether they are Ancestors' "legitimate next-ofkin." In the meantime, Ancestors remain stored. We show how these problems stem from Quebec's colonial archaeological practices and legal frameworks. We then draw on reciprocity-based archaeology to suggest new ways of taking care of Ancestors that respect Indigenous communities' beliefs and that involve Indigenous communities in caring for their Ancestors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of French Journal of British Studies / Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique is the property of Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes en Civilisation Britannique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In December 2022, the Supreme Court of Canada heard arguments in a reference case about the constitutionality of An Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families (the Act). At issue is whether the Act infringes on provincial jurisdiction and changes the constitutional architecture by giving First Nations law governing child welfare the force of federal law. In this short Currents article, we argue that the Supreme Court's consideration of the Act marks a critical juncture in the ongoing relationship between Canadian and Indigenous law. Through an examination of the arguments made before the Supreme Court, we assert that it is essential that the Court move beyond its historical commitments to protecting the Constitution and umpiring jurisdictional disputes and toward a recognition of the failures of the constitutional framework to account for an expansive understanding of inherent rights and inherent jurisdiction, including child welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current methodological paradigm for addressing water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) inaccessibility in rural sub-Saharan Africa is achieving insufficient progress. This essay evaluates WaSH-related policy, programming, and discourse from 1918 to 2021 to identify how this paradigm evolved and how it may reform. I argue that political–economic environments have strongly influenced existing sectoral praxis, shaping both programmatic methods and means. Colonial occupations generated rural–urban material inequalities, which were maintained and exacerbated during postwar reconstruction (1950–1970) and the proliferation of neoliberalism (1970–1990s). Meanwhile, modernization theory, a fundamental feature of colonial thought, has persisted discursively and practically. That is, rural resource limitations led WaSH practitioners to promote lower-cost appropriate technologies in the 1980s. Then, with challenges regarding technological disuse and misuse, behavior change–oriented methodologies responsively emerged in the 2000s and continue today. Yet, much like colonial predecessors, this latter turn presupposes that its programmatic benefactors must adapt to access WaSH services. Behavior change programs thus fail to critically consider the role of technological inadequacies and associated risk exposures in perpetuating existing inequities. Investigation of utility-style service models, where WaSH services adapt to the lives of its benefactors and behavioral persuasion is substituted for nonuser technological management, is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the ways in which racial categories were invented, manipulated and represented through the medium of cartography during the nineteenth century. Drawing on the collection of nineteenth and early twentieth century European and American atlases in the Library of Congress, this paper examines the history of racial mapping. It traces the changes in colors, boundaries, and regions in order to analyze the interrelations between the constraints of mapping, pseudo-scientific racial theories, and contemporary political contexts. The resulting maps were more than visual reproductions of racial ideologies; they reshaped racial theories into coherent spatial taxonomies, which were then distributed and popularized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article re-examines the common understanding of heroism in Rachid Bouchareb's 2006 film Days of Glory (Indigènes). It challenges the premise that the four Maghrebian infantrymen at the centre of the picture are in fact fighting in the French ranks in order to primarily serve mainland France. Stylistic, rhetoric and filmic analyses of the film will show that, instead, enrolling in the French army provides the Arab soldiers with an opportunity to – paradoxically – assert their identity as free subjects. The result of this approach is twofold: while inscribing the protagonists of Days of Glory in the classical heroic tradition, where obedience and self-government are often complementary, it also expounds the director's militant desire to define the North African immigrant as both France's historical ally and an autonomous subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses humanitarian compassion within the Derridean notion of hospitality. Reflecting on the age of Imperial Humanitarianism where Evangelists formed administrative missions to save the souls of the slaves in the colonial provinces of Europe, it aims to address the link of compassion with Christianity and colonialism. Setting the Christian scene of humanitarianism, hospitality as a Derridean concept is introduced to depict that compassion and aid work in-between certain 'guest and host' territories. The impossibility of hospitality under these circumstances highlight the play of power relations in which the other is produced. While Derrida argues that hospitality cannot be power-balanced unless the language of the host is deconstructed, psychology in the humanitarian sector performs an 'emotional hospitality' which seeks to extract a story of confession. Ψ as method works to open a discussion on suffering, Christianity, and colonialism as a modern form of conversion: the confession of truth in a psychological discourse. Challenging compassion and aid as constituted in psychological discourse, this paper invites therapists to rethink the contextualisation under which these ideals emerged while introducing a discussion on what the language of psychology 'does' to refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Science Information is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Leisure/Loisir: Journal of the Canadian Association for Leisure Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Leisure/Loisir: Journal of the Canadian Association for Leisure Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les communautés francophones des Prairies, comme ailleurs au Canada, participent aux dynamiques liées au colonialisme d'où elles tirent leurs avantages relativement aux autres groupes linguistiques et d'où elles reprennent leurs structures internes qui tendent à favoriser les populations blanches et d'origines culturelles et religieuses européennes. Dans cet article, je vise à développer une conception dynamique du colonialisme en mettant l'accent sur le processus de colonisation et sa continuation contemporaine par la racialisation et la recolonisation. Pour ce faire, je m'appuie sur les travaux de Joyce Green et d'Himani Bannerji qui utilisent toutes deux les concepts de racialisation et de recolonisation et l'appliquent à des situations précises qui touchent tant aux peuples autochtones qu'aux personnes racialisées, nouvellement immigrées ou dont les familles sont établies depuis plusieurs générations. La présentation de chacun de ces concepts est suivie à chaque fois d'une application à la francophonie canadienne. De cette contribution avant tout philosophique à la compréhension de la place de la francophonie dans l'ordre colonial canadien ressort une relativisation des communautés francophones, où celles-ci sont certes minorisées sous certains aspects, mais bénéficient néanmoins des structures coloniales et raciales de l'État canadien et contribuent à les maintenir en place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a perspective on the lives of indigenous women in the context of the European conquest and colonization of the Caribbean, specifically on the island of Hispaniola. It integrates ethnohistorical information, published primary sources, secondary sources and results of archaeological research. The text articulates a general vision, which summarizes scattered and sometimes little-known data, reflecting the action of dominance over women, the complexity of the female experience in this universe, and also their capacities to face change and transmit the indigenous cultural legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discoursively glocal architectures play a key role in today’s architectural norms and forms. This is also the case in Portugal where modern pedigreed architecture harnesses some form of local tradition and cultural reification as credentials. This article argues this is partly rooted in the cultural discourses developed within the post-war colonial project of the Portuguese dictatorship (Estado Novo), intersecting modernization with imperial reorganization, and in which architectural modernist ideals of autonomy and liberty played a direct role. The article contends the appropriation of these ideals needs to be considered in a double light: as a sign of progress for a professional elite and as a new mask for an old and violent system of inequality. The article explores the colonial infra-structuring of post-war architectural knowledge, questioning the role of “virgin” landscapes in re-creating professional practice rallied by colonial modernization. The article examines how ethnographic processes were integrated into architectural creation, inspiring “culturally committed” forms of “Portuguese” modernism and imperialism. Offering a critique and cultural debate of the entanglements between architecture, anthropology, nation and empire, the article aims to contribute to architecture’s political history and to debates on the role of modern spatial practices in the creation of racial categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1956 oil was discovered in the Algerian Sahara. The discovery sparked a huge infrastructural investment from the French metropole, with wells, roads and residential areas rapidly constructed across the desert. The colonial state widely promoted these developments as vast social ‘improvements’. But their tangible impacts on local communities were widely overlooked or presupposed, thus affecting the society of the late colonial era in Algeria. This paper examines how the development of the oil industry impacted residents and shaped socio-spatial practices across the Algerian Sahara between 1952 and 1962. The analysis concentrates on how colonial directives and ideologies directly and indirectly shaped the oil sector and explores the corollary implications, focusing on local social structures, urban and infrastructural landscapes and ethnic and regional identity archetypes. As an industry with close links to the state, migratory labour and local communities, the paper posits that the oil sector provides a critical insight into both the lived realities and socio-political mechanisms of late colonial rule across the Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]