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Aselsan;et al.;Huawei;IEEE Signal Processing Society;IEEE Turkey Section;Netas, 26th IEEE Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, SIU 2018 -- 2 May 2018 through 5 May 2018, Three-dimensional structure prediction is one of the important problems in bioinformatics and theoretical chemistry. One of the most important steps in the three-dimensional structure prediction is the estimation of secondary structure. Improving the accuracy rate in protein secondary structure prediction depends on computed attributes as well as the classification algorithms. In multiple alignment methods, which are often used to extract an attribute, the calculated values differ according to the database used for the alignment. For this reason, it is important to use a suitable database against which the target proteins are aligned to compute profile feature vectors. In this study, 5 different datasets are generated for the CB513 benchmark with the aid of two different alignment methods and three different databases. The profile features are fed as input to a two-stage hybrid classifier. According to the experimental results, the highest accuracy rate is obtained when UniClust database is used at the first stage of HHBlits alignment to calculate PSSM values and NR database is used at the first stage of HHBlits alignment to calculate structural profile matrices. © 2018 IEEE.

Lipases (triacylglycerol hydrolases) are hydrolytic enzymes that can catalyze the hydrolysis of the ester bond of long-chain acylglycerols at the oil-water interface. The effects of stirring rate, aeration rate, and the amount of perfluorocarbon (PFC), as an oxygen carrier, in the nutrient media containing glucose or molasses sucrose as main carbon sources were investigated in a batch bioreactor. The maximum lipase activities in the media containing glucose or molasses sucrose as main C source were found to be 43.0 U/L and 102.83 U/L, respectively, at the stationary phase of growth (120th hour of fermentation), at 150 and 200 revolution per minute stirring rates, respectively. The effect of aeration rate on lipase activity was investigated in range of 1-4 vvm. The maximum lipase activities in the media containing glucose or molasses sucrose and 10% PFC were determined as 102.67 U/L, 171.20 U/L, respectively, at 2 vvm aeration rate., Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Kimya Mühendislii Bölümü, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey

Derman Medical Publishing, Aim: To asses the incidence of vertigo which occurs as a symptom of a neurological emergency. Material and Method: Emergency Room (ER) admissions with vertigo in a state hospital have been evaluated. Patients who have been consulted to a neurologist were included in the study. Demographical variables and the routine ER examination with cranial imagings of the necessary patients were investigated. Results: Three thousand five hundred and fifty-eight patients who were admitted with vertigo were analysed. Four hundred and nine of these patients were consulted to a neurologist. Eightysix of them underwent brain Computerized Tomography. Only 11 of the 86 imagings showed a lesion consistent with neurological emergency. Discussion: Vertigo is a very common symptom in ER. Considering the vast etiology of vertigo, besides being a symptom of severe neurological disorders it may even represent a somatiform disorder. The easiest and the least costing steps of ER examination like monitoring of blood glucose level, complete blood count, arterial blood pressure with neurological examination would prevent overuse of hospital sources and avoid consultation burden of neurologists. © 2012, Derman Medical Publishing. All rights reserved., Korkmaz, I.; Cumhuriyet Universitesi Tıp, Fakültesi Hastanesi Acil ServisTurkey; email: ilhankorkmaz100@hotmail.com

The present study was performed on 765 cattle obtained from three different slaughterhouses in Sivas, between April and May of 2005. Livers and lungs of those cattle were investigated for hydatid cysts. Out of 765 cattle, 273 (35.7%) were found to be hydatic cyst positive. On the other hand, 66 (8.6%) out of 765 cattle had hydatid cysts in their livers and 103 (13.5%) out of 765 were found to have cysts only in their lungs. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference in cystic hydatidosis according to gender and age group (p < 0.05). We compared and discussed our results from the point of human health and the loss of protein because of infected organs., Aciöz, M.email: mehmetacioz@hotmail.com

The presence of intestinal parasites was investigated in a total of one hundred twenty patients who were hospitalized in the Cumhuriyet University Hospital, Pediatric Service, between 1 March and 1 April 2005. Parasites were found in 8 out of 120 (6.7%) patients. Giardia intestinalis was found in 5 (4.2%) of the patients, Enterobius vermicularis in 2 (1.7%), and Taenia sp. in 1 (0.8%). No significant relationships were detected from the standpoint of height, weight and anemia parameters, when patients with parasites were compared to a non-infected group (P > 0.05), but eosinophile findings were high in the group with parasites, and finally, a significant statistical correlation were detected between parasite-eosinophile values (p < 0.05)., Can, T.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in primary school children in Sivas and to consider the changes in frequency and variety of intestinal parasites in the light of previous studies carried out since 1985. Specimens were examined by direct microscopy and staining. In addition, the relationship of intestinal parasites with physical development, success and socio-economic situation was investigated using surveys. Intestinal parasites were found in 191 (26.2%) of 730 stool specimens, 88 (12.9%) of cellophane tape specimens and parasites were found in both types of specimens obtained from 251 (37.1%) out of 677 students. The most common five parasite species were Giardia intestinalis (13.7%), Enterobius vermicularis (12.8%), Entamoeba coli (7.4%), Blastocystis hominis (2.2%) and Hymenolepis nana (1.2%). Intestinal parasites were most frequently detected in the Celtek Village Primary School (50.0%). This school was followed by Imranli YIBO School (45.7%), 60.Yil Primary School (36.3%) and Koyulhisar YIBO (21.3%) School. We found that there was no statistically important relationship between the occurrence of parasites with weight, length and success. It was related to the socioeconomic situation. Furthermore, in this region when the previous studies in similar age groups are considered, a decrease in intestinal parasites frequency and variety was revealed., Malatyali, E.email: emalatyali@cumhuriyet.edu.tr

Acanthamoeba spp. are among the most prevalent protozoa found in the environment. The species of this genus are the causative agents of granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), a fatal disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and amebic keratitis (AK), a painful sight-threatening disease of the eye. In this study we have used two species of Acanthamoeba, Acanthamoeba castellanii and A. hatchetti, both were obtained from Vienna, Austria. They were cultivated on non-nutritious agar seeded with Escherichia coli and PPYG (protease peptone-yeast extract-glucose) medium. Our aim was to concentrate on three points in relation to the trophozoites and cysts stages of these species as follows: (i) to observe their morphology, (ii). to confirm our previous observation of a canal between two trophozoites. The bridge-like connection between these trophozoites greatly resembled the one that can be observed in conjugation during an exchange of genetic material. Two tro-phozoites with a bridge-like extension between them keep their position for at least 200 minutes. (iii). to detect the reactions of trophozoites to various stains. According to our findings in regard to these three points: (i). trophozoites with more than one nucleus are often seen in axenic cultures. (ii). This resembles a type of conjugation with a transfer of genetic material between two trophozoites. Certainly, this needs further investigation using more sophisticated methods. (iii). trophozoites equally stained well with Heidenhain's iron haematoxylin, Giemsa, PAS, Masson Trichrome, and Toludin-O stains. However, our results with reticulin, PAP, Van Gison, Musicarmine and Orsein stains were not satisfactory.

Study was started in November 2005 and education practices and other activities have been realized between the dates of December 2005 and 5 January 2006. A wide group has been chosen from the students who are at the level of primary and secondary education to adults as a target mass to create awareness. Correspondences related to the subject have been done with Cumhuriyet University rector ship, Sivas governs ship, Sivas manager of education, Sivas mufti and essential otorizations got. Pictorial leaflets which introduce disease and explain infection and ways of protection are prepared and sent all province and county school by means of Manager of Education. Besides, lots of leaflet is distributed to tradesmen and public. Large sized posters are published about disease to make people aware of it. It is provided that these posters are distributed to all schools and mosques. Lectures are organized to introduce the disease and emphasize the ways of protection in five fixed center by two sessions. It is provided that 89 primary and secondary school students' attendance regularly with their teachers. Besides the working of society awareness, preparing executing and treating of control programs about cystic echinococcosis are other important and necessary stages.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used in the public health in some of treatments for years. The most important chemical compounds of garlic are sulphide (alisin, ajoen and diallysulphure) compounds. Allisin is described as antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and anticarsinogenic agent and many works practice on it. But its antiscolocidal effect has not been worked yet. In our work, whether garlic extract has effects both direct and daughter vesicules to protoscolex is searched. In the study during the surgery daughter vesicules and protoscolex which are acquired from liver cyst hydatique and extracts which obtained from garlic grown in the Kastamonu region are used. Viability determination is work at using 0.1% eozin solution. In 50% mg/ml concentration garlic extract to protoscolex' in 15 minutes, in 25% mg/ml concentration 20. minutes and 12.5% mg/ml concentration in 30 minutes have full effect. While it has full effect in 20. minutes to protoscolex into the vesicules within the 50% mg/ml 12.5 mg/ml concentration, there has been 80% viability in 40 minutes.

The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the incidence Trichomonas vaginalis in our area. The group under investigation consisted of gynecologic patients with various complaints who came to the Gynecology Polyclinic of the Cumhuriyet University Medical Hospital. Vaginal smears were taken from the posterior fornics of these patients. Three samples were taken from each person with sterile swaps. One of the samples was taken for cultivation, one for a direct preparation and the last for Giemsa staining. All of the slides and cultures were evaluated in the Medical Parasitology Research Laboratory. Sixty-one female patients were included in our investigation. Besides the primary complaints of 39 (63.9%) patients, there were also vaginal discharges and complaints of itching in the group under investigation. Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 2 patients (3.2%).

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the anesthetic offerts and peroperative tolerance: of remifentanil and alfentanil based total intravenous anesthesia (TI-VA). Materials and Methods: In this randomized, double-blinded study was applied at thirty patients of ASA physical status I and II who were scheduled for elective abdomen and urogenitale surgery lasting at least 2 h. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either remifentanil-propofol (group remifentanil) (n=15) or alfentanil-propofol (group alfentanil) (n-15). Anesthesia was induced with remifentanil 1 ?g kg-1 or alfentanil 40 ?g kg-1 with propofol 1.5 ?g kg-1 and maintained with infusion of propofol 70 ?g kg-1 dk-1 and either remifentanil 0.5 ?g kg-1 dk-1 or alfentanil 1 ?g kg-1 dk-1. In both groups, propofol infusions were constanted. Opioid dose was increased or decreased 50 % according to necessity. Hemodynamic parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate), extubation time, Aldrete recovery score, and consumption of remifentanil and alfentanil during operation were recorded. Frequency of nausea, vomiting and other side effects were recorded postoperatively. Results: Duration of operation and demographic data were similar among groups. The blood pressure and heart rate values of remifentanil group at tracheal intubation time were significantly higher than the alfentanil group (127.93±5.64 mmHg vs. 98.53±6.25 mmHg and 94.53±4.75 beat min-1 vs. 79.46±3.91 beat min-1, respectively) (p

The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of intestinal parasites in primary school children in the Alahaci Central Village in the Sivas province, but owing to high prevalence of parasites in soil, new stool specimens were taken from the same subject group after 6 months. In the first stage of investigation, stool samples from a total of 189 children were taken and examined. It was found that the 110 (58.2%) out of 189 subjects were infected with parasites. The distribution of parasites was determined to be as follows: Giardia intestinalis in 33 (17.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides in 30 (15.8%), Entamoeba coli in 17 (8.9%), Entamoeba histolytica in 10 (5.3%), Hymenolepis nana in 9 (%4.8%), Endolimax nana in 8 (4.2%), Blastocystis hominis in 2 (1.1%) and Iodamoeba butschlii in 1(0.5%). In the second stage of the investigation (after a 6 months break), stool samples obtained from a total of 175 children were examined and 73 (41.7 %) were found to be infected with parasites. The distribution of parasites was as follows: Giardia intestinalis in 17 (9.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides in 17 (9.7%), Entamoeba coli in 29 (16.6%), Entamoeba histolytica in 1 (0.6%), Hymenolepis nana in 1 (0.6%), Blastocystis hominis in 1 (0.6%), Trichuris trichiura in 1(0.6%) and Iodamoeba butschlii in 6 (3.4%). The lower prevalence observed during the second investigation (p < 0.05), shows the importance of education and treatment of children in the control of parasitic infections.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Pediculus in the countryside of the Sivas Province. The Alahaci village, which is one of the central villages, is about 50 km from the city center, and the students in the village primary school were investigated for the presence of head and body Pediculus. The presence of Pediculus species was investigated in 178 students, who included 104 males and 74 females with an age-range of 6-14 years. Even though head lice were seen in 17 (9.49%) of the 178 students under investigation, no body lice were detected. During the survey, no adult lice were seen and the presence of lice was shown by the presence of nits that had been left on the hairs by the female Pediculus capitis. Every hair on which nits were seen was cut and put individually in a package marked by the student's name. These packages were taken to the laboratory and the nits were examined under the microscope. Only 2 (1.92%) out of 104 males were positive, but 15 (20.27%) out of 74 females were found to be infested. Similar results were found by other workers who had a similar high prevalence rate in female students as in our present study. Nine out of the 17 positive cases were in the first grade. Since personal hygiene is not well developed in this age group, it is important to point out that a high incidence pediculosis is to be expected.

The purpose of this study was to examine tick infestation in cattle, sheep and goats in the Zara-Sivas region for one year and to determine the epizootiology of the tick species as well as to investigate treatment of the infested animals. Tick infestation was detected in 71 (29.6%) out of 240 cattle, 66 (24.0%) out of 275 sheep and 50 (19.9%) out of 252 goats in the Zara region. It has been shown that the tick infestation on cattle included Haemaphysalis parva (33.8%), Dermacentor marginatus (2.8%), Boophilus annulatus (21.1%), Haemaphysalis concinna (15.5%), Hyalomma marginatum (19.7%) and Rhipicephalus bursa (7%). Those on sheep included Dermacentor niveus (18.2%), Dermacentor marginatus (31.8%), Haemaphysalis parva (13.6%), Haemaphysalis concinna (4.5%), Hyalomma marginatum (4.5%) and Rhipicephalus bursa (27.3%). Those on goats included Dermacentor niveus (4%), Dermacentor marginatus (12%), Haemaphysalis parva (40%), Haemaphysalis concinna (2%), Boophilus annulatum (4%), Hyalomma marginatum (6%) and Rhipicephalus bursa (32%). Ivermectin was administered to the infested animals in a dose of 200 microg/kg subcutaneously. The administration of the ivermectin was effective. As a result, it has been shown that the tick infestation is present in cattle, sheep and goats in Zara region, the tick species differ according to the season and administration of ivermectin was an effective treatment.

The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of vector ticks for Borrelia burgdorferi and to determine the seropositivity of lyme disease in Sivas region of Middle Anatolia. A total of 10.303 ticks were collected and classified at genus level, however, none of them belonged to Ixodes genus, the vector of B.burgdorferi. For the seroepidemiological study, serum samples were collected from 270 subjects who inhabited in rural area and raised livestock, and from 135 subjects as the control group who inhabited in urban area and have no livestock story. The samples were screened for the presence of B.burgdorferi IgG antibodies with a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit (ImmunoWell Borrelia, Genbio, San Diego). As a result, one subject in the each group (0.4% and 0.7%, respectively) yielded positive result, however as these sera gave positive reaction in rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, these were evaluated as cross-reactivity (false positivity). These results indicated that lyme disease is not endemic in our region since neither Ixodes genus ticks nor seropositive subjects were detected.

OBJECTIVES: It is important to know the carrying angles of both elbows in the evaluation of deformities which may be seen after treatment of distal humerus fractures. This study was performed to determine the basal values of the carrying angle in specific age groups. METHODS: The carrying angles of both elbows were measured with the use of a goniometry in 2000 students of randomly selected primary schools in Sivas and its nearby districts. Measurements were performed in those who completed the ages of six (500 girls, 500 boys) and 14 (500 girls, 500 boys) years, with the elbow in full extension and forearm in supination. The mean carrying angles of dominant and non-dominant elbows were analyzed in eight groups. RESULTS: The mean angles measured from dominant arms were significantly greater than those of the contralateral side in both sexes and age groups (p0.05). Finally, both boys and girls at 14 years of age had significantly greater angles in dominant and non-dominant elbows compared to corresponding sex and elbow side in six-year groups (p

Rifampicin, a highly colephilic antibiotic, is rarely toxic: its toxicity has predominantly minor hepatic and immunological effects. A 42-year-old man was admitted to our institution because of hepatotoxicity as a result of anti-tuberculosis therapy. He complained of jaundice, nausea, vomiting, and fever. At first presentation, he exhibited the following: plasma unconjugated bilirubin, 5.1 mg/dl; conjugated bilirubin, 1.9 mg/dl; SGOT, 180 IU/1; SGPT, 472 IU/1; alkaline phosphatase, 222 IU/1; LDH, 1,656 U/l. He had no peripheral blood eosinophilia. No evidence for haemolytic anaemia or viral hepatitis was observed. Four days later, transaminases and bilirubin levels had returned to normal. Antituberculosis therapy was restarted, but the patient became jaundiced after an episode of chills, fever (39.5°C), nausea and abdominal pain. Transaminases and alkaline phosphatase levels gradually continued to decrease, however, LDH and unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin levels increased to a maximum of; 1,240 U/l, 15.1 mg/dl and 5.5 mg/dl, respectively. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level was stable during the course of these febrile episodes. There was no cholelithiasis or hepatic lesion on abdominal computerised tomography. Rifampicin was excluded, and the patient was treated with isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol, and morphozinamide. He was cured after 9 months of anti-tuberculosis therapy. Because it impairs uptake and excretion of bilirubin by hepatocytes, rifampicin can cause high-level mixed-type hyperbilirubinaemia in sensitised patients. © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2004.

BACKGROUND: Patients diagnosis as penil fracture and treated with surgical methods were evaluated retrospectively between January 1990-February 2002. METHODS: Patients were evaluated by age, trauma type, time passed after the trauma, physical examination and radiologic data. RESULTS: The cause of trauma was blunt trauma in all patients. 14 trauma (60.8%) were during sexual activity, 6 trauma (26%) were during handling the erective penis in morning erection, 3 of trauma (13%) were due to the rolling on to the penis. Urethral bleeding was seen in 1 patient and microscopic hematuria was detected in 5 patients. Subcoronal circular incision was carried out in 16 patients (69.5%), semicircular incision was done directly on the injury in 6 patients (26%) and from penis radix to scrotum was done in 1 patient (4.3%). There was unilateral corpus cavernosum injury in 21 patients. Bilateral corpus cavernosum injury in 1 patient, corpuscavernosum, corpus spongiosum and incomplent urethral injury in 1 patient. Wound infection was detected only in 2 patients at postoperatively early period. After evaluating 20 patients with medical history and physical examination in postoperative control penil curvature permitting sexual activity was detected in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: We concluded that patients with penil fracture may be treated with low complication rate by early surgical procedure.

Microbiological contamination of hot spring waters is a public health problem, and hot spring waters have been thought to be a potential source of Legionella infections. In this study, 209 water samples collected from 69 thermal pools of 36 hot springs in the Central Anatolia Region were examined for the presence of Legionella spp. between September and November 2001. The Water samples were concentrated via filtration, and the filtrates were decontaminated by low-ph method. Then the samples were cultured on non-selective (Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar, BCYE) and selective (GVPC; BCYE supplemented with glycine, vancomycin, polymyxin B, cycloheximide, and MWY; BCYE supplemented with glycine, anisomycin, polymyxin B, vancomycin, bromthymol blue, bromcresole purple) media, and suspected colonies were confirmed by Legionella Latex Kit (Oxoid) and direct fluorescent antibody test. As a result, 24 out of 209 (11.5%) water samples were found positive for Legionella pneumophila, and a total 26 L. pneumophila strains were isolated from these 24 samples. Two of these isolates were found reactive with serogroup 1, 20 were reactive with serogroup 2-14 antisera in agglutination test, while 2 samples collected from the same thermal pool, have yielded 2 strains, of which one was serogroup 1 and the other was serogroup 2-14. L. pneumophila was detected in 22.2% of hot springs (8 of 36) and 14.5% of thermal pools (10 of 69). L. pneumophila concentrations which were detected in water samples ranged from 10 to 430 CFU/100ml. This is the first data for the prevalence of Legionnaires' disease agent in hot spring spas in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Colonization of bacterium in some spas indicates that the certain hot springs might be endemic focuses for Legionnaires' disease in our country.

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to analyze traffic accident cases applying to the emergency department of the hospital of the Cumhuriyet University according to their age, sex, their position during crash, the place and time of the accident, the time to reach hospital, the type of vehicle and their lesion forms. METHODS: The hospital files of cases applying to the emergency department of the hospital of the Cumhuriyet University for traffic accidents, between 01 January 31 December 1998, were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the cases, most (44.52%) were in the 1-25 age group, 41% was pedestrian. Of the accidents, 81.29% was at the inner part of the city, 44.03% occurred in the summer and 39.83% occurred at 12-18 hours, 44.52% reached to hospital in the first hour. The vehicle type in 60.80% of the cases was automobile, 14.28% of the cases involved in alcohol. The blunt injuries were seen usually, 47.50% of which was present in the head-neck region. 257 cases (41.45%) were hospitalized. 23 cases (3.71%) died because of traffic accidents. CONCLUSIONS: The similar studies in literature were examined. The factors causing the traffic accident and the problems resulting from traffic accident were pointed out. The treatment manner in the traffic accident cases was suggested.

In this study, it was investigated that any mutagenic effect of anaesthetic agents like nitrous Oxide, isoflurane and sevoflurane on human DNA with use Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) test method. Sister Chromatid Exchange rates was investigated in blood samples with conventional sitogenetic methods for total fractures in methaphases. Study was carried out on 20 non-smoking operation room personnels that exposed isoflurane, sevoflurane and nitrous oxide 8 hours per day and at least 3 years, and on 20 non-smoking controls. The SCE rates were increased statistically significant in operating personnel as compared to non-smoking controls (p

We treated 19 patients with iatrogenic ureteral injuries during a 10-year period. Gynecological operations were the most common surgical procedures (52.6%). The diagnosis of ureteral injury was made immediately in 6 patients and was delayed 14 to 180 days in 13. Five of the 6 injuries recognized during the operation were repaired successfully at the time of injury; one patient resulted a nephrectomy. Seven of the lately recognized 13 patients were treated with percutaneous nephrostomy and the first treatment. The two patients were made ureteroneocystostomy, one was made ureteroureterostomy and one had ureterolysis in the other five patients. We observed ureteral stenosis in the three patients after the operation follow ups. The treatment was achieved with the endourological approach at these patients. Finally, we recommend percutaneous nephrostomy as a first treatment choice in the lately recognized iatrogenic ureteral injuries, while the immediate diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic ureteral injuries, are severely important.

The effects of malathion on alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver, kidney and small intestine was investigated. Malathion doses of 40 mg kg-1 were injected intreperitonally (I:P) into mice. At 0. 4, 8, 16 and 24 hours after treatment with malathion, mice were decapitated and tissues were removed. Homogenate of the tissues was centrifugated at 48000xg for 30 minutes. The supernatant was used as an enzyme source. It was found that the malathion increased alkaline phosphatase activity in the kidney and decreased alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver and small intestine.

Lead may exert toxic effects on several organ systems, but those in the lung are the most insidious. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the morphological alterations caused by lead intoxication in rat lungs. Twenty-five Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: the control group consisted of five animals while the experimental groups contained ten animals each. The control group animals were not subjected to lead treatment, whereas the first experimental group animals were exposed to 500 ?g/0.1 m3/day of lead for one week, and the second group had the same dosage of lead exposure for two weeks. All the animals were decapitated and the lung tissues were obtained from each animal. Tissue samples were processed for light microscopical examination. In the lung tissue of the first experimental group, lymphocyte and monocyte infiltration and collagen accumulation were evident in the interalveolar septa, whereas in the second experimental group the animals had pneumonia in addition to exhibiting the same features as the first group animals. In conclusion, the concentrations of lead, especially over a long period, may cause irreversible morphological alterations in the, rat lung tissue.

[No abstract available]

In order to compare alfentanil and fentanyl in combination with propofol for orotracheal intubation without neuromuscular block in children, 30 patients of ASA I, scheduled for tonsillectomy were included in the study. After premedication with midazolam 0.3 mg/kg oral, patients were divided into two groups (n=15). Alfentanil 20 ?g/kg and fentanyl 2 ?g/kg were given intravenously in group A and group F respectively. All patients received propofol 2.5 mg/kg for anaesthesia inductions. After induction, patients were intubated by the same anaesthesia. Intubating conditions were assessed according to a scoring system. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in intubating score. A significant decrease in systolic arterial pressure (SAP) occurred in all times in group F (p

Human metaphase chromosomes were exposed to different concentrations (10-8-10-2 M) of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a DNA methyl inhibitor, in order to determine the in vivo effect of the agent on chromosome packaging. It has been found that the agent was substituted with cystosine in the newly synthesised DNA strand and it distrupted the chromosome condensation. GTG and C banding techniques revealed that the agent caused demethylation in DNA regions that were substituted with cytosine. In the DNA regions that hypomethylation was evident, chromosomes could not complete their normal condensations and remained in under or decondensated form. On the other hand the agent caused significant alterations in chromosome structure associated with different dosages and duration. Despite its effect on decondensation, the agent also caused the deconfiguration (24 hours), segmantation, increased juxtacentomeric-telomeric associations, gaps, fragility, chromatid and isochromatid breaks and pulverisation in the chromosome structure. According to the present findings, it could be suggested that the DNA methylation is an important mechanism in chromosome packaging and organisation. Alterations that are established in methylation patterns may cause significant structural abnormalities in human chromosomes.

Meta-sedimentary and sedimentary rocks of Devonian-Cretaceous Sorkun Group that represents allohcthonous Bolkardagi unit are found in the west of Bozkir in the Middle Taurus. Devonian Isali formation includes Yanik (slate), Aygir (meta-dolomite), Hesapalani (slate), Gerez (mainly metasandstone) and Dogruyol (meta-dolomitic limestone) members, Slates with slaty cleavage and chloritemica pods have generally third (quartzite-like mosaic structure and chlorite-hydromica matrix) and fourth (spiny-like blastik structure and chlorite-muscovite matrix) textural zones in the Yanik and Hesapalani members, third textural zone in the Gerez member, but meta-clastites in all units show second (altered clay matrix) and third textural zones. In the Carboniferous-Trias units, primary sedimentary textures are preserved and become evident towards formations of Celmeliler (limestone intercalated with shale and dolomitic limestone), Karadag (limestone intercalated with shale and clayey limestone) towards Bartli (limestone, dolomitic limestone, marl, shale and sandstone). Devonian aged units are marked by phyllosilicate, quartz, calcite, dolomite, feldspar and goethite. Phyllosilicates consist of 2M1 muscovite, lib chlorite, C-V and C-S, together with pyrophyllite, paragonite, P-M, dickite, rectorite as index minerals for Yanik and Hesapalani members and reflect low epizone-anchizone stages. Celmeliler and Karadag formations contain phyllosilicates (mainly 1Md illite, chlorite and I-S; locally and less 2M1 muscovite, P-M, paragonite, pyrophyllite, rectorite), calcite, dolomite, quartz, whereas Bartli formation is made up of calcite, phyllosilicates (1Md illite, I-S, kaolinite, smectite, chlorite, C-S and C-V), dolomite and quartz. Mineralogical-petrographical data revealed that the development of the diagenetic-metamorphic grade in the Bozkir district was related to tectonic thrust and partly deposition burial.

Postoperative pain is a common problem in surgery. Using systemic NSAI drugs and infiltration of local anaesthesia agents that infiltrate in wounds, have been regarded for management of postoperative pain since many years. In this study tenoxicam as anNSAI drug administered 20 mg IV during surgery, and bupivacaine (0.5%) had been infiltrated around the surgical wound postoperatively. To evaluate the postoperative pain, we had used visuel analog scale (VAS) scores. The results showed that both of these drugs significantly decreased postoperative pain scores statistically according to control group. On the other hand tenoxicam reduced pain scores more than bupivacaine in long term.

Group A streptococcus is the most common cause bacterial pharyngitis in childhood. Streptococcal pharyngitis has been usually treated by penicillins. Recent reports suggest that non-group A streptococci has been increasingly described as the cause of bacterial pharyngitis in children. There are also some reports showing that the treatment failure of penicillin therapy has been increased. In this study, the incidence of streptococcal groups isolated from a pediatric population suffering from pharyngitis was investigated and the efficiacy of penicillin G procaine and cefuroxime axetile in therapy was compared. The overall incidence of positive cultures for beta-hemolytic streptococcus in pediatric outpatients with pharyngitis was 20.8 percent. Four hundred-seventeen patients were diagnosed as streptococcal pharyngitis and from 211 (50.6%) group A, from 149 (35.7%) group C, from 40 (9.6%) group B, from 11 (2.6%) group D and from 6 (1.4%) group G streptococci were isolated. Of 417, randomly selected 107 patients were treated with Penicillin G procaine and 90 patients were treated with cefuroxime axetile. The bacteriological eradication failure and clinical cure rates were 14% and 96.3 for penicillin G procaine group, and 12.2% and 97.8% for cefuroxime axetile group, respectively (p>0.05). All patients who have been treated with both of the antibiotics, improved within 48 hours of initiating therapy. As a result, penicillin G procaine was found as effective as cefuroxime axetile for the bacteriological eradication and clinical improvement in children with streptococcal pharyngitis.

In this study, morphine, meperidine and fentanyl were given to ASA I and II patients by PCA in order to treat the postoperative pain. To evaluate the effectiveness of analgesics, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), respiratory rate, arterial pressure, sedation scale and heart rate were used. Efficacy of these analgesics was analyzed statistically. When we detected results at 0, 6, 12, 24 hours, we observed significantly differences between three analgesics (p

In this study, we examined the discharge according to gunshot residues seen at the target after discharges done with shotguns in criminal events, in Konya-Beysehir-Uzumlu Shotgun Factory. For this purpose, we prepared a target with 1 m. square from American coat. Then with six type shotguns and with four type pellets in fixed distances, discharges were performed. At the discharges, it was seen that, while central entrance hole was made by the discharges from 2-6 m. distance, satellite pellet entrance holes were made from 1-6 m. distance and also wad entered to the target from center or nearside of the still 15 m. When the target became a human it was understood that, would enter to the body as the discharge would done in 2-6 m. distance and it would produce only superficial skin lesions like hyperemia, dermabrasion, if the distance was more than 6 meters.

Two cases of dissecting aortic aneurysm which were 21 and 40 years old and whose autopsies were carried out with the cause of suspicious death, were evaluated. It was determined from the autopsies that the sudden death was caused by cardiac tamponade formed by intrapericardial bleeding as a result of ruptures in ascending aorta. It has been known that the major factor in dissecting aortic aneurysm is often psychological or physiological tension, due to the sudden increase in the blood pressure and 70% of these aneurysms are seen in the ascending aorta.

OBJECTIVE: This prospective randomized study was designed to compare efficacy and safety dinoprostone (PGE2) and misoprostol (PGE1) for ripening the cervix and inducing labor at term. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-eight patients were randomly assigned to one of two induction groups: In Group 1, intracervical 500 mcg dinoprostone was administered and in Group 2, intravaginal 100 mcg misoprostol is used. RESULTS: There were not significant differences in terms of initial data between the groups except age that is significantly greater in the Group 1. In Group 1, labor induction was successful in 28 patients. In Group 2, labor induction was successful in 31 patients. The interval from induction to active phase of the labor was not different between the groups. The interval from induction to delivery was significantly shorter in the Group 2. There were no significant maternal and fetal side effects. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that intravaginal misoprostol is as effective as dinoprostone for ripening of the cervix and inducing labour at term.

Liver is exposed to ischemic injury during different surgical procedures. During and after hepatic ischemia, various structural and metabolic impairment were previously reported. If has been reported that reperfusion of ischemic tissue could also cause tissue injury. Various agents were tested for prevention of these injuries. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the usefulness of three different agents on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). We used a normothermic hepatic I/R model. Albino rats of Wistar strain were divided into five groups as follows: Sham group (SG), control group (CG), octreotide used group (OG), prostaglandin used group (PG) and diltiazem used group (DG). In each group, every rat was exposed to one hour ischemia and 45 minutes reperfusion. Each I/R performed group except control was pretreated with one of the above agents. The biochemical and histological parameters were determined at the end of the experiment. All rats were observed;for postsurgical Seven days and survival time and ratio were determined. We demonstrated that these three agents have beneficial effects, especially on survival ratio. Differentiation on biochemical parameters cannot be overlooked. The best survival ratio was determined for the DG to be (p

The metamorphic rocks exposed in the Yildizeli region (west of Sivas) to the east of Kirsehir block (Central Anatolian massif or Kirsehir massif comprising metamorphic and associated magmatic rocks) are called as Yildizeli metasedimentary group. It is divided, into four units as based on the rock types, from bottom to top, the Asilik metamorphics including pelitic gneiss and migmatites, the Findicak metamorphics including the pelitic schist and gneiss, and calcsilicates, the Pelitlikaya quartzite consisting of quartzite and quartzitic schists, and the Kadikoy metacarbonate. Microscopicillay following mineralogical associations have been observed in the Findicak metamorphite: sillimanite + kyanite + muscovite + ortoclase + quartz; sillimanite + muscovite + biotite + orthoclase; quartz + plagioclase, diopside + hornblende + plagioclase + quartz; hornblende + plagioclase + quartz and diopside + hornblende + quartz + plagioclase + scapolite + calcite paragenesis. In addition to these paragenesis, post - tectonic epidote overgrowth in the hornblende - gneisses, replacement of diopside by tremolite in the diopsite - hornblende gneisses, transformation of calcsilicatic gneiss into talc - tremolite schist, and mica overgrowths on feldspars in the mica gneiss are also common and characteristic features of Findicak metamorphics were also determined. The hornblende - plagioclase, garnet - muscovite - biotite - plagioclase - kyanite, garnet - muscovite - biotite - plagioclase and muscovite - biotite - chlorite geobarometries show that the first metamorphism occurred under high pressure conditions. Following the high pressure metamorphism, the temperature increased, resulting in the transformation of kyanite into fibrolitic sillimanite. During the uplifting, a retrograde greenschist facies cataclastic metamorphism overprinted on the earlier fabrics due to decompressional regime. The last metamorphic event occurred during the Santonian - Maestrichtian time (K-Ar ages of muscovite and biotite, are 71.8 ± 2.3 Ma - 77.7 ± 1.8 and 68.1 ± 1.8 Ma - 72.3 ± 2.1 Ma, respectively).

This study has been made to compare alfentanil and fentanyl in outpatient knee arthroscopy. Fifty patients of ASA I and II were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=25). In alfentanil group, anaesthesia was induced with 30 ?g/kg alfentanil, 4 mg/kg Na thiopentone and 1.5 mg/kg succinylcholine. In fentanyl group 2 ?g/kg fentanyl, 4 mg/kg Na thiopentone and 1.5 mg/kg succinylcholine were used far induction. Anaesthesia was maintained by IPPV using 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen and added 1 ?g/kg/min alfentanil infusion in alfentanil group versus 0.1 ?g/kg/min fentanyl infusion in fentanyl group. During the operation systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, pulse rate and oxygen saturation were recorded. After discontinuation of nitrous oxide we recorded the time of eye opening and ability to answer verbal commands. Additionally each patient was evaluated at postoperative 1., 5., 10., 30., 40., 50. and 60th minutes with postanesthetic recovery room scores (PARRS). Trieger dot test was used to determine cognitive function (preoperative, postoperative 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120th minutes). In this study we could not find any difference between two drugs about systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation, side effects and early recovery time. But in alfentanil group, the results of psychomotor test which determines discharge time were more convincing. We concluded that; alfentanil is a more preferable agent for ambulatory surgery and provides adequate anaesthesia when combined with nitrous oxide and neuromuscular blocker.

In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 120 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from various clinical specimens were investigated by disc diffusion and agar dilution methods. The most effective antimicrobial agent was imipenem (100%). The susceptibilities of 120 Pseudomonas strains to the antimicrobials by using disc diffusion and agar dilution tests were as follows; to amikacin 98.4%, 99.2%; to ciprofloxacin 96.6%, 98.4%; to aztreonam 85.9%, 91.7%; to piperacillin 75.0%, 80.8%; to tobramycin 69.2%, 70.9%; to mezlocillin 57.5%, 60.8%; to ceftriaxone 42.5%, 46.7%; to cefotaxime 8.3%, 13.3%, respectively.

It is described that lymphoreticular infiltrates of the skin is a heterogenous clinical and pathologic group of dermatosis. These benign lesions histopathologically simulate malignant lymphomas and may undergo malignant transformation. Benign lymphoid hyperplasia must be distinguished from malignant lymphomas. In this article a 16 years old boy with cutaneous pseudolymphoma which recurred three times is presented. Epidermal changes, characteristics of dermal infiltration and its relation with dermal appendiges and blood vessels are evaluated by using routine and immunohistochemical methods.

The use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment has been progressed during last fifty years. The indications of IVIG treatment are various. Several reports have suggested that IVIG treatment was effective in the treatment of different diseases. In this article, we have aimed to summarize the use of IVIG in various disease.

It has been reported that thyroid function tests change during calorie-restricted diet treatment. However, the results are often conflicting. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dexfenfluramine on thyroid function in 40 obese women. Patients were divided into two groups: the first group (group 1) (n = 20) received dexfenfluramine 15 mg twice a day plus calorie-restricted diet and the second group (group 2) (n = 20) had only calorie-restricted diet. Both groups were similar in respect to age. The study period lasted three months. Mean basal levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) revealed no significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). Patients receiving dexfenfluramine had low FT3 levels when compared with group 2 (p < 0.01). Thyroid hormone levels showed no significant changes in group 2 (p > 0.05). However, the levels of FT3 were decreased significantly in group 1 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our study suggested that dexfenfluramine with its anorexigenic feature and other unknown effects causes reduction in FT3 levels in obese patients.

In this study, the histopathologic effects of two volatile anaesthetic agents on human liver halothane and isoflurane, have been investigated. Following halothane and isoflurane anaesthesia, cellular necrosis of hepatocytes were observed. Degeneration, nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, necrobiosis, focal necrosis, polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration and fatty changes, were noted. In conclusion, both volatile agents cause slight liver cell damage without any clinical manifestation.

In this study the effects of thiopentone on isolated dog peripheral arteries, and the contributions of various factors on these effects were investigated. Besides, whether endothelium modulates the effects of thiopentone on arteries and any receptor mediates these effects were also studied. The responses taken from dog renal, femoral and mesenteric arteries were recorded on a polygraph isometrically. Thiopentone (10-5-3x10-4 M) caused dose related contractions in arterial strips; while it increased the contractions in the arterial strips that were precontracted submaximally with phenylephrine (3x10-7, 10-6 M), and inhibited the maximal contraction induced by phenylephrine (10-5 M). It caused a relaxing effect on contractions that were obtained by KCl (30 mM). 10-4 M and 3x10-4 M thiopentone inhibited the calcium induced contraction in calcium free potassium depolarizing solution in a dose related manner. Pharmacological antagonists did not produce any significant alterations on the effects of thiopentone. The contractions produced by thiopentone were not different in, the endothelium denuded and endothelium intact arterial strips. It was found that, the contractions caused by thiopentone were potentiated by the presence of phenylephrine (3x10-7, 10-6 M). These findings suggest that thiopentone has contradictory effects on the influx of calcium into cells according to the contractile state of the arteries. The effect of thiopentone on arteries is not specific. Besides it seems impossible that the contractile effect of thiopentone on arterial strips depends on the decreased release of endothelium derived relaxing factor and/or on the increased release of endothelium derived constricting factor.

In this experimental study the protective effect of combination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and desferrioxamine on experimental colitis induced by 4 % acetic acid has been investigated in this experimental study. 24 Wistar Albino rats have been divided into 3 groups. No drug was given to the control group. SOD was given to the second group and desferrioxamine to the third group. Analysis of the results revealed significant cytoprotection by desferrioxamine as an iron chelating agent.

The effects of intercostal blockade with 0.5 % bupivacaine HCl and 1 % prilocaine HCl were compared with cholecystectomized patients. The patients were divided into three randomized groups. Intercostal blockade was performed in group A, (n:15) with 0.5 % bupivacaine and group B with I % prilocaine on the right mid axillary line from the T7-8 - T8-9 intervertebral space. Control group (group C, n:15) received intramusculary meperidine 1 mg/kg, and metamizol 1 g in case of needed. Opioid and non opioid analgesic requirement and respiratory functions were evaluated. In postoperative period, the difference between two groups concerning opioid analgesic necessity was found significant (p

Stress related mucosal damage to the upper gastrointestinal tract remains a frequent complication in critically ill patients. High risk patients can be identified and are candidates for routine prophylactic treatment. Cimetidine and antacids are the drugs most often administered for prevention. In the present study in order to prevent stress-related gastric mucosal damage, experimental administration of intragastric omeprazole and intraperitoneal ranitidine has been tested. Acute mucosal damage developed 87.5% in control group rats and 25% in omeprazole and 37.5% in ranitidine group. The mean ulcer index was significantly higher in control group than others (p < 0.001). The mean ulcer index in ranitidine group was higher than the omeprazole group, but the differences was insignificant (p < 0.05). Total acidity in the control group was significantly higher than both the omeprazole and ranitidine group (p < 0.05), and pH was significantly lower in control group (p < 0.05). Finally, both omeprazole and ranitidine are effective for prevention of experimental stress-related mucosal damage.

Evidence is presented that supports a role of oxygen free radicals in the pathogenesis of various disorders of the digestive system. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the role of oxygen free radicals which are responsible for tissue damage in ischemic conditions and oxygen free radical scavengers in ethanol induced hemorrhagic gastritis. A total of 60 rats were grouped in six: A control group, ethanol induced hemorrhagic gastritis group, ethanol-sucralfate, ethanol-scavengers (namely allopurinol, E vitamin, and Ginkgo biloba extract). As a result, allopurinol and E vitamin decrease both macroscopic and microscopic lesion and also blockade lipid peroxidation. In the Ginkgo biloba extract and sucralfate groups there were extensive orisons as compared with allopurinol and E vitamin. These results suggest that removing oxygen derived free radicals may prove to be an added dimension in the management of ethanol induced erosive gastritis.

In this research, we studied on randomly selected 40 patients, aged between 40-65 years who had abdominal gynecological operations and were classified according to ASA I and ASA II. For 20 patients, intravenously administered ondansetron, in a dose of 8 mg was used before the induction of general anesthesia and the same dosage in injected twice more with 8 hour intervals. Ten of these patients were given intravenously fentanyl perioperatively, while the rest were not. For the other group of patients, 10 mg metoclopramide were administered intravenously and the same doses were repeated two times with 8 hour intervals. Ten of these patients were also given intravenously fentanyl perioperatively, while the others were not. Additional ondansetron and metoclopramide were administered postoperatively, if needed. Each group of patients were compared with regard to nausea and vomiting, postoperatively.