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Aging of the skin is a complex and multifactorial biological process, affected by different intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Exogenous factors affecting the process of skin aging, together with nutrition, are topics which currently draw considerable attention. Although it is difficult to accurately define what presents a healthy diet for maintenance of youthful skin, considering the evident lack of clinical data and studies in humans, there are numerous evidence suggesting that the food we eat affects our skin aging and its’ appearance. Well-documented is a fact that the modern diet is a large source of advanced glycation end products and reactive oxygen species – compounds formed during certain food preparation methods which accumulation is associated with different disease and recently, skin aging as well. This review gives the current state of knowledge related to the role which advanced glycation end products and reactive oxygen species, formed during the certain food preparation methods, have in the mechanisms of the premature/extrinsic skin aging. Additionally, it summarizes available information, in the form of recommendations for both the public and nutritional professionals who have an interest in this field, regarding food preparation methods and practices which prevent formation of aforementioned compounds in food and consequently could reduce the food contribution to premature skin aging.

Introduction/Aim: Majocchi's granuloma is an infrequent deep-seated fungal infection where pathogen invades hair follicles, entering the dermal and subcutaneous tissue, thus forming granulomatous dermal and/or hypodermal changes. There are two clinical types: the first one is common in healthy individuals characterized by superficial perifollicular papular infection, and the second is followed by the deep subcutaneous nodules usually reported among immunocompromised hosts. This infection is usually caused by Trichophyton rubrum. The aim of this paper is to show the rare localization of this disease in the area of the vulva. Case report: We present a 20-year-old immunocompetent woman with multiple papules, nodules, and pustules on the hairy part of the vulva. Potassium hydroxide preparations of skin scrapings were negative and culture performed on Sabouraud glucose agar revealed Trichophyton rubrum. The patient was treated with the oral systemic antifungal therapy for four weeks and all lesions resolved. Conclusion: Majocchi's granuloma should not be overlooked in patients with papular and nodular lesions in the vulvar region.

This study aimed at the exploitation of lignocellulosic wastes for the evaluation of the newly isolated white-rot fungal strains enzymatic potential for bioethanol production. The isolates belonging to Basidiomycetes, Fomes fomentarius TMF2, Schizophyllum commune TMF3, and Bjerkandera adusta TMF1, could synthesize extracellular laccase and various hydrolase while growing on lignocellulosic waste materials. More specifically, for the first time, F. fomentarius TMF2 synthesized laccase using sunflower meal as a substrate. This substrate could stimulate B. adusta TMF1 for carboxymethyl cellulase and Avicelase production. The isolate B. adusta TMF1 was able to produce amylase during its growth on brewerʼs spent grain, which is up to now the best result reported for this activity of any B. adusta strain. Soybean meal was the most potent substrate for stimulating pectinase production by B. adusta TMF1 and S. commune TMF3. While growing on brewerʼs spent grain, B. adusta TMF1 and S. commune TMF3 produced high levels of xylanase. Spent coffee residues were for the first time tested as a substrate for hydrolase production by selected fungal species. Also, this is the first attempt where the produced enzymes by isolate B. adusta TMF1 were used for lignocellulose hydrolysis of brewerʼs spent grain and corn stover for bioethanol production, where under non- optimized conditions 0.94 g/L and 0.86 g/L of bioethanol could be produced, respectively. This study showed that novel white-rot fungal isolates, especially B. adusta TMF1, could grow on unexploited, low-cost lignocellulosic substrates and to produce biotechnological value-added products within environmental and economical accepted processes.

Purpose This study aimed in exploitation of lignocellulosic wastes for the evaluation of the newly isolated white-rot fungal strains enzymatic potential, covered by the circular economy frame.Methods A standard microbiological methods for the isolation of the white-rot fungal mycelia were used, followed by DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and the API ZYM test. The determination of laccase activity was based on the oxidation of guaiacol while the DNS method was used for the hydrolase determination.Results The isolates, belonged to Basidiomycetes, Fomes fomentraius TMF2, Schizophyllum commune TMF3, and Bjerkandera adusta TMF1, could synthesize extracellular laccase and various hydrolase while growing on lignocellulosic waste materials. More specifically, for the first time, F. fomentarius TMF2 synthesized laccase using sunflower meal as a substrate. This substrate could stimulate B. adusta TMF1 for Carboxymethyl cellulase and Avicelase production. The strain TMF1 was able to produce amylase during its growth on brewerʼs spent grain, which is up to now the best result reported for this activity of any B. adusta strain. Soybean meal was the most potent substrate for stimulating pectinase production by TMF1 and S. commune TMF3. While growing on brewerʼs spent grain, TMF1 and TMF3 strains produced high levels of xylanase. Spent coffee residues were for the first time tested as a substrate for hydrolase production by selected fungal species.Conclusion The obtained results showed that newly isolates of white-rot fungi can grow on unexploited lignocellulosic waste materials to produce different enzymes as a value-added products suitable for various biotechnological applications.

A recent trend in sustainable bioethanol production is the use of agricultural waste or food waste as an inexpensive and the most available feedstock. Bread waste is the major food waste that could be successfully used for the production of bioethanol. The aim of this study was to optimize ethanol production by the response surface methodology (RSM) using waste bread hydrolysate. Waste bread hydrolysate was obtained using crude hydrolytic enzymes that produce bacterial isolate Hymenobacter sp. CKS3. The influence of time of fermentation (24?72 h) and waste brewer?s yeast inoculum (1?4 %) on ethanol production was studied. The optimal conditions, obtained by central composite design (CCD), were 48.6 h of fermentation and 2.85 % of inoculum. Under these conditions, a maximum of 2.06 % of ethanol concentration was reached. The obtained ethanol concentration was in good correlation, coefficient of 0.858, with yeast cell yield. The results obtained in this study imply that waste bread hydrolysate could be used as a biomass source for biofuel production with multiple benefits relating to environmental protection, reduction of production costs, and saving fossil fuels.

The phytochemical analysis of the investigated Immortelle essential oil revealed the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes as major components that might be efficient as a wound healing potential agent. The present study aimed to develop an ointment based on the Immortelle essential oil and investigate its wound healing effects on excision wounds in diabetic rats. The topical formulated Immortelle ointment was subjected to pharmaco-technical characterization. Thirty-two diabetic rats with the induced excision wound were used to evaluate in vivo wound healing effects of ointment. The animals were randomly divided into four groups untreated or topically treated with either a 1% silver sulfadiazine, the ointment base, or Immortelle ointment. The response to the treatment was assessed by macroscopic, biochemical and histopathological analysis. The ointment, compatible with the skin remained stable for 6 months. Topical application of the Immortelle ointment showed the highest wound contraction with the highest content of hydroxyproline in comparison to the all examined groups. The Immortelle ointment showed significant wound contraction from day 7 to day 21 as compared to other groups. On the day 21, there was an average of 99.32% wound contraction in the Immortelle group, whereas the mean wound contraction in the negative control and ointment base group was 71.36% and 81.26% respectively. The histopathological results validated the potential wound healing effect of Immortelle ointment with evident post-excision scar maturation and increased collagen fibers density. Our findings revealed that the Immortelle ointment approach might serve as a promising and innovative tool for wound healing.

We present our first experience with endovascular treatment of 6 subclavian artery aneurysms (SAA) occurring in five male and one female patient. All patients, in our studies, according to ASA classification were high risk for open repair of SAA. The etiology of the all aneurysms was atherosclerosis degeneration of the artery. Two aneurysms were of intrathoracic location, then the other were extrathoracic. Symptoms related to subclavian artery aneurysms were present in two patients, compression and chest pain in one, and hemorrhage shock in second, while the remaining patients were asymptomatic. We preferred the Viabhan endoprosthesis for endovascular repair in 5 cases. In one patient with ruptured of subclavian artery aneurysm who was high-risk for open repair we made combined endovascular procedure. First at all, we covered the origin of left subclavian artery with thoracic stent graft and after that we put two coils in proximal part of subclavian artery. There was no operative mortality, and the early patency rate was 100%. The follow-up period was from 3 months to 3 years. During this period, one patient died of heart failure and one patient required endovascular reoperation due to endoleak type I. Endovascular treatment is recommended for all patients with subclavian artery aneurysm whenever this is possible due to anatomical reasons especially in high-risk patient with intrathoracic localization of aneurysm, to prevent potential complications.

Development of an available drug delivery system is of great interest considering the therapeutic effects of formulations with violate essential oils, especially assuming the fact that using essential oils as antimicrobial agents is a rather expanded in antimicrobial therapy nowadays. In this paper, the chitosan microparticles with encapsulated thyme essential oil were prepared in the emulsion by cross-linking method. The effect of thyme oil and glutaraldehyde initial concentrations on particle size, morphology, and particle size distribution was investigated. In addition, the influence of these parameters on the encapsulation of thyme oil in chitosan microparticles, concerning thyme oil loadings and encapsulation efficiency was also tested. The particles showed a spherical shape with an average diameter of 4.71±1.42 to 13.65±4.34 μm, depending on the concentration of the essential oil and glutaraldehyde that were used. The diameter of microparticles appeared to increase with increasing the thyme essential oil concentration, and decreased with the increase of glutaraldehyde concentration. It was shown that the concentration of glutaraldehyde did not affect the degree of encapsulation, but the increase in the initial concentration of thyme oil increased the degree of encapsulation of this essential oil in chitosan microparticles. All particles containing thyme essential oil, as well as essential oil of thyme itself showed significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Esherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 24433 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 25929. This study showed a great potential of the use of thyme essential oil as an antimicrobial agent, especially when encapsulated in a drug delivery system with controlled release of the active antimicrobial component. Etarska ulja kao antimikrobni agensi su sve više u upoterbi u antimikrobnoj terapiji, pa je i razvoj odgovarajućeg drug delivery sistema sa etarskim uljem od velikog terapijskog značaja. Inkapsulacija isparljivih etrskih ulja u odgovarajuće čestice je od velikog značaja da bi se žaštitile bioaktivne komponente, koje su sastavni deo etarskih ulja i koje su osetljive na direktno delovanje svetlosti, temperature i oksidacije jer ovi faktori menjaju njihove biohemijske osobine. Hitozan je biodegradibilan, biokompatibilan, mukoadhezivan i netoksičan prirodni polimer koji kao takav ima ogroman potencijal kao nosač aktivnih supstanci u farmaceutskim formulacijama. Hitozanske mikročestice sa inkapsuliranim etarskim uljem timijana su izrađene emulzionom metodom uz primenu urežavajućeg agensa. Varirane su koncentracije etarskog ulja timijana i glutaraldehida kao umreživača, i praćen je njhov uticaj na veličinu čestica, količinu inkapsuliranog timijana i efikasnost inkapsulacije. Hitozanske mikročestice su imale sferičan oblik sa prosečnim prečnikom koji je bio u opsegu od 4.71±1.42 to 13.65±4.34 μm, u zavisnosti od koncentracije etarskog ulja i glutaraldehida koji su korišćeni pri izradi čestica. Prečnik čestica, odnosno veličina čestica, je rasla sa povećanjem koncentracije etarskog ulja timijana i smanjivala se sa povećanjem koncentracije glutaraldehida. Pokazano je da koncentracija glutaraldehida nema uticaja na stepen inkapsulacije etarskog ulja timijana u hitozanske mikročestice, dok sa porastom koncentracije etarskog ulja timijana raste količina inkapsuliranog ulja i efikasnost inkapsulacije. Sve mikročestice, uključujući i samo etarsko ulje timijana, su pokazali značajnu antimikrobnu aktivnost protiv Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Esherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 24433 i Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 25929. Ova studija je pokazala veliki antimikrobni potencijal etarskog ulja timijana inkorporiranog u hitozanske mikročestice kao odgovarajuću farmaceutsku formulaciju sa kontrolisanim oslobađanjem aktivne antimikrobne komponente.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of four essential oils that belong to Lamiaceae family (sage, oregano, thyme) and eucalyptus oil. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that the highest percent of essential oils 98.93% include three classes of compounds - monoterpene hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and oxidized monoterpenes. The main components are oxidized monoterpenes: carvacrol (59.03%); thymol (36.12%), eucalyptol (20.66%), hydrocarbon monoterpenes: limonene (30.96%) and a-pinene (12.21%) and aromatic monoterpene, p-cymene (22.25%) All essential oils showed great potential of antimicrobial activity against several bacteria and yeast C. albicans, using the agar diffusion method with wells. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the essential oils has been determined by the broth dilution method and valued in the range from 1 to 5 μL/m, depending on the essential oil and bacteria tested, and up to 100 μL/ml for C. albicans. The essential oils of Lamiaceae family exhibited a strong antibacterial activity for tested microorganisms, while the essential oils of thyme were especially recognized. Ova studija se bavi ispitivanjem i upoređivanjem antimikrobnog dejstva etarskih ulja familije Lamiaceae: timijana, žalfije, origana i etarskog ulja eukaliptusa. Gasnom htomatografijom sa masenom spektrometrijom (GC-MS) je određena hemijska struktura i zastupljenost najvažnijih komponenata, pri čemu 98,92% sadržaja etarskog ulja zauzimaju tri klase jedinjenja, ugljovodonični monoterpeni, aromatični ugljovodonici i oksidovani monoterpeni, dok ostalim grupama jedinjena pripada manje od 1% sadržaja. Glavne komponenete ispitanih etarskih ulja su oksidovani monoterpeni: karvakrol (59,03%), timol (36,12%), eukaliptol (20,66%), i ugljovodonični monoterpeni: limonen (30,96%), a-pinen (12,21%), kao i aromatični monoterpen p-cimen (22,25%). Sva etarska ulja su pokazala značajnu anitimikrobnu aktivnst protiv svih testiranih bakterija i C.albicans, metodom difuzije u bunarčićima na agarnoj podlozi. Minimalna inhibitorna koncentracija je određena dilucionom metodom, i utvrđeno je da se vrednosti za MIC kreću u opsegu od 1μL/ml - 5 μL/ml za testirane bakterije, zavisno od ispitivanog etarskog ulja i bakterije koja se testira, i do 100 μL/ml za C. albicans. Etarska ulja familije Lamiaceae pokazuju snažno antimikrobno dejstvo, među kojima se posebno izdvaja etarsko ulje timijana.