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Context: Wheelchair Power Soccer (WPS) is the only team sport that allows the participation of people with severe physical disabilities who require the daily use of motorized wheelchairs. These individuals may live with chronic pain due to the characteristics of the disabilities and treatments, interfering with their health and limiting their participation in sports. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and its relationship with mood in WPS players and to analyze the incidence of traumatic injuries during a championship. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study was carried out on 30 WPS athletes (93.33% male) with a mean (SD) (range) age of 22.37 (9.79) (47) years. Data collection was performed during a South American WPS Championship lasting 3 days, with: investigation of the presence of musculoskeletal pain and mood through a questionnaire; investigation of the occurrence of traumatic injuries through match observation; and confirmation of the occurrence of traumatic injuries through access to medical department records. Results: About 30% (n = 9/30) of the sample presented some pain on the day of evaluation, with an intensity of 5.67 (3.35) (10) points on the visual analog scale. The most common regions of pain were the lower back (13.3%, n = 4/30), thoracic (10%; n = 3/30), and cervical (10%; n = 3/30) areas of the spine. A total of 46.7% (n = 14/30) reported pain in the month before data collection but of less intensity (2.56 [4] [10] points), the most common regions being the lower limbs (20%; n = 6/30) and cervical spine (20%; n = 6/30). Among the between-group comparisons (ie, participants with pain vs without pain), no relationship was observed between mood state and pain. No traumatic injuries were identified during the competition. Conclusion: The presence of musculoskeletal pain was common in WPS players, but it was not related to mood. As no traumatic injuries were observed during the championship, this modality seems to be safe for people with physical disabilities in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to identify contextual factors that negatively affect activity and participation among powerchair football (PF) players. Thirty-seven semistructured interviews were conducted with PF players (Mage = 27.9 ± 8.2 years) in France (n = 18) and the United States (n = 19). Participants reported acute back and neck pain as the primary morbidities resulting from PF participation, with sustained atypical posture in the sport chair as the primary cause. Competition-related physical and mental stress were also identified as participation outcomes. Accompanying the many benefits of PF, participants recognized negative impacts of discomfort, physical fatigue, and mental fatigue. Interventions such as seating modifications, thermotherapy to combat pain, napping to combat acute physical stress, and mental preparation to manage state anxiety were all identified as prospective interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify correlations between demographic, health-related, environmental factors and the employment status of power wheelchair (PWC) users. Method: We retrospectively analysed semi-structured interviews with 128 participants, their assistants or family members, and the participant's provided medical records. Participants were adult PWC users who applied for grants in purchasing a new PWC for gaining or keeping employment between 2019–2021 in Mazovian Province, Poland. Results: Forty-six PWC users (35.9%) were employed while applying for the financial support programme. Fischer's Exact Test of Independence identified positive correlations between employment and education level (p < 0.001), residing in an urban area (p = 0.02), being employed before starting PWC use (p < 0.001), having vocational rehabilitation (p < 0.001), and living in a relationship (p = 0.002). There were no associations between employment status and sex, age at study entry, age at disability onset, living alone or with others, duration of PWC use, or full or part-time PWC use. Our findings indicate that PWC users are at risk of non-employment and financial hardship. This research may support policies for PWC provision that would support gainful employment. The results show that access to quality education, vocational rehabilitation, and perhaps the physical/emotional support from others in close relationships matter. These aspects should be considered in educational policies, transportation, and physical environmental accessibility for PWC users, supporting their gainful employment. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Paid employment is recognised for its positive impact on the financial situation, health, and overall life satisfaction of power wheelchair users. Rehabilitation professionals can play a crucial role in facilitating the attainment and maintenance of employment throughout the clinical process. Educating power wheelchair users with factors conducive to supporting their employment, such as pursuing advanced education, utilising vocational rehabilitation services, residing in urban areas, fostering meaningful social relationships, and drawing upon previous employment experiences, may improve outcomes. Sex, age, disability cause, duration of disability, and reliance on a power wheelchair as the primary mode of mobility were found to be unrelated to employment status among power wheelchair users. Further investigation into the needs of the power wheelchair user population in their pursuit of gainful employment is justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IndieTrainer system, consisting of a mobility device and video-based gamified training modules, was developed to assist children in attaining power wheelchair (PWC) skills. The purposes of this small-scale trial were to explore the use of the IndieTrainer system to provide PWC skills training and document parental satisfaction with the IndieTrainer system. We hypothesized that PWC skills training provided using the IndieTrainer system would result in improvements in both children's understanding of how to use a PWC and their PWC skill execution, and that parental satisfaction would be high. An open-label, single-arm trial was conduct as follows: (a) Baseline testing (T0); (b) A 3-week intervention consisting of two, 60-min-PWC skills training sessions per week; (c) Post-intervention testing (T1); and (d) A single session retention trial held 4 weeks after completion of the intervention (T2). Outcome measures included the Assessment of Learning Powered mobility use (ALP), Wheelchair Skills Checklist (WSC), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8). 25 child/parent dyads participated. Between T0 and T1, statistically significant differences (p-value <.0001) with large effect sizes in mean ALP and WSC scores (ALP: d = 3.14; WSC: d = 3.25) and COPM performance and satisfaction scores (Performance: d = 4.66; Satisfaction: d = 3.24) were achieved. Mean T1 total CSQ-8 score was 31.52/32. At T2, all children maintained or improved their T1 ALP and WSC scores. This study provides initial support for the usability and feasibility of the IndieTrainer system. Futhermore, larger scaled studies using more rigorous research designs are indicated. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The IndieTrainer system allows clinicians to tailor power wheelchair skills (PWC) skills training based on an individual child's specific goals and level of understanding. Selectively combining the use of progressive video-based gamified modules and real-world power mobility experiences may support children who are learning PWC skills. When provided with progressive PWC skills training, children with severe disabilities may improve their understanding of how to use a PWC and their PWC skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to better understand how the powered wheelchair (PWC) impacts the experiences of family caregivers of PWC users, and explore the strategies and resources used by caregivers to cope with their role. Materials and Methods: This mixed-methods study was part of a larger cross-sectional research study conducted in four Canadian cities. Twenty-three family caregivers of PWC users, who provided at least 2 h of support per week, completed the Power Mobility Caregiver Assistive Technology Outcome (PM-CATOM), an 18-item measure assessing PWC-related and overall burden experienced by family caregivers. We also conducted semi-structured interviews and analysed them using inductive content analysis. Results: From the quantitative PM-CATOM results, the caregivers perceived low level of burden for the wheelchair-related items, (Median:4.5; Range 3 to 5). Most perceived burden when physically helping the wheelchair user and when providing verbal hints. In terms of overall help, the caregivers experienced some level of burden (Median 3.5: Range 3 to 5). Most caregivers identified burden associated with the limitation to their recreational and/or leisure activities (52.2%) and feeling that they have more to do than they can handle. We identified 3 themes in the interviews: the burden experiences of caring for PWC users, the positive experiences of caregiving, and the coping strategies and resources used by caregivers of PWC users. Conclusion: Our study showed that understanding the experiences of caregivers of AT users is central as they are directly and indirectly impacted by the PWC in their lives and caregiving roles. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The caregivers experienced some burden related to wheelchair-related help, especially around the driving of the powered wheelchair (PWC). However, the PWC provide independence not only to the user but also to the family caregivers, allowing them to share quality time and helping each other The PWC impact the interaction with the social and physical environment of the caregivers. Caregiver-oriented interventions should build on the strengths of the caregivers and contribute to their well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate detection plays a critical role in improving the safety situation of vulnerable road users. This study extends infrastructure-based LiDAR application to all three major vulnerable road user groups including pedestrians, cyclists, and wheelchair users. Two critical problems for accurate detection of small-sized road users are scanning angle variability and feature fluctuation. To address these issues, a feature-based classification method combined with prior LiDAR trajectory information is developed. Effective dimension-related features are proposed and five classifiers including artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), random under-sampling boosting (RUSBoost), and long short-term memory (LSTM) are tested with a novel feature engineering process. A total of seven features are selected from the point cloud of clusters for vehicle/pedestrian/cyclist/wheelchair classification. By updating these significant features based on prior information of the entire trajectory, the performance of road user classification (imbalanced datasets) has been significantly improved. Experimental study is conducted to examine the recall rate, F1-score, and AUC of vehicles, pedestrians, cyclists, and wheelchairs before and after integration with prior trajectory information. The result shows the trained AdaBoost, RUSBoost, and LSTM classifiers with prior trajectory information can achieve recall/F1-score/AUC: (1) Low traffic volumes – vehicles (100%/99.96%/99.96%), pedestrians (99.96%/99.96%/99.97%), cyclists (99.74%/99.45%/99.67%), and wheelchairs (99.22%/99.68%/99.01%) and (2) Moderate traffic volumes – vehicles (99.39%/99.44%/99.69%), pedestrians (98.33%/97.99%/98.64%), and cyclists (95.41%/94.29%/94.40%), using 32-laser LiDAR sensors (10 Hz). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate finite element (FE) models of commercial manual and power wheelchairs, as well as related test fixtures and tiedown hardware, to provide tools for designing integrated wheelchair seating stations for automated and other vehicles. Methods: The manual wheelchair model is based on a Ki Mobility Catalyst 5, and the power wheelchair is based on a Quantum Rehab Q6 Edge 2.0 with Synergy Seating. A 3D Sense scanner was used to capture wheelchair geometry. Wheelchairs were disassembled into components to collect masses and additional dimensions. These geometric data were used to construct computer-aided design (CAD) models of each product. Additional fixture models were generated from available drawings for the surrogate wheelchair base (SWCB), surrogate wheelchair 4-point strap tiedowns, traditional docking hardware, and hardware meeting Universal Docking Interface Geometry (UDIG). Models were constructed in LS-DYNA. For each wheelchair, between 1 and 3 dynamic sled tests in front, lateral, and rear directions were conducted for a total of 13 tests with varying wheelchair securement methods to obtain validation data. Frontal and rear impact tests used a Hybrid III midsized male, whereas the side impact tests used the ES-2re. Validation sled pulses were nominally 20 g–48 km/h for frontal tests, 10 g–22 km/h for lateral tests, and 14 g–30 km/h for rear impact tests. CORrelation and Analysis (CORA) scores were calculated for head and chest resultant accelerations. Results: Validation results include comparison of component masses, overall wheelchair and anthropomorphic test device (ATD) kinematics, ATD head and chest signals, and calculation of CORA scores for head and chest resultant accelerations. For the 2 wheelchairs and SWCB, total model mass was within 1% to 4% of physical mass. Across the 13 test conditions, head acceleration CORA scores ranged from 0.71 to 0.92 in 8 conditions and from 0.52 to 0.67 in 5 conditions. For chest acceleration, CORA scores ranged from 0.73 to 0.96 in 8 conditions and from 0.51 to 0.67 in 5 conditions. In addition, residual deformation was similar between test and model in conditions where it occurred. Conclusions: These publicly available tools will allow vehicle safety engineers to design equitable occupant protection systems for occupants who travel while seated in their wheelchairs. They will also be the baseline for ongoing research to develop parametric wheelchair models for additional occupant sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This review reports on the use of sensors in wheelchair sports to monitor and analyze performance during match and training time. With rapid advancements in electronics and related technologies, understanding performance metrics in wheelchair sports is essential. We reviewed nine studies using various sensor types, including electric motors, inertial measurement units, miniaturized data loggers with magnetic reed switches, and smartphones with inbuilt accelerometers and gyroscopes, operating at frequencies from 8 Hz to 1200 Hz. These studies measured parameters such as angular and translational velocities, distance, number of starts/pushes, and other performance indicators in sports such as basketball, rugby, tennis, and racing. Despite differences in sport types and methodologies, most studies found sensor-derived data effective for assessment of performance. Future developments and research in this field should focus on multi-sensor systems that could provide real-time match analysis and deeper insights into performance metrics. Overall, sensor technologies show significant potential for improving wheelchair sport performance diagnostics, contributing to better athlete training and future wheelchair design, and enhancing competitive outcomes. This review emphasizes the need for continued innovation and standardization in applying sensor technologies in wheelchair sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the review was to explore current factors affecting the use of a powered wheelchair for an adult person a with a disability. Materials and Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Information about the characteristics of the studies (type, setting) and perceived barriers and facilitators to powered wheelchair use were extracted using a data extraction sheet. Data synthesis was achieved using narrative synthesis. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields (SQAC) and the CASP checklist (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme), Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network). Results: Fifteen studies qualified for inclusion in the review. The narrative synthesis produced a conceptual map of reported factors affecting the usability of a powered wheelchair. Conclusions: This review demonstrates that powered wheelchair use is a multifaceted and multidisciplinary phenomenon that is dependent on numerous interconnected factors including individual adjustment, stakeholder cooperation, societal attitudes, functional performance, and environmental features. Based on the review findings, there are several applied learning outcomes and practical applications to the powered wheelchair prescription and provision. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The rejection, misuse or damage of a powered wheelchair can result in condition deterioration and loss of independence for the user. Adult powered wheelchair prescription, maintenance, and use is a multi-faceted process spanning social, individual, environmental, technical and functional, and organisational factors. Individuals in this stakeholder network should aim to account for these interdisciplinary factors when engaging with people who use powered wheelchairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the feasibility of an intervention using modified ride-on cars in terms of acceptability and potential changes in goal attainment, mobility, social function, and participation of children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Materials and Methods: A pre- and post-intervention feasibility study was conducted with children with CZS, levels IV and V of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The intervention consisted of 12 weeks of training (3 times a week for 40 min per session) and 4 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcomes included adherence, satisfaction, and learning in mobility. Secondary outcomes encompassed goal attainment, mobility, social/cognitive function, and participation. Descriptive statistics were performed. To explore potential individual changes with the intervention, Wilcoxon test was used to analyze Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory – Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) data and Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM)/Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY), along with standard error measurements of the PEDI-CAT domains Results: Four children participated (median age 4.75 years; two females: three at level V on the GMFCS). Adherence was 75% of the total intervention time, and family members reported being satisfied or very satisfied. Children showed gains in learning the use of the modified ride-on cars and an increase in goal attainment after the intervention. Individual changes were observed in the PEDI-CAT domains (mobility and social/cognitive), but there were no significant changes in participation outcomes. Conclusions: Children with CZS at GMFCS levels IV and V can learn to use motorized ride-on cars, attainment goals, and experience satisfaction. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Motorized mobility for children with Congenital Zika Syndrome and severe physical and cognitive disabilities is feasible and can encourage future interventions focused on activities and participation. This research contributes to the understanding of the potential changes that motorized mobility can have on goal attainment, satisfaction, and learning. Motorized mobility can be a means to enable children with Congenital Zika Syndrome to have opportunities for participation and guarantee their rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Monitoring player mobility in wheelchair sports is crucial for helping coaches understand activity dynamics and optimize training programs. However, the lack of data from monitoring tools, combined with a lack of standardized processing approaches and ineffective data presentation, limits their usability outside of research teams. To address these issues, this study aimed to propose a simple and efficient algorithm for identifying locomotor tasks (static, forward/backward propulsion, pivot/tight/wide rotation) during wheelchair movements, utilizing kinematic data from standard wheelchair mobility tests. Methods: Each participant's wheelchair was equipped with inertial measurement units—two on the wheel axes and one on the frame. A total of 36 wheelchair tennis and badminton players completed at least one of three proposed tests: the star test, the figure-of-eight test, and the forward/backward test. Locomotor tasks were identified using a five-step procedure involving data reduction, symbolic approximation, and logical pattern searching. Results: This method successfully identified 99% of locomotor tasks for the star test, 95% for the figure-of-eight test, and 100% for the forward/backward test. Conclusion: The proposed method offers a valuable tool for the simple and clear identification and representation of locomotor tasks over extended periods. Future research should focus on applying this method to wheelchair court sports matches and daily life scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe gross mechanical efficiency of the manual wheelchair propulsion movement is particularly low compared to other movements. The energy losses in the manual wheelchair propulsion movement are partly due to energy losses associated with the wheelchair, and especially to the rolling resistance of the wheels. The distribution of mass between the front rear wheels and the caster wheels has a significant impact on the rolling resistance. The study of the caster wheels cannot therefore be neglected due to their involvement in rolling resistance. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the power dissipated due to rolling resistance by different caster wheels, at different speeds and under different loadings on various terrains. Four caster wheels of different shapes, diameters, and materials were tested on two surfaces representative of indoor sports surfaces at four different speeds and under four loadings. The results showed a minimal dissipated power of 0.4±0.2W for the skate caster, on the parquet, at 0.5 m/s and under a loading of 50 N. The maximal mean power dissipated was 43.3±27.6W still for the skate caster, but on the Taraflex, at 1.5 m/s and under loading of 200 N. The power dissipated on the parquet was lower than the one on the Taraflex. The Spherical and Omniwheel caster wheels dissipated less power than the two other casters. This study showed that caster wheels cannot be neglected in the assessment of gross mechanical efficiency, particularly in light of the power dissipated by athletes during propulsion.Highlights the importance of choosing the right front casters depending on the conditions of use of the manual wheelchair.First study to evaluate power dissipation due to rolling resistance in front casters during wheelchair propulsion.Shows that a Taraflex type floor is not suitable for wheelchair sports performance and injury prevention purposes and lower musculoskeletal constraints with equivalent performance.Highlights the importance of choosing the right front casters depending on the conditions of use of the manual wheelchair.First study to evaluate power dissipation due to rolling resistance in front casters during wheelchair propulsion.Shows that a Taraflex type floor is not suitable for wheelchair sports performance and injury prevention purposes and lower musculoskeletal constraints with equivalent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptation to technological advancements and intelligent digital tools can enable healthcare providers to overcome the challenges of their patient-oriented care systems and processes. One such intelligent tool is automated assistive robots, which can improve patient care and safety in the health sector. This paper presents an invariant set of continuous nonlinear control laws for an assistive robot and a rehabilitation wheelchair robot modeled as a new autonomous robotic dog and rehabilitation wheelchair system for navigating a highly constrained environment. The control laws are derived from the Lyapunov-based control scheme classified under the umbrella of artificial potential field (APF) methods, and inherently proved stability of the new heterogeneous system. The robotic dog guides the wheelchair robot during the navigation process in a cluttered environment where the avoidances are from the robotic dog and the integrated dynamic protective polygon. The wheelchair traverses the obstacle-free path traced by the dynamic polygon. The leash is flexible, and its length is bounded, which invariably provides the protective polygon to change its intrinsic dimension. Thus, the dual-robot system has increased mobility for obstacle avoidance and passing through narrow passageways. The solution proffered herein is only feasible in a highly constrained and isolated human environment where nothing else appears to be moving in the direction of the robotic dog and wheelchair. The computer simulations and associated convergence graphs present the efficacy of the unique control laws for the new heterogeneous robotic system. Adoption of such control laws and their suitable variants can make a big impact in the healthcare industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional wheelchairs are pushed from behind the occupant, which hinders eye contact and communication. It was proposed that the wheelchair be pushed from the side using a push bar to place the caregiver beside the occupant. However, this method requires the caregiver to exert continuous effort to maintain a straight trajectory because the force at the lateral push location generates a moment. This study explores simple modifications to the front castor wheel of the wheelchair that allow pushing it from the side without additional effort. We used a three-dimensional dynamic model of the castor wheel to predict the effects of altering its dimensions and rake, cant, and bank angle and present a simplified steady-state solution. Experimental results support the model's predictions, and a proof-of-concept experiment with a wheelchair showed that it is possible to push a wheelchair from the side without increasing forces or moments. The results also confirmed that the lateral ground reaction force generated on the castor wheel is proportional to the normal force and the cant angle, which can counter the moment caused by the lateral push location. The implications of this model extend beyond wheelchair design and can be applied to other applications that use castor wheels, such as robotics, trolleys, and walkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundPurposeMaterials and methodsResults and Conclusions\nImplications for RehabilitationWheelchair racing is a traditional modality of Paralympic athletics. In general, racing wheelchairs are customized according to the athletes’ anthropometric conditions, based on pre-established dimensions according to the manufacturer’s manual. Usually, athletes choose the dimensions for their new sports wheelchairs, and when they are delivered for use, they often have problems due to incorrect body adjustments.To develop a new customization methodology that is made possible through a new multi-adjustable racing wheelchair prescription equipment (RWPE) for athletics. This equipment performs several measurements and adjustments according to the athlete’s anthropometric characteristics, evaluating the best-fit athlete to obtain better performance in the personalized wheelchair.Customizing racing wheelchairs is based on anthropometric measurements of the individual and specific ergonomic adjustments for better performance and safety. The RWPE is a multi-adjustment device composed of modules that use measuring instruments to guarantee maximum precision and accuracy of the assessments. This project’s innovation is associated with the multi-regulation equipment itself and a conventional process of manufacturing a racing wheelchair through an online form. The RWPE has a robust and rigid structure for conducting race-track experimental tests.The experimental tests allowed the equipment to be validated regarding safety, comfort, and prescription methodology. A high-performance athlete validated the equipment and prescription methodology, and as a result, a new version of a parameterized wheelchair was also developed using the prescription methodology. A comparison between prescription tests showed better athlete performance regarding estimated average power, considering dimensions optimized through RWPE.Sport provides many benefits to people with disabilities, including physical and emotional benefits during rehabilitation. Therefore, this work provides a better adaptation of the athletes to their racing wheelchair, benefiting these athletes with better conditions to practice the sport and a smoother rehabilitation with less stress.When a racing wheelchair is prescribed for an athlete it needs to be suited to the individual’s posture. Incorrectly prescribed racing wheelchairs can cause serious damage to the athlete’s health. In this way, this work encourages better collaboration with practitioners of the sport during prescription of their racing wheelchair.In addition to being used for prescription racing wheelchairs, the presented equipment can also be used for training, physical conditioning and rehabilitation of people with disabilities.Sport provides many benefits to people with disabilities, including physical and emotional benefits during rehabilitation. Therefore, this work provides a better adaptation of the athletes to their racing wheelchair, benefiting these athletes with better conditions to practice the sport and a smoother rehabilitation with less stress.When a racing wheelchair is prescribed for an athlete it needs to be suited to the individual’s posture. Incorrectly prescribed racing wheelchairs can cause serious damage to the athlete’s health. In this way, this work encourages better collaboration with practitioners of the sport during prescription of their racing wheelchair.In addition to being used for prescription racing wheelchairs, the presented equipment can also be used for training, physical conditioning and rehabilitation of people with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent nursing wheelchairs significantly enhance mobility and independence for elderly individuals with disabilities. However, traditional designs often suffer from large turning radii that restrict their functionality in confined spaces. Addressing this critical challenge, this study introduces an innovative design utilizing a Mecanum wheel chassis that allows for omnidirectional movement, significantly improving maneuverability and stability. Our design incorporates independently controlled Mecanum wheels, overcoming traditional constraints and enhancing user autonomy. To address issues such as wheel spacing variations and hub center tilting, which can lead to slipping and inaccurate motion control, we developed a novel suspension system that stabilizes the chassis, minimizes slipping risks, and boosts motion control accuracy. Experimental validations, including shock absorption and positioning tests, demonstrate that our suspension system markedly enhances the wheelchair's control performance and stability, thereby providing users with enhanced precision and potentially improving their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rotary actuator effectively drives the motion of a power wheelchair, which distinguishes it from manual wheelchairs. For the design and development of a smart robotic power wheelchair (SRPW) prototype, the choice of rotary actuators (RA) is critical. However, the wide range of RA features available commercially make it challenging to choose an appropriate and valuable device for a SRPW prototype. This article employs four multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches, including (Additive Ratio Assessment) ARAS, (Complex Proportional Assessment) COPRAS, (Evaluation Based on Distance from Solution) EDAS, and (Grey Relation Analysis) GRA, along with the (Criteria Importance through Inter-Criteria Correlation) CRITIC weight assignment technique, to rank 10 alternatives RAs with 7 competing criteria such as cost, weight, voltage, current, power, torque, and speed. Due to the different rankings generated by these methods, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is used to resolve disagreements and highlight the optimum ranking for the decision matrix. Based on the Copeland voting rule, RA-6 is the most suitable alternative, while RA-10 is found to be the least ideal of the ten alternatives. The rankings have been robustly analyzed with sensitivity analysis on cost parameters and found to be quite helpful in leading future research communities and prototype developers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to further previous research and gather additional information regarding the usage of motorized shopping scooters as well as feedback for improvements to an air-powered scooter. Methods: Online surveys were used to assess individuals' shopping characteristics and experience using the motorized scooters and to gather feedback from store employees regarding their experience. K-Means clustering analysis was used to determine user demographics who chose to use the air-powered scooter versus the electric-powered scooter while shopping. Results: A total of 127 individuals provided informed consent, 65 individuals from site 1 and 62 individuals from site 2. One hundred twenty participants met the inclusion criteria and completed the survey. K-Means clustering found that age, type of personal mobility device, shopping bill total, and frequency using a motorized shopping scooter to be significant factors in whether individuals chose to use an air-powered scooter or electric-powered scooter. Conclusions: Motorized shopping scooters are in high demand and used by awide variety of individuals, yet electric-powered scooters are commonly unavailable because of having dead batteries or all the devices being in use. Air-powered scooters may serve as a practical replacement for the current electric-powered scooters found in grocery and retail stores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Wheelchairs are a basic necessity for people with disabilities, especially people with physical disabilities. Although conventional wheelchairs have aided the mobility of people with disabilities, they are limited in scope due to physical exhaustion and health problems from sitting in wheelchairs for a long time. This research is important to develop seatback and cushion features for Health Electric Wheelchair Portable IoT-Based wheelchairs, for easy and comfortable mobility for people with disabilities. The development of wheelchairs aims to reduce the negative impact of prolonged immobilization on people with physical disabilities. Methods: Research & Development method. The development stage: 1). The development of pads for Health Electric Wheelchair Portable IoT-Based seatback and cushion needed by wheelchair users; 2). Development of expert-validated Health Electric Wheelchair Portable IoT-Based ergonomics and seatback in accordance with the needs of wheelchair users to improve physical independence; 3). Modify components and equipment for Health Electric Wheelchair Portable IoT-Based cushion and seatback. Results: The result of this development of this wheelchair pays attention to ergonomic design by developing seatback and chair features for Health Electric Wheelchair Portable IoT-Based wheelchairs to provide safety and comfort when using wheel-chairs, especially physical disability. Conclusion: The development of cushion and seatback on wheelchairs can reduce the negative impact of immobilization on people with physical disabilities and is able to provide broad access for users to mobilize on wheelchairs and can adjust to the ergonomics of each user's body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Operating a powered wheelchair involves significant risks and requires considerable cognitive effort to maintain effective awareness of the surrounding environment. Therefore, people with significant disabilities are at a higher risk, leading to a decrease in their social interactions, which can impact their overall health and well-being. Thus, we propose an intelligent driving-assistance system that innovatively uses Transformers, typically employed in Natural Language Processing, for navigation and a retrieval mechanism, allowing users to specify their destinations using natural language. The system records the areas visited and enables users to pinpoint these locations through descriptions, which will be considered later in the retrieval phase. Taking a foundational model, the system is fine-tuned with simulated data. The preliminary results demonstrate the system's effectiveness compared to non-assisted solutions and its readiness for deployment on edge devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, intelligent wheelchairs have been developed to fulfill the needs of wheelchair users by gathering information from the environment to make autonomous decisions. This paper proposes an intelligent object manipulation algorithm that leverages users' intentions, past experiences, and preferences. To gather the necessary information for object placement, a human study involving 20 healthy participants was conducted. The study included two situation‐based object placement scenarios and object placement when objects were given in pairs. Building on the authors' previously developed electromyography‐based wheelchair navigation algorithm, a semiautonomous object manipulation algorithm was developed. This new algorithm was tested in the CoppeliaSim simulation environment by replicating the tasks performed in the human study. The object arrangements in the simulation were then compared to the results from the human study. The findings indicate that the implemented object manipulation algorithm successfully replicated the outcomes observed in the human study. The application of this controller is expected to significantly enhance accessibility for individuals with impaired motor functionalities in addition to their ambulatory impairments. This development represents a significant step forward in creating user‐friendly and adaptive assistive technologies for wheelchair users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global context, advancements in technology and science have rendered virtual, augmented, and mixed-reality technologies capable of transforming clinical care and medical environments by offering enhanced features and improved healthcare services. This paper aims to present a mixed reality-based system to control a robotic wheelchair for people with limited mobility. The test group comprised 11 healthy subjects (six male, five female, mean age 35.2 ± 11.7 years). A novel platform that integrates a smart wheelchair and an eye-tracking-enabled head-mounted display was proposed to reduce the cognitive requirements needed for wheelchair movement and control. The approach's effectiveness was demonstrated by evaluating our system in realistic scenarios. The demonstration of the proposed AR head-mounted display user interface for controlling a smart wheelchair and the results provided in this paper could highlight the potential of the HoloLens 2-based innovative solutions and bring focus to emerging research topics, such as remote control, cognitive rehabilitation, the implementation of patient autonomy with severe disabilities, and telemedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a significant technological innovation in the fields of medicine and geriatric care, smart care wheelchairs offer a novel approach to providing high-quality care services and improving the quality of care. The aim of this review article is to examine the development, applications and prospects of smart nursing wheelchairs, with particular emphasis on their assistive nursing functions, multiple-sensor fusion technology, and human–machine interaction interfaces. First, we describe the assistive functions of nursing wheelchairs, including position changing, transferring, bathing, and toileting, which significantly reduce the workload of nursing staff and improve the quality of care. Second, we summarized the existing multiple-sensor fusion technology for smart nursing wheelchairs, including LiDAR, RGB-D, ultrasonic sensors, etc. These technologies give wheelchairs autonomy and safety, better meeting patients' needs. We also discussed the human–machine interaction interfaces of intelligent care wheelchairs, such as voice recognition, touch screens, and remote controls. These interfaces allow users to operate and control the wheelchair more easily, improving usability and maneuverability. Finally, we emphasized the importance of multifunctional-integrated care wheelchairs that integrate assistive care, navigation, and human–machine interaction functions into a comprehensive care solution for users. We are looking forward to the future and assume that smart nursing wheelchairs will play an increasingly important role in medicine and geriatric care. By integrating advanced technologies such as enhanced artificial intelligence, intelligent sensors, and remote monitoring, we expect to further improve patients' quality of care and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate children's characteristics and impact of a powered wheelchair lending program including comparisons of diagnostic sub-groups, and validation of a predictive model of powered mobility proficiency. This retrospective study included 172 children who participated in the ALYN powered mobility lending program from 3/2009-7/2022. Demographics and functional levels were measured via questionnaires; driving proficiency was evaluated when the wheelchair was returned, and parents and children were interviewed following their participation in the program. Two diagnostic groups were identified: cerebral palsy (CP) (n = 136, median = 9.75 yrs) and other neuromuscular diseases (NMD) (n = 30, median = 5.83 yrs). They differed significantly in the age they commenced PM training, the male/female ratio, walking ability and access mode. Fifty-seven percent of the participants with CP achieved powered mobility proficiency, a rate that was significantly lower than the 73% proficiency found for the NMD group. Four significant predictors were identified: communication, manual wheelchair operation, access mode and go-stop upon request. They predicted proficiency in approximately 80% of cases. Overall feedback from the parents and children indicated that their personal and family's quality of life improved as a result of their child's ability to use a powered wheelchair. A lending program provides children with opportunities to improve mobility skills in an appropriate powered wheelchair. Children who can communicate verbally, propel a manual wheelchair, use a joystick and go-stop upon request are significantly more likely to become proficient drivers; however, many who were unable to complete these tasks also improved and even became proficient drivers. Children who are able to engage in verbal communication, propel a manual wheelchair for short distances, use a joystick and go-stop upon request are significantly likely to become a proficient powered wheelchair drivers. Children with cerebral palsy who have greater physical challenges (e.g., cannot walk at all or propel a manual wheelchair) can reach powered mobility proficiency following practice with a powered wheelchair borrowed from a lending program, although at a lower rate than those with other neuromuscular diseases; additional training strategies should be developed to increase the percent success for children with cerebral palsy. A multivariate logistic regression was able to correctly predict whether a child will become proficient driver in 80% of case. Training with a powered wheelchair from the lending program enabled parents to observe their children's independent mobility in their home environment; they reported improvement in the family's quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steering a wheelchair while navigating through manual doors or against obstacles is challenging for some users. Previously, a low-cost, low-tech accessory made using off-the-shelf components, conventional manufacturing, and 3D-printed fasteners demonstrated the proof-of-concept for uncrossable positive obstacle pushing or gliding. Current work presents the fabrication and testing of an entirely 3D-printed prototype of the accessory. The accessory was 3D-printed using ABS (10% fill density) in sections. A finite element stress analysis simulation was performed for the entire accessory. Prototype tests were done with the accessory installed on an unoccupied powered wheelchair against a door and an obstacle with ∼25 N and ∼50 N resistance forces, respectively. The maximum stresses in none of the crucial components exceeded the break strength of ABS. Test results demonstrate the ability and mechanical robustness of the fully 3D-printed accessory to push open manual doors, allowing easy navigation through doors, and to push or glide against obstacles. The current prototype improves over the previous prototype in terms of manufacturability, weight, design, and safety. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an entirely 3D-printed wheelchair accessory that pushes or glides against uncrossable positive obstacles. Future studies would involve end-user satisfaction assessment and functionality evaluation in different scenarios under clinical supervision. The pushing or gliding ability of the accessory could be beneficial to wheelchair users with neuromuscular disorders or paraplegia. Low-tech 3D-printed accessory allows wheelchair users to push or glide against doors and other obstacles. Protective nature of the accessory could prove highly beneficial to some wheelchair users (those with diabetic feet). Pushing or gliding ability of the accessory could be beneficial to wheelchair users with neuromuscular disorders or paraplegia. Accessory could reduce wheelchair accidents and falls due to uncrossable positive obstacles. 3D printing allows easy prototyping of wheelchair-related assistive technology solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Japan, the number of power wheelchair users is increasing as the country becomes an aging society. This trend is expected to continue in the future. Electric wheelchairs currently on the market include (1) bar-handle-type power wheelchairs for older users and (2) joystick-type power wheelchairs that change direction by operating a joystick. When such electric wheelchairs are used outdoors, the problem is curb-climbing at the boundary between the roadway and the sidewalk. It would be difficult for a wheelchair with a small front wheel diameter of 200 mm to overcome a curb height of 50 mm. Therefore, users are forced to take a detour or drive on the street to avoid the curb step. One of the most effective ways to solve this problem is to increase the wheel diameter. However, larger wheels make it more difficult for users to get in and out of the wheelchair. In addition, there are problems such as an increased footprint when turning, which makes the wheelchairs difficult to use on narrow streets. In this paper, using a joystick-type six-wheel electric wheelchair as an example, we examined the mechanism by which an electric wheelchair can overcome curb climbing and consider improvements to the chassis with a method that does not rely on increasing the wheel diameter. As a result, it became possible to overcome a curb of 96 mm in height with a front-wheel diameter of 200 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project focuses on the design and development of an automatic adjustable ergonomic wheelchair aimed at improving comfort and usability for individuals with disabilities. The wheelchair contains advanced ergonomics features to find out the issues related to posture, pressure points and overall comfort during extended periods of usage. The key components of the wheelchair include adjustable seat height, backrest angle, armrest height and footrest position all are controlled through the latest technology for the user's convenience. The ergonomic design considers the natural alignment of the body used to minimize strain and discomfort. This contains automatic pressure relief mechanisms to reduce the risk pressure ulcers. This system utilizes sensors and a joystick to periodically adjust the seating position and airbag features and promote circulation. To enhance mobility and accessibility this wheelchair obtains smart navigation, obstacle detection systems, enabling users to need care safety in various equipped with connectivity features for remote monitoring and adjustments, facilitating personalized support and maintenance. The proposed automatic adjustable ergonomic wheelchair offers significant improvements in comfort, safety and overall quality of life for individuals with disabilities. Customizable features enhance wheelchair comfort, functionality, and adaptability to meet individual user needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A system has been developed to convert manual wheelchairs into electric wheelchairs, providing assistance to users through the implemented algorithm, which ensures safe driving and obstacle avoidance. While manual wheelchairs are typically controlled indoors based on user preferences, they do not guarantee safe driving in areas outside the user's field of vision. The proposed model utilizes the dynamic window approach specifically designed for wheelchair use, allowing for obstacle avoidance. This method evaluates potential movements within a defined velocity space to calculate the optimal path, providing seamless and safe driving assistance in real time. This innovative approach enhances user assistance and safety by integrating state-of-the-art algorithms developed using the dynamic window approach alongside advanced sensor technology. With the assistance of LiDAR sensors, the system perceives the wheelchair's surroundings, generating real-time speed values within the algorithm framework to ensure secure driving. The model's ability to adapt to indoor environments and its robust performance in real-world scenarios underscore its potential for widespread application. This study has undergone various tests, conclusively proving that the system aids users in avoidance obstacles and ensures safe driving. These tests demonstrate significant improvements in maneuverability and user safety, highlighting a noteworthy advancement in assistive technology for individuals with limited mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundAimMaterials and MethodsResultsConclusion\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONWhen selecting a manual wheelchair frame, the choice between rigid and folding frames carries significant implications. Traditional folding frames are expected to have more rolling resistance and power dissipation caused by frame deformation, while they are more convenient for transportation, such as in a car. A new hybrid frame, designed to be more rigid, aims to minimize power dissipation while still retaining foldability.This study aimed to assess rolling resistance, power output, propulsion technique and physiological demands of handrim wheelchair propulsion across three different frames: a rigid frame, a hybrid frame and a conventional folding frame.Forty-eight able-bodied participants performed coast-down tests using inertial measurement units to determine rolling resistance. Subsequently, four-minute submaximal exercise block under steady-state conditions at 1.11 m/s were performed on a wheelchair ergometer (n = 24) or treadmill (n = 24) to determine power output, propulsion technique and physiological demands.Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the hybrid frame exhibited the lowest rolling resistance (7.0 ± 1.5N, p ≤ 0.001) and required less power output (8.3 ± 1.0W, p ≤ 0.001) at a given speed, compared to both the folding (9.3 ± 2.2N, 10.8 ± 1.4W) and rigid frame (8.0 ± 1.9N, 9.4 ± 1.6W). Subsequently, this resulted in significantly lower applied forces and push frequency for the hybrid frame. The folding frame had the highest energy expenditure (hybrid: 223 ± 44 W, rigid: 234 ± 51 W, folding: 240 ± 46 W, p ≤ 0.001).The hybrid frame demonstrated to be a biomechanically and physiologically beneficial solution compared to the folding frame, exhibiting lower rolling resistance, reduced power output, and consequently minimizing force application and push frequency, all while retaining its folding mechanism.A hybrid frame, developed as an intermediary solution between a folding and rigid frame, presents reduced biomechanical and physiological demands compared to a folding frame. This is attributed to its decreased need for propulsive forces and energy expenditure, resulting from lower rolling resistanceDespite the hybrid frame offering lower rolling resistance and thus requiring less propulsive force as the rigid frame, it experiences internal power losses due to movement between its interconnected pieces. Consequently, the net mechanical efficiency of the hybrid frame is inferior to that of the rigid frame, resulting in a similar energy expenditure between the hybrid and rigid frames.The hybrid frame emerges as a potentially more advantageous option than a conventional folding frame, as it diminishes biomechanical and physiological strain while retaining a folding mechanism, to ensure easy transportation.A hybrid frame, developed as an intermediary solution between a folding and rigid frame, presents reduced biomechanical and physiological demands compared to a folding frame. This is attributed to its decreased need for propulsive forces and energy expenditure, resulting from lower rolling resistanceDespite the hybrid frame offering lower rolling resistance and thus requiring less propulsive force as the rigid frame, it experiences internal power losses due to movement between its interconnected pieces. Consequently, the net mechanical efficiency of the hybrid frame is inferior to that of the rigid frame, resulting in a similar energy expenditure between the hybrid and rigid frames.The hybrid frame emerges as a potentially more advantageous option than a conventional folding frame, as it diminishes biomechanical and physiological strain while retaining a folding mechanism, to ensure easy transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe increasing prevalence of mobility impairments underscores the urgent need for accessible and affordable mobility aids. To overcome the mobility limitations of people with disabilities, there is an increasing need for the development of lightweight and portable powered wheelchairs that can be easily loaded. This study aimed to perform an early health technology assessment and a formative usability evaluation on a modular (detachable) powered wheelchair. It aimed to gauge device satisfaction among users, pinpoint areas for improvement, and detect any unforeseen errors to inform future development. Engaging 16 participants, including powered wheelchair users, healthcare professionals, and caregivers, the research evaluated the wheelchair’s functionality in various scenarios, emphasizing safety, effectiveness, and convenience. Statistical analyses of task performance and satisfaction surveys highlighted that, while powered wheelchair users successfully completed tasks focusing on driving and power control, healthcare professionals and caregivers encountered difficulties with the wheelchair’s assembly and disassembly. Despite general positivity, the surveys indicated mixed satisfaction levels regarding safety, validity, and convenience, with specific issues related to frame durability, seat comfort, and control mechanisms. These findings suggest that refining the wheelchair’s design and addressing user concerns could significantly enhance satisfaction and mobility services. Future efforts will include a thorough review of an advanced prototype and further satisfaction assessments.We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature by addressing a critical gap in the understanding of user-centric design and usability testing for powered wheelchairs.By emphasizing the importance of early assessments and incorporating user feedback into the development process, our research offers practical insights for creating more accessible and user-friendly mobility solutions.This contribution is particularly relevant in the context of advancing assistive technology and improving the quality of life for individuals with disabilities.We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature by addressing a critical gap in the understanding of user-centric design and usability testing for powered wheelchairs.By emphasizing the importance of early assessments and incorporating user feedback into the development process, our research offers practical insights for creating more accessible and user-friendly mobility solutions.This contribution is particularly relevant in the context of advancing assistive technology and improving the quality of life for individuals with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPurpose of the Article: To (1) summarise the personal and clinical characteristics of persons with disabilities (PwDs) in the US who were evaluated for mobility assistive equipment (MAE) in the functional mobility assessment and uniform dataset (FMA/UDS) and (2) stratify subpopulations of PwD who reported falling versus those who do not report a fall.Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive cohort analysis of adults with disabilities using the FMA/UDS. Data are collected during a user’s initial evaluation for a new mobility device. The sample is intentionally general to be inclusive of all mobility device users. The primary variable of interest was a patient-reported fall within the 3 months leading up to their evaluation for a new mobility device. Subpopulation characteristics were stratified by this binary fall variable.Results and Conclusions: This study provides descriptions of PwDs being evaluated for a new mobility device. There were 11,084 PwDs with 31 different primary diagnoses. During their new mobility device evaluation, 52.2% of PwDs reported at least one fall in the last 3 months. For those who reported a fall, 46.6% of PwDs were using a walking aid or no device at all before the new mobility device evaluation. Additionally, persons with progressively acquired disabilities (i.e., Parkinson’s disease, osteoarthritis and cardiopulmonary disease) reported higher rates of falls than those with congenital disabilities (i.e., cerebral palsy and spina bifida). These findings will influence future studies comparing different types of devices and their influence on falls and user satisfaction.52.2% of persons with disabilities (PwDs) seeking a new wheelchair evaluation reported at least one fall in the last 3 months.Persons with progressively acquired disabilities (i.e., Parkinson’s disease, osteoarthritis and cardiopulmonary disease) reported higher rates of falls than those with congenital disabilities (i.e., cerebral palsy and spina bifida).Earlier interventions for fall prevention including professional wheelchair evaluations may be warranted, but further research is necessary to explore long-term effectiveness.52.2% of persons with disabilities (PwDs) seeking a new wheelchair evaluation reported at least one fall in the last 3 months.Persons with progressively acquired disabilities (i.e., Parkinson’s disease, osteoarthritis and cardiopulmonary disease) reported higher rates of falls than those with congenital disabilities (i.e., cerebral palsy and spina bifida).Earlier interventions for fall prevention including professional wheelchair evaluations may be warranted, but further research is necessary to explore long-term effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In France, tens of thousands of people use a wheelchair. Driving powered wheelchairs (PWCs) present risks for users and their families. The risk of collision in PWC driver increases with severity of disability and may reduce their independence to drive. The European ADAPT project has developed a robotic assistance add-on for PWCs to prevent collisions and improve their driving performance. The aim of the SWADAPT2 study is to assess the benefit of this robotic assistance add-on arranged on a Standard Quickie Salsa M2 PWC in a population of PWC drivers with neurological disorders and driving difficulties. Eighteen (18) participants tested the system on three circuits of increasing difficulty, with and without the robotic assistance add-on. The benefit of the robotic assistance add-on was important especially on the more difficult circuits without impacting cognitive load or driving speed. The number of collisions was significantly reduced when using robotic assistance add-on from 2.16 to 0.36 on circuit 2 (p = 0.009) and from 7.3 to 1.33 on circuit 3 (p = 0.0009). Task load demand was not increased with the assistance. Finally, this system seems to be indicated to assist and improve driving safety for PWC drivers in driving difficulty. Evaluation was performed in controlled environments; therefore, further evaluation in real-world scenarios is needed to reach technology readiness. •This device is an effective technology to avoid collisions, especially for patients with neurological disorders in difficulty of driving. •Several use cases can be considered: –the equipment of drivers who are losing driving ability due to age evolution of their pathology, or anxiety –the equipment of users in driving training with difficulties, in order to facilitate access to users who are currently unable to drive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global issue of improving the quality of life for individuals with special needs calls for the fashion industry's dedication to offering equal opportunities, preventing discrimination, and raising their living standards as active members of society. The field of adaptive clothing has evolved over the years, showcasing a big progress from the early 20th century's practical solutions to the innovative technology of today. Adaptive clothing is designed to assist people with various physical limitations by incorporating features that make dressing and undressing easier, often without requiring assistance. This research delves into the critical need to enhance the quality of life for individuals with disabilities, particularly through the development of adaptive clothing tailored to the needs of wheelchair users. By thoroughly examining disability classifications and clothing requirements, it underscores the importance of tailored solutions to address comfort and functionality challenges. The study emphasizes the pivotal role of adaptive clothing in fostering independence and reducing reliance on assistance for those with physical disabilities. Through a focused case study, a garment specifically designed for wheelchair users is developed, featuring innovative design modifications aimed at optimizing both comfort and functionality. With a strong emphasis on functionality and comfort, the research prioritizes meeting both consumer preferences and physiological needs. Ultimately, the goal of this research is to raise the standard of adaptive clothing, promoting inclusivity and enhancing the overall well-being of individuals with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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AbstractPurposeMaterials and MethodsResults and Conclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONWheelchair users experience many barriers to physical activity as affordable and accessible exercise equipment options are limited. Thus, the home-based adapted rower (aROW) and gym-based aROW were developed. The objectives were to determine: 1) wheelchair users’ preferences, perspectives, facilitators, and barriers to using the home-based versus the gym-based aROW, 2) perceived usability of the home and gym aROWs, and 3) recommendations to adapt the aROW further for home and community use.In this two-phase exploratory mixed-methods study, participants completed one month of using a home aROW, followed by one month of using a community gym aROW. After each phase, participants completed a semi-structured interview and the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire. Interview data were analyzed using conventional content analysis and effect size comparing SUS data was calculated.Four categories were identified: what worked well, barriers to using the aROWs, what could be improved and important considerations. There was a large effect size in perceived usability between the aROWs with participants preferring the home aROW. Overall, rowing was enjoyable, and participants achieved positive physical outcomes. As preferences are individual, the home aROW provides wheelchair users with a potential choice between home or gym exercise.Rowing is an enjoyable and effective form of aerobic exercise for wheelchair usersWheelchair users experience social, environment and financial barriers to engaging in exerciseThe home aROW provides a low-cost and accessible option for wheelchair-adapted aerobic exerciseRowing is an enjoyable and effective form of aerobic exercise for wheelchair usersWheelchair users experience social, environment and financial barriers to engaging in exerciseThe home aROW provides a low-cost and accessible option for wheelchair-adapted aerobic exercise [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of custom seating and mobility services provided via an international service learning (ISL) model on the occupational performance of individuals with disabilities in Guatemala. A one-group prospective pretest-posttest design was implemented using the standardized Wheelchair Outcome Measure (WhOM – Spanish) administered on the day of wheelchair fitting, and at 3- and 6-month intervals after receiving seating and mobility services. A two-tailed t-test demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.001) improvement in satisfaction for in-home and out-of-home occupations for all participants (n = 71) at 3-months with a huge effect size (d > 2) and this improvement was maintained at the 6-month interval. The results were consistent for various areas of occupational performance (e.g. activities of daily living). The provision of customized seating and mobility services by occupational therapists through an ISL model demonstrated effectiveness at improving satisfaction with occupational performance for individuals with disabilities in Guatemala. Cultural humility, customization of equipment based on personal and environmental factors, inclusion of education and training, and collaboration with in-country partners were identified as contributors to positive outcomes.Custom seating and mobility services provided by licensed occupational therapists via an international service learning (ISL) model demonstrated a significant improvement on the occupational performance of individuals with disabilities in Guatemala.The customization of equipment based on environmental and personal factors and the provision of education and training were identified as contributors to positive outcomes.Rehabilitation services delivered using an ISL model should be developed and implemented with cultural humility in collaboration with in-country partners.Custom seating and mobility services provided by licensed occupational therapists via an international service learning (ISL) model demonstrated a significant improvement on the occupational performance of individuals with disabilities in Guatemala.The customization of equipment based on environmental and personal factors and the provision of education and training were identified as contributors to positive outcomes.Rehabilitation services delivered using an ISL model should be developed and implemented with cultural humility in collaboration with in-country partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seat pressure measurements in wheelchair users have been available for some time; however, repeated measurements from a commercially available pressure mat over 90 min did not differ in the pressure-loaded measurement area or the coordinates of the center of pressure, even in participants who were able to reposition themselves in the wheelchair. The question therefore arises: to what extent are there other parameters that reflect the activity of wheelchair users with the pressure mat? To investigate this, a commercial pressure mat (BodiTrak®) was used to perform the measurements of pressure of 33 adult wheelchair-dependent people with spinal cord injury after 30 and 90 min sitting on the cushion. In addition to the standard output of the pressure mat, graph-based surface analyses (calculation of the area of maximum pressure, calculation of the pressure-loaded measurement area, and pressure–area ratio) was performed retrospectively using Python 3.7. The analysis of the measurements after 30 and 90 min was performed by distinguishing the participants between those who could actively change their position (N = 24) and those who could not (N = 9). The parameters of the pressure mat and the graph-based analyses remained unchanged for active participants. In participants who were unable to actively change their position, the area of maximum pressure and the pressure–area ratio (ratio of maximum pressure area and total pressure-loaded area) increased. Significant differences between minutes 30 and 90 are only found for the pressure–area ratio. Thus, when measuring the seat pressure of wheelchair users, the pressure–area ratio should be taken into account as it reflects the daily relief activities of wheelchair users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheelchair basketball (WB) is a sport modality adapted for people with disabilities who present functional classification (FC) according to their mobility, from 1.0 for players with lesser functional capacity up to 4.5 for great mobility and trunk control players. This study aimed to analyze and compare the external load (EL) and the internal load (IL) of the WB players according to their FC in 5 × 5 simulation game tasks. The main objective of this task was to develop a simulated game in which two teams of five players faced each other to resemble the physical demands of an official match. The development of these tasks allowed for the players to learn the different systems of play, and to improve tactical skills. To conduct the study, 12 (male) national professional WB players (years: 30.7 ± 4.82 and WB experience: 5 ± 1.43) participated in the study and were grouped according to FC. WIMU PROTM devices monitored the EL manufactured by RealTrack Systems in Almería, Spain, and to measure the player's IL, GarminTM Heart Rate (HR) bands were used (GarminTM in Olathe, KS, USA). The EL variables were divided as kinematic (distance, explosive distance, acc, dec, max. acc, max. dec, average speed, max. speed) and neuromuscular (player load, impact). The IL variables were average HR, max. HR and %max. HR. The main results show that players with greater functional capacity (FC = 4.0) developed higher values in the IL and neuromuscular variables analyzed (p < 0.05), as well as in some kinematic variables like distance, dec and average speed (p < 0.05). This information is relevant because it helps to personalize the training load based on competitive demands and create a gradual and adaptable training program. This information helps athletes to develop better performance during training and prevent injuries caused by overexertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As progressive hip dislocation causes pain in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) and spasticity needs surgical correction, we aimed to describe clinical and radiographic outcomes in CP patients with painful hip deformity treated with the Castle salvage procedure. Methods: We included all patients operated in the same hospital between 1989 and 2017 with painful spastic hips and femoral head deformity making joint reconstruction unfeasible. We collected clinical and functional data from medical records and evaluated radiographies to classify cases for femoral head shape and migration, type of deformity, spinal deformity, and heterotopic ossification. We investigated quality of life one year after surgery. Results: We analyzed 41 patients (70 hips) with complete medical records. All had severe function compromise GMFCS V (Gross Motor Function Classification System) and heterotopic ossifications, all but one had scoliosis, and most had undergone other surgeries before Castle procedure. Patients were followed up for 77.1 months (mean) after surgery. The mean initial migration index was 73%. Seven patients had complications, being three patients minor (two femur and one tibial fracture) and four majors (patients requiring surgical revision). Quality of life was considered improved by most of the carers (35 children; 85.3%) as level 4/5 according to CPCHILD instrument. No child was able to stand or walk, but moving in and out of bed, of vehicles, and to a chair, remaining seated, or visiting public places was "very easy." Conclusion: We considered most patients (37 patients—90%, 66 hips—94%) as having satisfactory outcomes because they had no or minor complications, absence of pain, free mobility of the lower limbs and were able to sit in a wheelchair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite advancements in creating barrier-free environments, many buildings still have stairs, making accessibility a significant concern for wheelchair users, the majority of whom check for accessibility information before venturing out. This paper focuses on developing a transformable quadruped wheelchair to address the mobility challenges posed by stairs and steps for wheelchair users. The wheelchair, inspired by the Unitree B2 quadruped robot, combines wheels for flat surfaces and robotic legs for navigating stairs and is equipped with advanced sensors and force detectors to interact with its surroundings effectively. This research utilized reinforcement learning, specifically curriculum learning, to teach the wheelchair stair-climbing skills, with progressively increasing complexity in a simulated environment crafted in the Unity game engine. The experiments demonstrated high success rates in both stair ascent and descent, showcasing the wheelchair's potential in overcoming mobility barriers. However, the current model faces limitations in tackling various stair types, like spiral staircases, and requires further enhancements in safety and stability, particularly in the descending phase. The project illustrates a significant step towards enhancing mobility for wheelchair users, aiming to broaden their access to diverse environments. Continued improvements and testing are essential to ensure the wheelchair's adaptability and safety across different terrains and situations, underlining the ongoing commitment to technological innovation in aiding individuals with mobility impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A brain‐computer interface for operating an electric wheelchair (wheelchair BCI) has been studied to support independent living for physically disabled patients. The current wheelchair BCI systems are facing the problem that the wheelchair cannot be moved or rotated to an arbitrary place or direction in a single measurement. To solve this problem, we developed a BCI that uses audiovisual stimuli based on mixed‐reality (MR) and virtual sound sources. During the online analysis, six out of seven participants were able to move or rotate the wheelchair to the target location or direction at a rate higher than the chance level. Thus, our results indicate that audiovisual stimulation with MR and virtual sound sources may be useful for intuitive wheelchair operation. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional wheelchair focuses on the "human-chair" motor function interaction to ensure the elderly and people with disabilities' basic travel. For people with visual, hearing, physical disabilities, etc., the current wheelchairs show shortcomings in terms of accessibility and independent travel for this group. Therefore, this paper develops an intelligent wheelchair with multimodal human–computer interaction and autonomous navigation technology. Firstly, it researches the multimodal human–computer interaction technology of occupant gesture recognition, speech recognition, and head posture recognition and proposes a wheelchair control method of three-dimensional head posture mapping the two-dimensional plane. After testing, the average accuracy of the gesture, head posture and voice control modes of the motorized wheelchair proposed in this study reaches more than 95 percent. Secondly, the LiDAR-based smart wheelchair indoor autonomous navigation technology is investigated to realize the autonomous navigation of the wheelchair by constructing an environment map, using A* and DWA algorithms for global and local path planning, and adaptive Monte Carlo simulation algorithms for real-time localization. Experiments show that the position error of the wheelchair is within 10 cm, and the heading angle error is less than 5° during the autonomous navigation. The multimode human–computer interaction and assisted driving technology proposed in this study can partially compensate and replace the functional deficiencies of the disabled population and improve the quality of life of the elderly and disabled population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]