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15 results on '"Erdal, Yilmaz S."'

1. Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe

Author

Rohrlach, Adam B., Papac, Luka, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rivollat, Maïté, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Neumann, Gunnar U., Penske, Sandra, Skourtanioti, Eirini, van de Loosdrecht, Marieke, Akar, Murat, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Deguilloux, Marie-France, Dobeš, Miroslav, Erdal, Yilmaz S., Ernée, Michal, Frangipane, Marcella, Furmanek, Mirosław, Friederich, Susanne, Ghesquière, Emmanuel, Hałuszko, Agata, Hansen, Svend, Küßner, Mario, Mannino, Marcello, Özbal, Rana, Reinhold, Sabine, Rottier, Stéphane, Salazar-García, Domingo Carlos, Diaz, Jorge Soler, Stockhammer, Philipp W., de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo Roca, Yener, K. Aslihan, Posth, Cosimo, Krause, Johannes, Herbig, Alexander, and Haak, Wolfgang

Published
2021
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3. Buried with turtles: the symbolic role of the Euphrates soft-shelled turtle (Rafetus euphraticus) in Mesopotamia

Author

Berthon, Remi, Erdal, Yilmaz S., Mashkour, Marjan, and Kozbe, Gulriz

Subjects
Mortuary practice -- Analysis, Archaeology -- Research, Social science research, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

Excavations at Kavusan Hoyuk (southeastern Turkey) have revealed evidence of the use of turtles, tortoises and terrapins in post-Assyrian funerary practices. Of particular significance are the remains of the Euphrates soft-shelled turtle (Rafetus euphraticus), distinguished from other species of turtle by their quantity and treatment in the burial pit under investigation here. The unique finds from Kavusan Hoyuk, coupled with archaeological and textual records, underline the economic and symbolic significance of these animals for communities in prehistoric and early historical Mesopotamia. Keywords: Mesopotamia, Kavusan Hoyuk, post-Assyrian, Euphrates soft-shelled turtle, chelonian, Introduction The relationship between human societies and the wild animals living in and around their settlements has always been mediated by a mixture of economic interest, ritual and religious beliefs. [...]

Published
2016
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4. Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe

Author

Geografía, prehistoria y arqueología, Geografia,historiaurrea eta arkeologia, Rohrlach, Adam B., Papac, Luka, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rivollat, Maite, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Neumann, Gunnar U., Penske, Sandra, Skourtanioti, Eirini, Van de Loosdrecht, Marieke, Akar, Murat, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Deguilloux, Marie France, Dobes, Miroslav, Erdal, Yilmaz S., Ernee, Michal, Frangipane, Marcella, Furmanek, Miroslaw, Friederich, Susanne, Ghesquiere, Emmanuel, Haluszko, Agata, Hansen, Svend, Mario Küßner, Mannino, Marcello, Özbal, Rana, Reinhold, Sabine, Rottier, Stéphane, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Yener, K. Aslihan, Posth, Cosimo, Krause, Johannes, Herbig, Alexander, Haak, Wolfgang, Geografía, prehistoria y arqueología, Geografia,historiaurrea eta arkeologia, Rohrlach, Adam B., Papac, Luka, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rivollat, Maite, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Neumann, Gunnar U., Penske, Sandra, Skourtanioti, Eirini, Van de Loosdrecht, Marieke, Akar, Murat, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Deguilloux, Marie France, Dobes, Miroslav, Erdal, Yilmaz S., Ernee, Michal, Frangipane, Marcella, Furmanek, Miroslaw, Friederich, Susanne, Ghesquiere, Emmanuel, Haluszko, Agata, Hansen, Svend, Mario Küßner, Mannino, Marcello, Özbal, Rana, Reinhold, Sabine, Rottier, Stéphane, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Yener, K. Aslihan, Posth, Cosimo, Krause, Johannes, Herbig, Alexander, and Haak, Wolfgang

Abstract

Uniparentally-inherited markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome (NRY), have been used for the past 30years to investigate the history of humans from a maternal and paternal perspective. Researchers have preferred mtDNA due to its abundance in the cells, and comparatively high substitution rate. Conversely, the NRY is less susceptible to back mutations and saturation, and is potentially more informative than mtDNA owing to its longer sequence length. However, due to comparatively poor NRY coverage via shotgun sequencing, and the relatively low and biased representation of Y-chromosome variants on capture assays such as the 1240k, ancient DNA studies often fail to utilize the unique perspective that the NRY can yield. Here we introduce a new DNA enrichment assay, coined YMCA (Y-mappable capture assay), that targets the "mappable" regions of the NRY. We show that compared to low-coverage shotgun sequencing and 1240k capture, YMCA significantly improves the mean coverage and number of sites covered on the NRY, increasing the number of Y-haplogroup informative SNPs, and allowing for the identification of previously undiscovered variants. To illustrate the power of YMCA, we show that the analysis of ancient Y-chromosome lineages can help to resolve Y-chromosomal haplogroups. As a case study, we focus on H2, a haplogroup associated with a critical event in European human history: the Neolithic transition. By disentangling the evolutionary history of this haplogroup, we further elucidate the two separate paths by which early farmers expanded from Anatolia and the Near East to western Europe.

Published
2021

5. Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe

Author

Max Planck Society, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), German Research Foundation, European Research Council, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rohrlach, Adam B., Papac, Luka, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rivollat, Maïté, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Neumann, Gunnar U., Penske, Sandra, Skourtanioti, Eirini, van de Loosdrecht, Marieke, Akar, Murat, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Deguilloux, Marie-France, Dobeš, Miroslav, Erdal, Yilmaz S., Ernée, Michal, Frangipane, Marcella, Furmanek, Mirosław, Friederich, Susanne, Ghesquière, Emmanuel, Hałuszko, Agata, Hansen, Svend, Küßner, Mario, Mannino, Marcello A., Özbal, Rana, Reinhold, Sabine, Rottier, Stéphane, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Yener, K. Aslihan, Posth, Cosimo, Krause, Johannes, Herbig, Alexander, Haak, Wolfgang, Max Planck Society, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), German Research Foundation, European Research Council, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rohrlach, Adam B., Papac, Luka, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rivollat, Maïté, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Neumann, Gunnar U., Penske, Sandra, Skourtanioti, Eirini, van de Loosdrecht, Marieke, Akar, Murat, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Deguilloux, Marie-France, Dobeš, Miroslav, Erdal, Yilmaz S., Ernée, Michal, Frangipane, Marcella, Furmanek, Mirosław, Friederich, Susanne, Ghesquière, Emmanuel, Hałuszko, Agata, Hansen, Svend, Küßner, Mario, Mannino, Marcello A., Özbal, Rana, Reinhold, Sabine, Rottier, Stéphane, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Yener, K. Aslihan, Posth, Cosimo, Krause, Johannes, Herbig, Alexander, and Haak, Wolfgang

Abstract

Uniparentally-inherited markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome (NRY), have been used for the past 30 years to investigate the history of humans from a maternal and paternal perspective. Researchers have preferred mtDNA due to its abundance in the cells, and comparatively high substitution rate. Conversely, the NRY is less susceptible to back mutations and saturation, and is potentially more informative than mtDNA owing to its longer sequence length. However, due to comparatively poor NRY coverage via shotgun sequencing, and the relatively low and biased representation of Y-chromosome variants on capture assays such as the 1240 k, ancient DNA studies often fail to utilize the unique perspective that the NRY can yield. Here we introduce a new DNA enrichment assay, coined YMCA (Y-mappable capture assay), that targets the "mappable" regions of the NRY. We show that compared to low-coverage shotgun sequencing and 1240 k capture, YMCA significantly improves the mean coverage and number of sites covered on the NRY, increasing the number of Y-haplogroup informative SNPs, and allowing for the identification of previously undiscovered variants. To illustrate the power of YMCA, we show that the analysis of ancient Y-chromosome lineages can help to resolve Y-chromosomal haplogroups. As a case study, we focus on H2, a haplogroup associated with a critical event in European human history: the Neolithic transition. By disentangling the evolutionary history of this haplogroup, we further elucidate the two separate paths by which early farmers expanded from Anatolia and the Near East to western Europe.

Published
2021

6. Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-Path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe

Author

Rohrlach, Adam B., primary, Papac, Luka, additional, Childebayeva, Ainash, additional, Rivollat, Maïté, additional, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, additional, Neumann, Gunnar U., additional, Penske, Sandra, additional, Skourtanioti, Eirini, additional, van de Loosdrecht, Marieke, additional, Akar, Murat, additional, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, additional, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, additional, Deguilloux, Marie-France, additional, Dobeš, Miroslav, additional, Erdal, Yilmaz S., additional, Ernée, Michal, additional, Frangipane, Marcella, additional, Furmanek, Miroslaw, additional, Friederich, Susanne, additional, Ghesquière, Emmanuel, additional, Hałuszko, Agata, additional, Hansen, Svend, additional, Küßner, Mario, additional, Mannino, Marcello, additional, Özbal, Rana, additional, Reinhold, Sabine, additional, Rottier, Stéphane, additional, Salazar-García, Domingo Carlos, additional, Soler Diaz, Jorge, additional, Stockhammer, Philipp W., additional, de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo Roca, additional, Aslihan Yener, K, additional, Posth, Cosimo, additional, Krause, Johannes, additional, Herbig, Alexander, additional, and Haak, Wolfgang, additional

Published
2021
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7. Genomic History of Neolithic to Bronze Age Anatolia, Northern Levant, and Southern Caucasus

Author

Skourtanioti, Eirini, primary, Erdal, Yilmaz S., additional, Frangipane, Marcella, additional, Balossi Restelli, Francesca, additional, Yener, K. Aslıhan, additional, Pinnock, Frances, additional, Matthiae, Paolo, additional, Özbal, Rana, additional, Schoop, Ulf-Dietrich, additional, Guliyev, Farhad, additional, Akhundov, Tufan, additional, Lyonnet, Bertille, additional, Hammer, Emily L., additional, Nugent, Selin E., additional, Burri, Marta, additional, Neumann, Gunnar U., additional, Penske, Sandra, additional, Ingman, Tara, additional, Akar, Murat, additional, Shafiq, Rula, additional, Palumbi, Giulio, additional, Eisenmann, Stefanie, additional, D’Andrea, Marta, additional, Rohrlach, Adam B., additional, Warinner, Christina, additional, Jeong, Choongwon, additional, Stockhammer, Philipp W., additional, Haak, Wolfgang, additional, and Krause, Johannes, additional

Published
2020
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8. Brief communication: a new correction procedure for calibrating dental caries frequency

Author

Erdal, Yilmaz S. and Duyar, Izzet

Subjects
Dental caries research -- Analysis, Dental hygiene -- Research, Teeth -- Care and treatment, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

The incisors and canines and the premolars and molars show differential resistance to cariogenic factors. The anterior teeth have a lower caries frequency than the posterior teeth. However, these tooth classes are lost differentially in postmortem stages due to their anatomical structures. This differential postmortem tooth loss distorts proportions between the anterior and posterior tooth classes. The disproportionality can affect the calculation of total caries prevalence. In this paper, we propose a new calibration procedure which removes this disproportionality and call it the proportional correction factor. For this procedure, the caries rates of anterior and posterior teeth are corrected by multiplying the anterior teeth by three-eighths and the posterior teeth by five-eighths. These fractions are derived from the human dental formula which contains three anterior and five posterior teeth by side. The correction factor is more effective if the proportion of anterior to the posterior teeth is extremely distorted. When this procedure is used with the caries correction factor, it provides a useful way to approach to an almost true caries prevalence.

Published
1999

9. Archaeogenomic analysis of ancient Anatolians : first genetic indication for Neolithic cultural diffusion in the Near East

Author

Somel, Mehmet, Kilinc, Gulsah Merve, Ozer, Fusun, Omrak, Ayca, Yaka, Reyhan, Donertas, Melike, Dagtas, Nihan D., Yuncu, Eren, Koptekin, Dilek, Büyükkarakaya, Ali M., Acan, Sinan C., Alkan, Can, Hodder, Ian, Haddow, Scott, Knüsel, Christopher, Larsen, Clark S., Erdal, Yilmaz S., Bicakci, Erhan, Baird, Douglas, Jakobsson, Mattias, Togan, Inci, Götherström, Anders, Somel, Mehmet, Kilinc, Gulsah Merve, Ozer, Fusun, Omrak, Ayca, Yaka, Reyhan, Donertas, Melike, Dagtas, Nihan D., Yuncu, Eren, Koptekin, Dilek, Büyükkarakaya, Ali M., Acan, Sinan C., Alkan, Can, Hodder, Ian, Haddow, Scott, Knüsel, Christopher, Larsen, Clark S., Erdal, Yilmaz S., Bicakci, Erhan, Baird, Douglas, Jakobsson, Mattias, Togan, Inci, and Götherström, Anders

Published
2016

10. A migration-driven model for the historical spread of leprosy in medieval Eastern and Central Europe

Author

Donoghue, Helen D., primary, Michael Taylor, G., additional, Marcsik, Antónia, additional, Molnár, Erika, additional, Pálfi, Gyorgy, additional, Pap, Ildikó, additional, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, additional, Pinhasi, Ron, additional, Erdal, Yilmaz S., additional, Velemínsky, Petr, additional, Likovsky, Jakub, additional, Belcastro, Maria Giovanna, additional, Mariotti, Valentina, additional, Riga, Alessandro, additional, Rubini, Mauro, additional, Zaio, Paola, additional, Besra, Gurdyal S., additional, Lee, Oona Y.-C., additional, Wu, Houdini H.T., additional, Minnikin, David E., additional, Bull, Ian D., additional, O’Grady, Justin, additional, and Spigelman, Mark, additional

Published
2015
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13. Paleopathological and Molecular Study on Two Cases of Ancient Childhood Leprosy from the Roman and Byzantine Empires.

Author

Rubini, Mauro, Erdal, Yilmaz S., Spigelman, Mark, Zaio, Paola, and Donoghue, Helen D.

Subjects
*HANSEN'S disease research, *PALEOPATHOLOGY, *FOSSIL DNA, *MEDICAL archaeology, BYZANTINE Empire
Abstract

This study is based on the paleaopathology of leprosy on human skeletal remains and the detection of ancient Mycobacterium leprae DNA. Two cases of childhood leprosy were recognized. The first case was in a Roman necropolis at Martellona (Rome, Central Italy), dated to the 2nd to 3rd centuries CE. The skeleton of a child aged 4-5 years, from tomb 162, is the youngest individual in Italy from this time period, with the clear rhino-maxillary syndrome and other bony changes indicative of leprosy. The second case from a burial at Kovuklukaya, in the Sinop region of Northern Turkey, was from the 8th to the 10th centuries, during the Byzantine era. The endocranium of a 4-5-month-old infant with new bone formation--an indication of chronic inflammation--was positive for M. leprae DNA. Infant and childhood leprosy is uncommon today, and there is a scarcity of information in the osteoarchaeological literature of leprosy in the past, especially in children. The significance of these cases is that it adds to an understanding of the history of the disease in the former Roman Empire. It is hoped that over time sufficient data can be obtained to understand the epidemiological dynamics and clinical evolution of leprosy from the ancient period until today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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15. A migration-driven model for the historical spread of leprosy in medieval Eastern and Central Europe

Author

György Pálfi, Maria Giovanna Belcastro, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Antónia Marcsik, Erika Molnár, Mark Spigelman, Ron Pinhasi, Gurdyal S. Besra, Mauro Rubini, Yılmaz Selim Erdal, Paola Zaio, Ildikó Pap, Jakub Likovsky, Valentina Mariotti, Alessandro Riga, Helen D. Donoghue, David E. Minnikin, Justin O'Grady, Houdini H.T. Wu, Oona Y.-C. Lee, G. Michael Taylor, Petr Veleminsky, Ian D. Bull, Donoghue, Helen D, Michael Taylor, G., Marcsik, Antónia, Molnár, Erika, Pálfi, Gyorgy, Pap, Ildikó, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Pinhasi, Ron, Erdal, Yilmaz S., Velemínsky, Petr, Likovsky, Jakub, Belcastro, Maria Giovanna, Mariotti, Valentina, Riga, Alessandro, Rubini, Mauro, Zaio, Paola, Besra, Gurdyal S., Lee, Oona Y.-C., Wu, Houdini H.T., Minnikin, David E., Bull, Ian D., O'Grady, Justin, and Spigelman, Mark

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Genotyping, Genotype, Paleopathology, media_common.quotation_subject, Human Migration, Infectious Disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosi, Biology, Ancient history, Microbiology, Young Adult, Genetic, Leprosy, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Slavic languages, Molecular Biology, Mycobacterium leprae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Models, Statistical, Ancient DNA, Human migration, business.industry, Medicine (all), Empire, Lipid biomarker, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematic, History, Medieval, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Female, business, Byzantine architecture, Human
Abstract

Leprosy was rare in Europe during the Roman period, yet its prevalence increased dramatically in medieval times. We examined human remains, with paleopathological lesions indicative of leprosy, dated to the 6th–11th century AD, from Central and Eastern Europe and Byzantine Anatolia. Analysis of ancient DNA and bacterial cell wall lipid biomarkers revealed Mycobacterium leprae in skeletal remains from 6th–8th century Northern Italy, 7th–11th century Hungary, 8th–9th century Austria, the Slavic Greater Moravian Empire of the 9th–10th century and 8th–10th century Byzantine samples from Northern Anatolia. These data were analyzed alongside findings published by others. M. leprae is an obligate human pathogen that has undergone an evolutionary bottleneck followed by clonal expansion. Therefore M. leprae genotypes and sub-genotypes give information about the human populations they have infected and their migration. Although data are limited, genotyping demonstrates that historical M. leprae from Byzantine Anatolia, Eastern and Central Europe resembles modern strains in Asia Minor rather than the recently characterized historical strains from North West Europe. The westward migration of peoples from Central Asia in the first millennium may have introduced different M. leprae strains into medieval Europe and certainly would have facilitated the spread of any existing leprosy. The subsequent decline of M. leprae in Europe may be due to increased host resistance. However, molecular evidence of historical leprosy and tuberculosis co-infections suggests that death from tuberculosis in leprosy patients was also a factor.

Published
2014

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