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5. How does the Nazca Ridge subduction influence the modern Amazonian foreland basin?

Author

Espurt, N., Baby, P., Brusset, S., Roddaz, M., Hermoza, W., Regard, V., Antoine, P.-O., Salas-Gismondi, R., and Bolanos, R.

Subjects
Amazon River region -- Environmental aspects, Peru -- Environmental aspects, Subduction zones (Geology) -- Observations, Plate tectonics -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

The subduction of an aseismic ridge has important consequences on the dynamics of the overriding upper plate. In the central Andes, the Nazca Ridge subduction imprint can be tracked on the eastern side of the Andes. The Fitzcarrald arch is the long-wavelength topography response of the Nazca Ridge flat subduction, 750 km inboard of the trench. This uplift is responsible for the atypical three-dimensional shape of the Amazonian foreland basin. The Fitzcarrald arch uplift is no older than Pliocene as constrained by the study of Neogene sediments and geomorphic markers, according to the kinematics of the Nazca Ridge subduction. Keywords: Nazca Ridge, Amazonian foreland basin, Neogene, flat subduction, Fitzcarrald arch.

Published
2007

8. Reconstruction of the Provence Chain evolution, southeastern France

Author

Bestani, L., Espurt, N., Lamarche, J., Bellier, O, Hollender, F., Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Provence, Balanced cross section, Thrust belt, France, Tectonic inversion, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Structural inheritance, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology
Abstract

International audience; The Provence fold-and-thrust belt forms the eastern limit of the Pyrenean orogenic system in southeastern France. This belt developed during the Late Cretaceous-Eocene Pyrenean-Provence compression and was then deformed by Oligocene-Miocene Ligurian rifting events and Neogene to present-day Alpine compression. In this study, surface structural data, seismic profiles, and crustal-to-lithospheric-scale sequentially balanced cross sections contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of the Provence Chain and its long-term history of deformation. Balanced cross sections show that the thrust system is characterized by various structural styles, including deep-seated basement faults that affect the entire crust, tectonic inversions of Paleozoic-Mesozoic basins, shallower decollements within the sedimentary cover, accommodation zones, and salt tectonics. This study shows the prime control of the structural inheritance over a long period of time on the tectonic evolution of a geological system. This includes mechanical heterogeneities, such as Variscan shear zones, reactivated during Middle Cretaceous Pyrenean rifting between Eurasia and Sardinia. In domains where Mesozoic rifting is well marked, inherited basement normal faults and the thermally weak crust favored the formation of an inner thick-skinned thrust belt during Late Cretaceous-Eocene contraction. Here 155 km (similar to 35%) of shortening was accommodated by inversion of north verging crustal faults, north directed subduction of the Sardinia mantle lithosphere, and ductile thickening of the Provence mantle lithosphere. During the Oligocene, these domains were still predisposed for the localized faulting of the Ligurian basin rifting and the seafloor spreading.

Published
2016

9. Aléa et risque sismique en Provence: tectonique active et sismotectonique des Failles de la Moyenne Durance et de la Trévaresse

Author

Olivier BELLIER, Molliex, S., Cushing, M., Hollender, F., Ph Dussouillez, Mocochain, L., Hippolyte, J., Espurt, N., Bestani, L., Revil, A., Tamisier, V., Guignard, P., Clauzon, G., Chardon, D., Hermitte, D., Nguyen, F., Garambois, S., Siame, L., Sébrier, M., Jules Fleury, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics
Abstract

International audience; Le séisme de Lambesc de 1909 est une illustration du risque sismique auquel la Provence est exposée. L'approche de la tectonique active et de la paléosismologie appliquée aux failles de la Moyenne Durance et de la Trévaresse, complémentaire de la sismologie instrumentale, montre que ces accidents ont des taux de déplacement d'environ 0,1 mm/an. La première, qui constitue la bordure orientale du bassin du Sud-Est, est active depuis le Paléozoïque. Son activité actuelle est limitée à l'épaisse couverture sédimentaire qui paraît découplée mécaniquement du socle. Les déformations plio-quaternaires le long de cet accident indiquent un mouvement décrochant senestre à composante inverse. Cette activité peut s'expliquer, partiellement, par une poussée alpine vers le sud combinée à « l'effondrement » gravitaire de la chaîne. La faille de la Moyenne Durance comprend plusieurs segments. L'un de ces segments paraît être en connexion avec la faille de la Trévaresse. Celle-ci, très probablement responsable du séisme de 1909, a formé l'anticlinal de rampe de la Trévaresse. La question des effets de site est illustrée par les caractéristiques lithologiques et topographiques dans le secteur de Vernègues. On envisage également le rôle du remplissage sédimentaire des canyons messiniens dans l'apparition de dégâts à la surface du sol. Mots-clés : Failles actives, déformations récentes, couverture provençale, séisme de Lambesc, canyons messiniens, effets de site. Abstract: 1

Published
2016

10. Flat subduction dynamics and deformation of the South American plate: Insights from analog modeling

Author

ESPURT, N, FUNICIELLO, FRANCESCA, J. MARTINOD, B. GUILLAUME, V. REGARD, S. BRUSSET, FACCENNA, CLAUDIO, Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Espurt, N, Funiciello, F, Martinod, J, Guillaume, B, Regard, V, Faccenna, C, Brusset, S, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Funiciello, Francesca, J., Martinod, B., Guillaume, V., Regard, Faccenna, Claudio, and S., Brusset

Subjects
Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets: Tectonics (8149), Tectonophysics: Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle: general (1213), Information Related to Geologic Time: Neogene, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 8413), Tectonophysics: Subduction zone processes (1031
Abstract

International audience; We present lithospheric-scale analog models, investigating how the absolute plates' motion and subduction of buoyant oceanic plateaus can affect both the kinematics and the geometry of subduction, possibly resulting in the appearance of flat slab segments, and how it changes the overriding plate tectonic regime. Experiments suggest that flat subductions only occur if a large amount of a buoyant slab segment is forced into subduction by kinematic boundary conditions, part of the buoyant plateau being incorporated in the steep part of the slab to balance the negative buoyancy of the dense oceanic slab. Slab flattening is a long-term process (~10 Ma), which requires the subduction of hundreds of kilometers of buoyant plateau. The overriding plate shortening rate increases if the oceanic plateau is large enough to decrease the slab pull effect. Slab flattening increases the interplate friction force and results in migration of the shortening zone within the interior of the overriding plate. The increase of the overriding plate topography close to the trench results from (1) the buoyancy of the plate subducting at trench and (2) the overriding plate shortening. Experiments are compared to the South American active margin, where two major horizontal slab segments had formed since the Pliocene. Along the South American subduction zone, flat slab segments below Peru and central Chile/NW Argentina appeared at ~7 Ma following the beginning of buoyant slab segments' subduction. In northern Ecuador and northern Chile, the process of slab flattening resulting from the Carnegie and Iquique ridges' subductions, respectively, seems to be active but not completed. The formation of flat slab segments below South America from the Pliocene may explain the deceleration of the Nazca plate trenchward velocity.

Published
2008

11. Geometry and kinematic evolution of a long-living foreland structure inferred from field data and cross section balancing, the Sainte-Victoire System, Provence, France

Author

Espurt, N., Hippolyte, J.C., Saillard, Marianne, Bellier, O, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011)

Subjects
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

International audience; The Sainte-Victoire System (SVS) is a key area to understand how the shortening is accommodated in outer foreland of the Pyrenean-Provence orogen between Late Cretaceous and Eocene. Structural data, growth strata and fault slip analysis, and four balanced cross sections are used to decipher the along-strike geometry, deformational characteristics and kinematics of the SVS. The SVS is divided into two structural domains separated by a regional relay zone: the eastern domain is governed by a N-vergent thin-skinned tectonic style above Triassic series and the western domain, by a mixed S-vergent thick- and thin-skinned tectonic style with tectonic inversion of Late Paleozoic-Triassic half grabens. Growth strata indicate that the eastern SVS grew during Danian as a result of shortening transfer from the southern Arc Basin. In contrast, the western SVS is an independent structure which has recorded the early stage (∼83 Ma) of shortening and focused continuous deformation during ∼40 Myr. The shallow N-S shortening is ∼5 km (∼25%) and ∼8 km (∼34%) in the western and eastern SVS, respectively. At a regional scale, the tectonic inversion of the SVS and the Arc Basin recorded a deep shortening of the order of 15-18 km (∼34%). Although the shortening magnitude of the SVS remains small, other structures similar to the SVS were synchronously active across foreland basin, suggesting a significant amount of cumulated shortening. This outer foreland shortening may account for a non-negligible amount of deformation at the Pyrenean-Provence orogen scale.

Published
2012

12. Transition from symmetry to asymmetry during continental rifting: An example from the Bight Basin-Terre Adélie (Australian and Antarctic conjugate margins)

Author

Espurt, N., Callot, Jean-Paul, Roure, F., Totterdell, J.M., Struckmeyer, H.I.M., Vially, R., Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs (LFCR), TOTAL FINA ELF-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-TOTAL FINA ELF, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
deformation, Australia, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, East Antarctica, Jurassic, rifting, Cretaceous, passive margin, Adelie Coast, Bight Basin, continental lithosphere, plate tectonics, exhumation, Antarctica, detachment fault, Indian Ocean
Abstract

International audience; The rifting history of the magma-poor conjugate margins of Australia and Antarctica is still a controversial issue. In this article, we present a model for lithosphere-scale rifting and deformation history from initial Jurassic rifting to Late Cretaceous breakup for the conjugate Bight Basin-Terre Adélie section of the margin, based on the interpretation of two regional conjugate seismic profiles of the margins, and the construction of a lithosphere-scale, balanced cross-section, sequentially restored through time. The model scenario highlights the symmetric pattern of initial stretching resulting from pure shear at lithospheric-scale accompanied by the development of four conjugate detachments and crustal half-graben systems. This system progressively evolves to completely asymmetric shearing along a single south-dipping detachment at the scale of the lithosphere. Antarctica plays the role of the upper plate and Australia, the lower plate. The detachment accounts for the exhumation of the mantle part of the Australian lithosphere, and the isolation of a crustal klippe separated from the margin by a serpentinized peridotite ridge. The total elongation amount of the Australian-Antarctic conjugate system reaches ~473km (178%). Elongation was partitioned through time: ~189 and ~284km during symmetric and asymmetric stages respectively. During the symmetric stage, both margins underwent approximately the same degree of crustal stretching [~105km (75%) and ~84km (67%) for Australia and Antarctica respectively]. Again, both margins accommodated relatively the same elongation during the asymmetric stage: the Antarctic upper plate records an elongation amount of ~284km (88%) as crustal/mantle stretching, above the inferred low-angle south-dipping detachment zone, whereas the Australian lower plate underwent ~270km (206%) of elongation through mantle exhumation. Although the restoration process does not allow reconstruction of the precise geometry before deformation, we propose that the Jurassic early geometric evolution of the margins may have been controlled by the inherited structure or rheological heterogeneities of the continental crust; its later evolution is thought to relate to the mechanical evolution of the crustal and mantle material during exhumation, with a strong increase in localization of shear in the lower crust and mantle part of the Australian margin. The geometry of the rifted margins is comparable to other magma-poor rifted margin such as the Newfoundland-Iberia margins or the exhumed Alpine Tethys margin exposed in the Central Alps. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Published
2012

13. A scenario for late Neogene Andean shortening transfer in the Camisea Subandean zone (Peru, 12 degrees S) : Implications for growth of the northern Andean Plateau

Author

Espurt, N., Barbarand, J., Roddaz, M., Brusset, Stéphane, Baby, Patrice, Saillard, M., and Hermoza, W.

Abstract

Precise knowledge of the timing of deformation in the Subandean zone of the Andean Plateau is a prerequisite for deciphering the late Neogene growth of the Andean Plateau. In this paper, we report new apatite fission-track (AFT) and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) data for a regional balanced cross section of the Camisea Basin in the central Peruvian Subandean zone, adjacent to the northern Andean Plateau. The balanced cross section shows that the structure of this basin is characterized by a broad internal passive roof duplex and external thrust-related anticlines. The balanced cross-section restoration shows 53 km (39%) of total horizontal shortening. We sampled Paleozoic to Cenozoic sedimentary strata for AFT and Ro analyses along the similar to 4-km-thick vertical profile of the Mainique back thrust (passive roof thrust), the innermost preserved Subandean structure. Young components of AFT ages are spread between ca. 6 Ma and ca. 24 Ma. A break in the slope in the AFT ages determines the geometry of the Miocene partial annealing zone and the exhumation of the Mainique back thrust at ca. 6 Ma. Sequential restoration calibrated by AFT and Ro data indicates that the last similar to 23 km horizontal shortening were accommodated by the Camisea thrust system over the past similar to 6 m.y., giving a mean shortening rate of 3.8 mm/yr. Using this shortening rate for the first similar to 30 km horizontal shortening, we calculate that the Andean shortening transfer into the Peruvian Subandean zone initially started at ca. 14 Ma. This result suggests that the transfer of shortening from the northern Andean Plateau to the Subandean zone occurred prior to the removal of dense lithosphere previously reported to have occurred between ca. 10 Ma and ca. 7 Ma. We rather propose that the late Neogene growth of the northern Andean Plateau mostly resulted from a continuous crustal shortening combined with lower-crustal flow.

Published
2011

16. Amber from western Amazonia reveals Neotropical diversity during the middle Miocene

Author

O Antoine, P., Franceschi, D., Flynn, J. L., Nel, A., Baby, P., Mouloud Benammi, Calderon, I., Espurt, N., Paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Published
2006

24. Amber from western Amazonia reveals Neotropical diversity during the middle Miocene.

Author

Antoine PO, De Franceschi D, Flynn JJ, Nel A, Baby P, Benammi M, Calderón Y, Espurt N, Goswami A, and Salas-Gismondi R

Subjects
Animals, Arthropods anatomy & histology, Arthropods classification, Cyanobacteria isolation & purification, Eukaryota isolation & purification, Fungi isolation & purification, Magnoliopsida anatomy & histology, Magnoliopsida classification, Peru, Amber, Biodiversity, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Tropical Climate
Abstract

Tertiary insects and arachnids have been virtually unknown from the vast western Amazonian basin. We report here the discovery of amber from this region containing a diverse fossil arthropod fauna (13 hexapod families and 3 arachnid species) and abundant microfossil inclusions (pollen, spores, algae, and cyanophyceae). This unique fossil assemblage, recovered from middle Miocene deposits of northeastern Peru, greatly increases the known diversity of Cenozoic tropical-equatorial arthropods and microorganisms and provides insights into the biogeography and evolutionary history of modern Neotropical biota. It also strengthens evidence for the presence of more modern, high-diversity tropical rainforest ecosystems during the middle Miocene in western Amazonia.

Published
2006
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