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This paper is on the importance of Arabic language and its usage in Da’awah activities by women in Da’awah in Nigeria. It also discussed how Arabic is used in Da’awah by Muslim women in Nigeria. It explained the mission and vision of Women in Da’awah (WID) and their various approaches to Da’awah that includes encouragement of the use and study of Arabic language. Likewise, the paper discusses the Da’awah activities of the Women in Da’awah and outline most the da’awah activities carried out by the organization. It also deliberates the importance of the use of the language for Da’awah purpose with evidence from the Qur’an and Sunnah. The paper adopted and used descriptive approach combined with content analysis approach. Arabic is a compulsory language. When Islam stretched and came into contact with other civilizations, Arabic acted as a bridge of scholarship through the movement of translation. Makalah ini membahas tentang pentingnya bahasa Arab dan penggunaannya dalam kegiatan Dakwah oleh wanita dalam Dakwah di Nigeria. Dibahas pula bagaimana bahasa Arab digunakan dalam dakwah oleh wanita Muslim di Nigeria. Dijelaskan misi dan visi Women in Dakwah (WID) dan berbagai pendekatan mereka terhadap Dakwah yang mencakup dorongan penggunaan dan studi bahasa Arab. Demikian pula, makalah ini membahas kegiatan Dakwah para Wanita dalam Dakwah dan menguraikan sebagian besar kegiatan dakwah yang dilakukan oleh organisasi tersebut. Hal ini juga membahas pentingnya penggunaan bahasa untuk tujuan Dakwah dengan bukti dari Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah. Makalah ini mengadopsi dan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif yang dikombinasikan dengan pendekatan analisis isi. Bahasa Arab adalah bahasa wajib. Ketika Islam merentang dan bersentuhan dengan peradaban lain, bahasa Arab berperan sebagai jembatan keilmuan melalui gerakan penerjemahan.

Background Smoked-dried fish are largely consumed as source of nutrient by man. It has been established that fish food can act as vehicle for transmission of some mycological pathogens especially in immunocompromised individuals. Materials and Methods Between 7th October 2011 and 5th January 2012, a total of 100 different species of smoke-dried fish comprising 20 each of Cat fish (Arius hendeloti), Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Stock fish (Gadus morhua), Mud fish (Neoxhanna galaxiidae) and Bonga fish (Enthalmosa fimbriota) were purchased at Baga motor park in maiduguri metropolis, Nigeria. They were processed and investigated for possible fungal contamination based on culture isolation using Sabourand dextrose agar (SDA) and microscopy. Results Organisms isolated and identified in pure culture were Mucor spp. (36%), Aspergillus niger (35%), Aspergillus fumigatus (6%), Candida tropicalis (3%), Candida stellatoidea (2%), Microsporum audunii (2%), Penicillium spp. (2%) and Trichophyton rubrum (1%) while Mucor spp. and Aspergillus niger (4%); Mucor spp and Candida tropicalis (3%); Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor spp. (1%); Aspergillus niger, Candida spp. and Mucor spp. (1%) were isolated in mixed culture. The mean colony count of pure fungal colonies ranged between 1.3 × 104 - 8.5 × 106 CFU/g. of fish extract while that of mixed fungal colonies were between 2.0 × 104 - 5.1 × 104 CFU/g. Conclusion Findings from this study indicate presence of fungal contamination in test fish. When consumed, they might be source of human infections. This suggests the need for veterinary and public health interventions through fish regulatory programs, more so fish processors should be educated on safe methods of preservation in order to prevent or minimize fungal contamination.

Background: Pulmonary mycosis (PM) poses a great diagnostic challenge due to the lack of pathognomonic and radiological features, especially in the absence of mycology laboratory tests. This study was aimed to isolate, phenotypically identify, determine the prevalence of pulmonary fungal pathogens and antifungal susceptibility pattern of isolates of presumptive tuberculosis (PTB) patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital (FTH) Gombe, Nigeria. Methods: After ethical approval, three consecutive early morning sputa were collected from 216 participants with presumptive of PTB attending FTH Gombe, between May 2, 2017 and May 30, 2018. Samples were processed using standard mycological staining, microscopy, sugar biochemistry, and antifungal susceptibility test protocols. Sociodemographic variables and risk factors of pulmonary fungal infection were assessed through structured questionnaires. Pulmonary fungal infection was defined by the positive culture in at least two sputa. PTB was defined by Genexpert® nested polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 216 participants, 19.9% had PTB and 73.6% had pulmonary fungal pathogens. Among the isolated pulmonary fungal pathogens, Aspergillus fumigatus made the highest occurrence, while 6.5% had PTB-fungal co-infection. No significant association existed between the prevalence of PM with age and sex of participants (P < 0.05). Cigarette smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 15.9 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9–268.8]), prolong antibiotic use (aOR = 77.9 [95% CI: 4.7–1283]) and possession of domestic pet (aOR = 77.9 [95% CI: 4.7–1283]) were significant risk factors of PM (P < 0.05). Penicillium citrinum, Mucor spp. and Aspergillus flavus are more susceptible to voriconazole, and Candida albicans was found to be more susceptible to Nystatin. Of the 159 fungal isolates, 92.5% were resistant to fluconazole. Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed high level pulmonary fungal pathogens, especially among PTB patients. A majority of fungal isolates were resistant to fluconazole. It's recommended that persons should do away with or minimize risk factors for pulmonary fungal pathogens identified in this study.