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Study designDescriptive study.ObjectivesThe aim of this manuscript is to describe the development process of the data set for the National Spinal Cord Injury Registry of Iran (NSCIR-IR).SettingSCI community in Iran.MethodsThe NSCIR-IR data set was developed in 8 months, from March 2015 to October 2015. An expert panel of 14 members was formed. After a review of data sets of similar registries in developed countries, the selection and modification of the basic framework were performed over 16 meetings, based on the objectives and feasibility of the registry.ResultsThe final version of the data set was composed of 376 data elements including sociodemographic, hospital admission, injury incidence, prehospital procedures, emergency department visit, medical history, vertebral injury, spinal cord injury details, interventions, complications, and discharge data. It also includes 163 components of the International Standards for the Neurologic Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) and 65 data elements related to quality of life, pressure ulcers, pain, and spasticity.ConclusionThe NSCIR-IR data set was developed in order to meet the quality improvement objectives of the registry. The process was centered around choosing the data elements assessing care provided to individuals in the acute and chronic phases of SCI in hospital settings. The International Spinal Cord Injury Data Set was selected as a basic framework, helped by comparison with data from other countries. Expert panel modifications facilitated the implementation of the registry process with the current clinical workflow in hospitals.

The hip fracture causes significant disabilities in many elderly people. Many studies around the world have identified various risk factors for the hip fracture. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the risk factors of hip fractures. This study is a systematic review of risk factors for hip fractures. All published papers in English and Persian languages on patients in Iran and other countries between 2002 - 2022 were examined. The search strategy used keywords matching the mesh, including : predictors, hip fracture, and disability. Articles were selected from international databases (PubMed, Proquest,Web of Sience, Scopus, Google scholar and Persian(Sid,Magiran), and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. The study has identified several factors that were significantly correlated with the risk of hip fracture, including age, cigarette and alcohol consumption, visual and hearing problems, low BMI levels, history of falling, weakness, and diseases such as stroke, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, arthritis, diabetes, dementia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, liver and kidney diseases, bone density, osteoporosis, vertebral fracture, and hyperthyroidism. However, the study did not find any significant correlations between the consumption of calcium and vitamin D, history of fractures, cognitive disorders, schizophrenia, and household income, and the risk of hip fracture. The results of this study reveal the determining role of some risk factors in hip fracture in older persons. Therefore, it is recommended that health policy makers provide the possibility of early intervention for some changeable factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the most frequent public health problem in Iran. The present study reviewed the methodology of the RTI articles using the Haddon matrix evidence. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Persian national databases, including SID, Magiran, and IranDoc, were searched for the articles published from March 21, 2009, to October 21, 2020. The search process was done by two independent reviewers. The quality of the articles was assessed based on the Scopus index of journals. Results: Nine-hundred and fourteen articles were included in this review study, which mostly focused on RTIs in Iran and precrash and postcrash prevention approaches. The methodological approach was cross-sectional in 487 (53.2%) articles and merely 5 (0.54%) articles were randomized clinical trial (RCT) papers. RCT studies focused on the human factor in the precrash phase. Research center evidence indicated that the Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Centers mainly focused on human and environmental factors. However, the Trauma Research Center of Kashan and Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center of Tehran often addressed vehicles. Conclusion: The RTIs studies in Iran often followed a cross-sectional methodology and used a precrash prevention approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flutter analysis and suppression of an aircraft wing with a flexibly mounted external store using a magneto-rheological damper are investigated. The wing performs as a cantilever beam and the structural model, which incorporates bending-torsion flexibility, is used. A modified Bouc–Wen model is utilized in order to model the elastic connection between the store and the wing. The modified Peter's finite-state loading is also considered to simulate the aerodynamic force and moment. The governing equations are obtained via Hamilton's principle and assumed modes method is subsequently applied to transform the resulting partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations. Numerical simulations are validated against several previously published papers by using a clean Goland wing. In order to control the vertical and rotational vibrations of the store and the wing, a state feedback controller and a compensator with full-order observer are designed. The performance of these controllers is compared together in several situations. Eventually, the performances are treated when disturbance is applied to the system. The results show that magneto-rheological damper's performance is suitable for controlling the limit cycle oscillations of the wing and external store, in flutter condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine and compare the patterns of spinal injury in car occupants. Materials and Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study enrolling all patients with spinal fracture after car accidents, who were admitted to hospital more than 24 h during 2004--2009. Results: The lumbosacral spine was the most commonly involved region (64.8). Six patients had spinal cord injury (6.6%). The majority of the victims were drivers of the vehicle (86.8%) and remaining were passengers. There was a significant difference in lumbar anatomic region (P = 0.05) and place of accident (P = 0.05) in car occupants' position (P = 0.05). Car rollover was the most common mechanism of spinal fractures. There was a significant difference in lumbar anatomic region (P = 0.05), and two or more associated organ injuries (P ≤ 0.05) in car accident mechanism (P = 0.05). Conclusion: The chance of sustaining serious spine and associated multiple injuries in car accidents is quite high in our today's society. This may be due to the low level of standards for car manufacturing, absence or inadequacy of appropriate safety measures in cars, and poorly designed roads and problems in quality of driving to mention some reasons. Therefore, these victims are prone to significant morbidity and even mortality and need more specific prehospital supportive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypothermia is one of the problems occurring during surgery, which can happen due to thermoregulation mechanism disorders and intake of low temperature IV fluids, and may cause increase in blood pressure, heart rate, intracranial pressure, oxygen consumption, pain, and discomfort to the patient. The rate of cesarean section in our country is three times more than the global standard. As one of the responsibilities of the nurse is patient’s advocacy, s/he should support them. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pre-warmed intravenous fluids on prevention of hypothermia during general anesthesia in cesarean section. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two women undergoing elective cesarean section by general anesthesia were randomly allocated in two groups of intervention and control. Women in the intervention group received pre-warmed serum (37°C) while those in the control group received serum at room temperature (25.5°C). The core body temperature and some hemodynamic parameters of the participants were assessed during the operation. Results: The mean of pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and arterial O2 saturation in the two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). But the mean of mothers’ core body temperature at the end of anesthesia in the intervention and control groups were 36 ± 0.5°C and 35.34 ± 0.6°C, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Infusion of pre-warmed serum (37°C) would prevent intraoperative hypothermia and improve the nursing care for women who undergo cesarean section by general anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative delirium is a common complication with a high morbidity rate. This study was designed to consider the effectiveness of melatonin in prevention and treatment of postoperative delirium., Methods: Seventy-two patients aged >60 years old with Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) >8 scheduled for orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia, were randomly distributed equally to melatonin or placebo groups. In the melatonin group, the patients were given 5 mg melatonin capsules orally the night before surgery, the night of the operation, and two nights after the surgical operation at 9 pm. Likewise, in the placebo group, the patients received placebo in the same times. For diagnosis of postoperative delirium, the AMT test was used before the operation and three days after that. The Generalized estimating equations model (GEE) with logit link to Multivariate analysis was used in the study and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: In total, 72 patients completed the study. Thirty-three patients (45.8%) were male with a mean (SD) age 71.4 (3.6) years. On the first day after the surgery, the incidence of delirium was significantly lower in the melatonin group compared to the placebo group (22.2% vs. 44.4%, P=0.046). On the second and third days after the surgery, the level of delirium in the melatonin group was also significantly lower than that in the placebo one. The GEE model showed a significant interaction between time and treatment groups., Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that melatonin prevented delirium after the orthopedic surgeries in the elderly patients and could be useful for the patients as such., Competing Interests: The authors whose names are listed immediately above certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript., (IJBT Copyright © 2022.)

Background: Postoperative pain is an important factor affecting anesthesia and surgery., Objectives: The present study assessed the effects of 1200 mg gabapentin, an anticonvulsant drug that acts through voltage-dependent calcium channels, for the control of postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy., Methods: Fifty patients undergoing hysterectomy were enrolled in the present study. Subjects received either 1200 mg gabapentin or placebo 2 h before surgery. The amount of morphine consumption and level of postoperative pain at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after surgery were measured., Results: There were no significant differences in age, duration of surgery and anesthesia, or body mass index between the two groups. The mean intensity of pain in the gabapentin group was significantly lower than in the placebo group. The mean amount of morphine used in the placebo group (5.2 ± 2.8 mg) was significantly higher than in gabapentin group (1.2 ± 0.29 mg; P=0.001). Nausea and vomiting in the placebo group was more common than in the gabapentin group (P=0.001). The time interval for initial ambulation after surgery was significantly shorter in the gabapentin group (12.24 ± 2.18 h) compared with the placebo group (15 ± 3.61 h; P=0.002)., Conclusion: 1200 mg gabapentin reduced postoperative pain and the need for opioids, and enabled earlier ambulation of the patient. Significant side effects were not observed.

Background: Post partum bleeding is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in pregnant women. In this study the effects of rectal misoprostol and oxytocin on post-cesarean bleeding are compared., Methods: In this clinical trial 100 pregnant women candidate of elective cesarean section (CS) were randomly allocated in one of two groups of patients receiving either 400 micro g of misoprostol, rectally, after spinal anesthesia, or intravenous oxytocin, after delivery of the baby. Intra-operative bleeding, hemoglobin level before and 24 hour after operation, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate before and after the administration of the drugs, and adverse drug effects., Results: There was no difference between the groups in age, duration and number of pregnancy, and surgery. The amount of the blood lost in misoprostol group was 578+/-185 cc, and in oxytocin group 620+/-213 cc (p=0.39). Decrease in hemoglobin level in the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.55). Changes in mean arterial pressure and heart rate were only significant in oxytocin group. Shivering was significantly more common in the misoprostol group and respiratory distress in the oxytocin group. Other adverse effects were equally seen in both groups., Conclusion: Misoprostol is an appropriate alternative for intravenous oxytocin in patients undergoing cesarean section, with lesser side effects and longer duration of action.