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attraverso l'analisi della situazione fisiografica e geomorfologica e delle quote di rinvenimento dei resti di età romana si è ricostruito l'andamento planoaltimetrico del sito in cui nel 218 a.C. è stata fondata la città di Placentia. Ciò ha permesso di meglio comprendere le motivazioni sottese alla scelta del sito da parte dei romani e di ricostruire l'evoluzione della città dopo l'età romana, evidenziando come molti degli attuali "alti" presenti in città siano legati a fasi post-deposizionali. Inoltre è stato possibile meglio definire l'andamento dell'antico meandro del Po a cui si deve l'incisione che delimita il lobo su cui è sorta la città romana e che oggi è occupato dall'attuale centro storico.

L'evoluzione del popolamento antico della Piana di Sibari in rapporto con le variazioni della zona legate all'attività del Crati

It is estimated that as many as 20% of school-aged children have an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Hyperactivity is recognized as a common symptom of a variety of childhood disorders. In many instances the symptoms of ADHD signal the onset of severe psychopathology and indicate comorbidity. Because a significant number of children exhibiting symptoms of ADHD are unresponsive to stimulants or have side effects, the use of such drugs is contraindicated. In this article we describe ADHD according to subcategories in an effort to distinguish diverse groups of children with ADHD and to identify those responding best to psychopharmacologic agents other than stimulants. Further understanding of the neurobiology of ADHD is needed to more clearly define and treat this condition.

Background Appropriate levels and patterns of sound and light in an intensive care room help to maintain the patient's normal physiological functions. High sound levels can disrupt the patient's normal sleep architecture, cause hearing deficits, and induce the onset of delirium. Intensive care unit patients frequently report poor sleep, partly due to the environment. Objectives An observational pilot prospective study was designed to record sound pressure and light pollution levels in an Italian intensive care unit, without windows to provide natural light. Method Sound levels were measured in decibel A (dBA) every 10 seconds. Sound data were analyzed for sound peak, defined as the number of times sound levels exceeded 45, 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 dBA. Light measures were taken every 10 seconds on a continuous basis. Light data were analyzed for light "peaks,"defined as the number of times light levels exceeded 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 lux. Results The overall median sound level during the study period was equal to 54.60 (interquartile range [IQR], 51.70-57.70) dBA. The daytime median sound level was 56.00 (IQR, 53.00-59.50) dBA, and the nighttime median was 53.00 (IQR, 49.50-55.20) dBA (P

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the therapeutic horizons of various cancers. However, immune-related adverse events have been reported, including interstitial lung diseases. Our aim was to describe the clinical and radiological features and survival of a multicentre cohort of patients who developed ICI-related lung toxicity. Methods: Six Italian centres were involved in the study. Patients who were treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 mAbs and developed ICI-related lung toxicity were recruited retrospectively to study clinical, radiological, immunological and survival data. Results: A total of 41 patients (25 males, 66.8 ± 9.9 years) were enrolled. Lung toxicity occurred after 204.3 ± 208.3 days of therapy, with ground glass opacities being the most common HRCT pattern (23 cases). Male sex, lung cancer and acute respiratory failure were associated with a shorter latency of toxicity (p = 0.0030, p = 0.0245 and p = 0.0390, respectively). Patients who required high-flow oxygen therapy showed significantly worse survival (p = 0.0028). Conclusions: Our cohort showed heterogeneous clinical and radiological aspects of ICI-related lung toxicity, with a latency not limited to the first year of treatment. Severity was mainly mild to moderate, although life-threatening events did occur. Our data indicate that strict long-term follow-up is needed to enable early diagnosis and appropriate management.

Roman centuriation is known thanks to the texts of the Corpus Agrimensorum Romanorum, which contains some theoretical norms, and thanks to the tracks that we can observe in several parts of Italy and of the Mediterranean world. The Pianura Padana is a place where we could find very good examples of centuriation and where we can analyze the relationship between the theory and the real praxis. How did Romans manage a dynamic landscape like the floodplains? How did they balance the geometry of the centuriation and the environmental transformation? This article takes some cases from the Pianura Padana to examine which solutions were applied to reclaim new land and to control rivers. We can see that the geometric character of the centuriation is less rigid than we thought and the application of the theoretical norms is flexible and respects the physical geography. So we can observe that in a centuriated landscape there were wetlands and small marshes or woodlands and that there were also specific solutions to manage rivers and their natural evolution when it was impossible to control them completely.

The Garigliano plain (between Lazio and Campania) has been characterized until recently by an alternation of swamps or marshlands and well drained areas due to the presence of old beach ridges. The settlement system and the economy of the region were influenced by these natural conditions. The Garigliano plain, compared with other similar river-delta plains, has some peculiarities that make it a good case of study. The wetlands were described by ancient Greek and Latin authors with a lot of details that allow us to have a richer picture of the marshes during the Roman time. We analyzed all the available data with a multidisciplinary approach that combines the typical geoarchaeological analysis (archaeology, topography, geomorphology and paleobotany) with the literary sources. In this way we could reconstruct the evolution of the wetlands, their nature, values and functions.

The Garigliano plain (between Lazio and Campania) has been characterized until recently by an alternation of swamps or wet zones and well drained areas due to the presence of old beach ridges. The settlement system and the economy of the region were influenced by these natural conditions. This research aims to reconstruct the evolution of the coastal landscape and study the relationship between the presence of humans, the organization of the territory, historical events and climatic changes through geoarchaeological methodologies. It is a multidisciplinary approach that combines the typical analysis from archaeology, topography, geomorphology and paleobotany.

L'articolo presenta uno studio sul territorio nei pressi di Crema (CR) con un'analisi delle persistenze della centuriazione in relazione alla variazione della rete idrografica. L'analisi si focalizza sulla problematica della variazione di corso del fiume Serio con un tentativo di individuare il momento cronologico in cui questa è avventua. Partendo da questa analisi si arriva a mettere in evidenza con un approccio multidisciplinare (archeologico, topografico, geomorfologico), lo stretto legame che intercorre tra la conservazione delle tracce centuriali nel paesaggio attuale e le mutazioni ambinetali e le civence storiche.

Sintesi di un ampio studio di carattere geoarcheologico condotto con la collaborazione del Dipartimento di Archeologia di Bologna e del Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra di Roma. Lo studio si è concentrato sull'evoluzione del paesaggio antico nella piana di foce del fiume Crati (Calabria) partendo da una combinazione di dati di natura geologica, geomorfologica e storico-archeologica con la finalità di coomprendere la relazione esistente tra le variazioni ambientali e climatiche e le dinamiche insediative nelle piana costiera.