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The aim of this paper is to present the archaeological data that allows us to characterise the agrarian practices of Roman farmers through the study of cultivated fields. To undertake this research, we designed an analytical strategy combining spatial analysis, microstratigraphic analysis through soil micromorphology and physical-chemical analyses of bulk soil samples, and archaeobotanical analyses including palynology, phytoliths and geochemical analysis. All this has allowed us to obtain data of interest for the reconstruction of agrarian land use and to establish a methodological basis for developing future research. This high-resolution, multiscalar, and multianalytical approach pursues to characterise these archaeological contexts to singularize intensive agricultural practices developed in terraced field. The creation of this Roman peasant landscape is related to a specific models of socioeconomic organisation of agricultural work based on the household and its workforce as a determining vector in agrarian intensification.

The casts of Pompeii bear witness to the people who died during the Vesuvius 79 AD eruption. However, studies on the cause of death of these victims have not been conclusive. A previous important step is the understanding of the post-depositional processes and the impact of the plaster in bones, two issues that have not been previously evaluated. Here we report on the anthropological and the first chemical data obtained from the study of six casts from Porta Nola area and one from Terme Suburbane. A non-invasive chemical analysis by portable X-ray fluorescence was employed for the first time on these casts of Pompeii to determine the elemental composition of the bones and the plaster. Elemental profiles were determined providing important data that cross-referenced with anthropological and stratigraphic results, are clearly helpful in the reconstruction of the perimortem and post-mortem events concerning the history of these individuals. The comparative analyses carried out on the bone casts and other collections from burned bones of the necropolis of Porta Nola in Pompeii and Rome Sepolcreto Ostiense, and buried bones from Valencia (Spain), reveal the extent of high temperature alteration and post-depositional plaster contamination. These factors make bioarchaeological analyses difficult but still allow us to support asphyxia as the likely cause of death.

[ES] El sistema educativo universitario se basa en gran medida en clases presenciales. Un evento inesperado como la pandemia de la COVID-19, que estalló durante los primeros meses del 2020, llevó a las autoridades a declarar el estado de alerta y a tomar, entre otras medidas, la interrupción de la actividad docente presencial. El profesorado universitario tuvo que adaptar la actividad docente a un sistema, para muchos, novedoso: la docencia en línea. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar los instrumentos y las estrategias empleadas para dar una rápida respuesta a una situación de emergencia. Nuestro caso se centra en la enseñanza de una asignatura de tercer curso del Grado de Historia en la Universitat de València: metodología Arqueológica, adaptada a un sistema de tutorías y clases por e-learning.El empleo de Blackboard Collaborate ha demostrado ser una herramienta muy positiva que complementa el aula virtual simple y potencia la enseñanza y la tutoría en línea, implementada con cuestionarios en Moodle y Kahoot!. Esta plataforma, en colaboración con el modelo pedagógico de aula inversa como modalidad de aprendizaje, ha sido una estrategia motivadora y efectiva para el estudiantado. Esta adaptación ha permitido mantener la trasmisión de los contenidos con resultados de aprendizaje positivos., [EN] The university education system is largely based on face-to-f ace classes. An unexpected event such as the pandemic development of COVID-19 during the first months of 2020, led the authorities to declare a state of alert and, among other measures, the interruption of teaching activity at the university took action. Both professors and students have suddenly adapted the teaching activity to an online mode. The aim of this paper is to show the instruments and strategies used to give a quick response to a sanitary emergency in the teaching of Archaeological Methodology (degree of History at the University of Valencia), adapting tutoring and classes to the e-learning tools. The use of the Blackboard Collaborate platform as a simple and robust virtual classroom solution to enhance online teaching and tutoring, coupled with the Flipped Teaching pedagogical model as a learning modality, implemented with both Moodle and Kahoot questionnaires, has worked as a motivating and effective strategy to the students. Finally, the methods adopted has led to keep the transmission of contents high, with positive results reflected in the passing of the assessment by the students.

[EN] The case study, like other methodologies that enhance the active participation of the students, greatly favours the teaching-learning process. Here we present the design, application and results of the cases implemented in two Archaeology subjects (History Degree, University of Valencia). Within the framework of a Teaching Innovation Project (METARQ), we have implemented, in six different groups, two cases related to two subjects: Archaeological Methodology (3rd year-2nd semester, three groups) and Mediterranean Archaeology (4th year-1st semester, three groups). Both the learning results and the general opinion of the students were very positive. In addition, the application of this powerful teaching tool in different semesters and diverse and changing modalities (face-to-face, online, and blended learning) have allowed us to improve and adapt the tool to the detected needs., [ES] El estudio de casos, como otras metodologías que potencian la participación activa del estudiantado, favorece en gran medida el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Presentamos aquí el diseño, la aplicación y los resultados de los casos aplicados en dos asignaturas de Arqueología en el Grado de Historia de la Universitat de València. En el marco del Proyecto de Innovación Docente METARQ, se han puesto en práctica en seis grupos distintos: Metodología Arqueológica (3er curso-2º cuatrimestre, tres grupos) y Arqueología del Mediterráneo (4º curso-1er cuatrimestre, tres grupos). Tanto los resultados de aprendizaje, como la opinión general del estudiantado fueron muy positivos. Además, la aplicación de esta potente herramienta docente en cuatrimestres distintos y modalidades diversas y cambiantes (presencial, online y semipresencial) nos permitió mejorar y adaptar la herramienta a las necesidades detectadas.

En este trabajo editamos una pequeña lámina de plomo hallada en el Pico de los Ajos (Yátova) en la campaña de 2018. La lámina apareció plegada y contiene una inscripción ibérica de una sola línea en cada cara que muy probablemente configure un solo texto completo. Sus características formales son poco comunes, siendo el paralelo más cercano el de las láminas votivas de El Amarejo. La presencia del elemento kutuŕ, frecuente en las inscripciones votivas rupestres, también apuntaría a una interpretación religiosa. Desde el punto de vista paleográfico, cabe señalar que se trata de un texto explícitamente dual, ya que conviven en él las dos variantes de te y ŕ. A pesar de que el contexto arqueológico de su amortización tiene una cronología de finales del s. II a. C. o principios del s. I a. C., este nuevo plomo presenta una paleografía arcaica, quizás incluso del s. IV a. C. Esto se explicaría bien por el hecho de aparecer en un edificio dedicado al reciclaje de objetos metálicos, siendo en ese momento la lámina sólo un objeto metálico más, fuera de su contexto original.; In this paper we edit a small sheet of lead found in the iberian site of Pico de los ajos (Yátova) in the 2018 campaign. the sheet appeared folded and it contains an iberian inscription of one line on each side that most likely forms a single full text. its formal characteristics are uncommon, the closest parallel being the votive lead sheets of the site of el amarejo. the presence of the kutuŕ element, frequent in rock votive inscriptions, would also invite to a religious interpretation. From the palaeographic point of view, it should be noted that this is an explicitly dual text, due to the convivence of the two variants of the signs te and ŕ. although the archaeological context of its amortization has a chronology of the end of the 2nd century BC or early 1st century BC, this new lead sheet presents an archaic palaeography, perhaps even from the 4th century BC. this would be well explained because th

This study investigates the stratigraphical sequence of Cocina Cave (Spain) employing and testing for the first time the capability of rare earth elements as markers of human activities in caves. Located in Dos Aguas (Valencian Community, Spain), Cocina Cave is characterized by the presence of several Holocene archaeological deposits from the final Mesolithic to the present day and is a pivotal site for understanding the socio‐ecological dynamics of the last hunter‐gatherer inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula and the transition to pastoral and agricultural economies in the Western Mediterranean. However, the identification of strata from particular time‐periods in the cave is often difficult due to the homogeneity of layers, the poor archaeological record in some strata and the presence of severe disturbance phenomena. The methodological approach of this study consisted of cross‐referencing rare earth elements and other chemical markers with the archaeological stratigraphical interpretation, in an attempt to not only support the identification of the anthropic contribution to the formation of Cocina Cave strata, but also to characterize and confirm different natural and occupational episodes, particularly those associated with hunter‐gatherer, early agriculturalist, and shepherd activities. Sediments were collected from different excavation areas and analysed for major elements, trace elements, rare earth elements (REE), soil organic matter (SOM) amounts and pH. Multivariate statistics were employed to group samples according to their elemental profile, and these were then compared to the archaeological temporal interpretation. The obtained results showed that REE amount and fractionation geochemical processes were regulated by carbonates, phosphates and pH. The use of REE as markers was particularly useful as their concentrations and their calculated ratios and anomaly distributions were demonstrated to be highly consistent with the archaeological stratigraphical