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Two-dimensional intrinsic magnetic materials with a high Curie temperature (TC) and 100% spin-polarization are highly desirable for creating spintronic devices. In this work, the electronic structure and intrinsic magnetism of XCrS4 (X = Ti, Zr) monolayers are predicted by using first-principles calculations. XCrS4 (X = Ti, Zr) monolayer materials exhibit excellent dynamical, thermal, and dynamically stable stability and small binding energy. The band structures show that XCrS4 (X = Ti, Zr) monolayers are intrinsic ferromagnetic (FM) half-metals with wide half-metallic gaps. Monte Carlo simulations based on the Heisenberg model are used to estimate the Curie temperature (TC) of the TiCrS4 (73 K) and ZrCrS4 (216 K) monolayers. The magnetic performances can be significantly modulated by strain; the TiCrS4 monolayer can undergo FM to antiferromagnetic phase transition under certain uniaxial and biaxial strains. The results indicate that the intrinsic half-metals with higher TC and controllable magnetic properties make XCrS4 (X = Ti, Zr) monolayers enrich the application of nanoscale spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of carbon neutrality, huge changes on the power supply side and the load side have brought forward new requirements and challenges for grid operation and dispatchers. A low-cost and effective measure is real-time power grid network topology optimization and control (NTOC). However, except for the simplest action of line switching, the combinatorial and non-linear nature of the NTOC problem has made existing approaches infeasible for grids of reasonable scales. This paper proposes a novel artificial intelligence (AI) based approach for maximizing available transfer capabilities (ATCs) via network topology control considering various practical constraints and uncertainties. First, imitation learning is utilized to provide a good initial policy for the AI agent. Then, the agent is trained through deep reinforcement learning with a novel guided exploration technique, which significantly improves the training efficiency. Finally, an early warning mechanism is designed to help the agent identify a proper action time, which effectively improves the fault tolerance and robustness of the method. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested by using open-sourced data of the IEEE 14-note system.

To further increase the mass fraction of glandular trichome secretion of Y2001, a mutant of NtCycB2 gene, which regulates glandular trichome formation, was created by EMS mutagenesis. The mutant was serially backcrossed with Y2001 as the recurrent parent, resulting in the modified line HY2001 with multi-glandular trichome orientation. The observation indicated that the total density of glandular trichomes of HY2001 increased by 117% compared with Zhongyan 100, in which the density of both long stalk and short stalk glandular trichomes increased significantly, while the density of non-glandular trichome type decreased significantly. The total density of HY2001 glandular trichomes increased by 77% compared with Y2001, in which the density of long stalk and short stalk glandular trichomes increased significantly, and the density of non-glandular trichomes increased slightly. The results of the chemical components on the leaf surface showed that the secreted components of HY2001 were the same as those of Y2001 and Zhongyan 100; however, its secretion content was significantly higher, especially the cembranoid diterpene content was 3.03 and 1.98 times as that of Zhongyan 100 and Y2001, and the sucrose ester content was 3.43 and 2.63 times as that of Zhongyan 100 and Y2001, respectively. The expression levels of diterpenoid biosynthesis related genes NtCBTS, NtCYP71D16, NtABS and sugar ester biosynthesis related genes NtASAT1 and NtASAT2 were upregulated in HY2001. The results of the drought stress experiment suggested that compared with Y2001, the wilting degree of HY2001 leaves was less and the antioxidant capacity of HY2001 line was significantly higher under drought stress. After inoculation with Phytophthora parasitica, the infection level of the stalk base of HY2001 plant was lower and the expression levels of resistance related genes NtPR1b and Nthsr203J were higher as compared to Y2001. The results of the aphid inoculation experiment showed that HY2001 was less attractive to aphids and the aphid reproduction rate on HY2001 was lower as compared to Y2001. The density of glandular trichomes and the secretion content of HY2001 increased significantly, and its resistance to drought, aphid and black shank improved. In conclusion, HY2001 has a great potential in tobacco growing areas in the central of Henan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common vascular disease associated with significant phenotypic alterations in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a pore‐forming effector of pyroptosis. In this study, the role of VSMC‐specific GSDMD in the phenotypic alteration of VSMCs and AAA formation is determined. Single‐cell transcriptome analyses reveal Gsdmd upregulation in aortic VSMCs in angiotensin (Ang) II‐induced AAA. VSMC‐specific Gsdmd deletion ameliorates Ang II‐induced AAA in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mice. Using untargeted metabolomic analysis, it is found that putrescine is significantly reduced in the plasma and aortic tissues of VSMC‐specific GSDMD deficient mice. High putrescine levels trigger a pro‐inflammatory phenotype in VSMCs and increase susceptibility to Ang II‐induced AAA formation in mice. In a population‐based study, a high level of putrescine in plasma is associated with the risk of AAA (p < 2.2 × 10−16), consistent with the animal data. Mechanistically, GSDMD enhances endoplasmic reticulum stress‐C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling, which in turn promotes the expression of ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1), the enzyme responsible for increased putrescine levels. Treatment with the ODC1 inhibitor, difluoromethylornithine, reduces AAA formation in Ang II‐infused ApoE−/− mice. The findings suggest that putrescine is a potential biomarker and target for AAA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]