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Romosinuano is a tropically adapted Bos taurus breed, and some Mexican breeders look to improve it genetically. The aim was to estimate allelic and genotypic frequencies for SNPs associated with meat quality in a Mexican Romosinuano population. Four hundred ninety-six animals were genotyped using the Axiom©BovMDv3 array. Only SNPs related to meat quality in this array were studied in this analysis. The Calpain, Calpastatin, and Melanocortin-4 receptor alleles were considered. Allelic and genotypic frequencies and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were estimated with the PLINK software. Principal component analysis was carried out with the meat quality SNPs information to determine stratification by haplotype in genes of the population. Alleles associated with meat tenderness, higher marbling score, and lower shear force were found in the Romosinuano cattle population. CAPN1_4751 was found in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The rest of the markers could be affected by selection and inbreeding. Romosinuano cattle in Mexico have similar genotypic frequencies in markers related to meat quality to Bos taurusbreeds known for their meat tenderness. Breeders can choose a marker-assisted selection to improve meat quality characteristics.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk of Fasciola hepatica infection in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during peripartum in southeastern Mexico. An observational study was designed, in which 94 pregnant buffalo cows near calving and naturally exposed to F. hepatica were included. Farm visits were made on days 60, 30, 15 prepartum, at calving, and on days 15 and 30 postpartum. Feces were obtained from all animals to confirm the presence of F. hepatica eggs. A group of 49 animals was randomly treated twice at day 60 prepartum and at calving with nitroxynil and the other group (n = 45) was kept untreated. Buffaloes would be treated once presenting a positive coproparasitological diagnosis up to 30 days postpartum. F. hepatica was detected in 5.3% of the buffaloes (5/94) with a prevalence between 1.7 and 12%. It was observed that treated buffaloes had a lower risk (4.08%) of being positive than untreated buffaloes (6.67%) (P 0.05). It was also found that untreated animals had 1.6 times more risk of being positive than treated buffaloes. This paper presents the first report of F. hepatica in water buffaloes in Mexico, demonstrating that the two preventive treatments reduced F. hepatica egg shedding during parturition. These findings highlight the need for monitoring for F. hepatica even in unreported/silent potential disease areas.

Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, is one of the most important fish species for aquaculture worldwide. Egg mass production is directly related to the success and profitability of hatchery farms assuring an adequate egg and consequently fry and fingerling quantity. Most of the success of hatchery farms in Mexico rely on the capacity of production for enough fry to cover the demand of grow-out farms. An analysis was performed with the purpose of estimate the effect of year, month, color, pond and water temperature on egg mass weight data (EMW, g) (n = 3201). The overall mean for EMW was 683.21 g. The effect of all assessed factors was highly significant (P < 0.0001). Pond and year effects suggested an effect possibly related to management strategies. Month indicated an important effect on early spawning, and water temperature showed a highly significant effect of gradient pattern on EMW (P < 0.0001), with a linear slope of −67.8 g by increasing temperature degree. Results confirmed the importance of non-genetic influence on egg mass production, supporting the need for attention of this highly variable trait and suggested the possible improvement on this reproductive indicator through the better control of environmental sources of variation.

La terneza y el marmoreo son características poligénicas e indicadoras de calidad en la carne bovina. Uno de los genes relacionados con la terneza en la carne es el gen de µ-calpaína (CAPN), en el cual se han identificado dos polimorfismos CAPN316 y CAPN4751 asociados significativamente a esta característica. En el gen de la Tiroglobulina (TG5) relacionado con el marmoleo, se ha identificado un polimorfismo en la posición -537del gen, asociado a la deposición de grasa intramuscular en bovinos. Objetivo: estimar las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas de tres marcadores genéticos y su asocación con carcaterísticas de calidad de la carne bovina. Métodos: a partir de muestras de sangre de 80 toretes Charolais de 12 meses de edad mantenidos en pruebas de comportamiento, se caracterizaron polimorfismos en los marcadores CAPN316 y CAPN4751 identificados mediante el diseño de oligonucleótidos y la creación de sitios de restricción en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR-ACRS) y de TG5 identifificado mediante PCR- RFLP, se utilizaron cebadores previamente reportados. Resultados: las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas de los polimorfismo de CAPN4751 y TG5 mostraron estar en equilibrio genético; más no para CAPN316. Los análisis de asociación mostraron una diferencia significativa del marcador CAPN4751 sobre el área del músculo Longissimus dorsi (REA) (pA maciez e o marmoreio são características poligênicas e indicadoras de qualidade da carne. Um dos genes relacionados à maciez da carne é o gene da -calpaína (CAPN1), no qual se tem identificados dois polimorfismos CAPN316 e CAPN4751 associados significativamente com esta característica. No gene da tiroglobulina (TG5) relacionado com o marmoreio, se tem identificado um polimorfismo na posição -537. Objetivo: estimar as frequências genotípicas e alélicas de três marcadores genéticos (SNP) e fazer a respectiva associação dos genótipos e alelos com os indicadores de qualidade da carne, obtendo um efeito significativo sobre algumas características de carcaça estimada pela ultrassonografia em tempo real em touros Charolês no noroeste do México. Métodos: foram identificados polimorfismos em três marcadores SNP a partir de 80 amostras de sangue de novilhos Charolês, sendo os SNP CAPN4751 e CAPN316 identificados após o desenho de oligonucleotídeos iniciadores e a criação de sítios de restrição na reação em cadeia da enzima polimerase (PCR-ACRS). O marcador TG5 foi identificado por PCR-RFLP com sequencias de oligonucleotídeos previamente reportadas. Resultados: Os polimorfismos CAPN4751 e TG5 mostraram estar em equilíbrio genético, mas o CAPN316 esta em desequilíbrio. A análise de associação demonstrou uma diferença estatística significativa para o marcador CAPN4751 em área do músculo Longissimus dorsi (REA) (p< 0.05) e gordura intramuscular (MI) (pTenderness and marbling are polygenic traits used as indicators of good meat quality. Among different genes related to meat quality, µ-calpaine (CAPN1) and thyroglobulin (TG5) have been specifically linked to tenderness and marbling, respectively. Objectives: to estimate the allelic and genotypic frequencies of markers in CAPN1 and TG5 genes, and relate their presence to beef carcass quality. Methods: CAPN1 and TG5 polymorphisms were identified by PCR-ACRS and PCR-RFLP, respectively, validating their putative effects on beef carcass using real time ultrasound in Charolais candidate sires (n=80). Results: computed genotypic frequencies in CAP4751 and TG5 showed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, while CAP316 expressed deviation from equilibrium. Association analysis indicated a significant effect of CAP4751 on rib eye area (REA) (p

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el comportamiento productivo del nacimiento al destete de terneros simmental y sus cruzas con brahman en un rebaño productor de carne en el sur de Tamaulipas, México. Se analizaron los registros de los años 1994 a 2005, peso al nacimiento (PN, n = 947), peso al destete ajustado a 205 días (PD205, n = 802), y ganancia diaria predestete (GDP, n = 802), utilizando el método de mínimos cuadrados para determinar los efectos de grupo racial (GR), año (AP) y época (EP) de parto, número de parto (NP), sexo de la cría (SX), y las interacciones de primer orden sobre PN; mientras que para GDP y PD205 se consideró además el PN como covariable. Las medias generales para PN, GDP y PD205 fueron 35.2 ± 6.7, 0.774 ± 0.175 y 194.3 ± 37.3 kg, respectivamente. El GR afectó significativamente (p0.05) en ninguna de las variables de respuesta.O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a eficiência produtiva do nascimento de bezerros na desmama Simental e seus cruzamentos com Brahman, em um rebanho produtor de carne de bovino no sul do Tamaulipas, México. Foram analisados os registros dos anos de 1994 a 2005, peso ao nascer (PN, n = 947), desmame peso ajustado para 205 dias (PD205, n = 802), eo ganho diário predestete (PIB n = 802), utilizando o método dos mínimos quadrados para determinar os efeitos de grupo racial (GR), ano (PA) e tempo (EP) de nascimento, número de partos (NP), o sexo de criação (SX) e as interações de primeira ordem em PN, enquanto que para o PIB e PD205 também é considerado como o PN covariable. e as interações de primeira ordem em PN, enquanto que para o PIB e PD205 também é considerado como o PN covariable. O CR afetados significativamente (p0.05) em nenhuma das variáveis resposta.The objective of this study was to determine the productive performance in body weight change from birth to weaning, of calves simmental and their crosses with brahman in a beef cattle in the south of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Data were analyzed from 1994 to 2005 years (birth weight BW, n = 947; weaning weight adjusted to 205 days WW205, n = 802; and pre-weaning daily gain weight DGW, n = 802) using the method of minimum square to determine the effects of breed group (BG), year (YC), and season (SC) calving, parity number of cow (PC), and sex of calves (SX); and the interaction of first order on the variables of BW, DGW and WW205. In DGW and WW205 were considered the covariable of BW. The averages for BW, DGW and WW205 were 35.2 ± 6.7, 0.774 ± 0.175 and 194.3 ± 37.3 kg, respectively. The BG was affected (p0.05) on anyone’s variables.

"In shrimp farming, one of the most important challenges is to increase shrimp production, which has encouraged increased seeding rates. In this study, the response of metabolites in hemolymph and performance of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) grown at high densities was evaluated, using total protein, lactate and glucose concentrations as stress indicators. At the beginning of the bioassay, lactate was high, while growth and specific survival were poorer, which is inferred as a response to seeding- time stress. At the end of the bioassay was obtained statistical difference in total protein levels, with an increase of final weight and survival."

"La terneza y el marmoreo son características poligénicas e indicadoras de calidad en la carne bovina. Uno de los genes relacionados con la terneza en la carne es el gen de µ-calpaína (CAPN), en el cual se han identificado dos polimorfismos CAPN316 y CAPN4751 asociados significativamente a esta característica. En el gen de la Tiroglobulina (TG5) relacionado con el marmoleo, se ha identificado un polimorfismo en la posición -537del gen, asociado a la deposición de grasa intramuscular en bovinos. Objetivo: estimar las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas de tres marcadores genéticos y su asocación con carcaterísticas de calidad de la carne bovina. Métodos: a partir de muestras de sangre de 80 toretes Charolais de 12 meses de edad mantenidos en pruebas de comportamiento, se caracterizaron polimorfismos en los marcadores CAPN316 y CAPN4751 identificados mediante el diseño de oligonucleótidos y la creación de sitios de restricción en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR-ACRS) y de TG5 identifificado mediante PCRRFLP, se utilizaron cebadores previamente reportados. Resultados: las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas de los polimorfismo de CAPN4751 y TG5 mostraron estar en equilibrio genético; más no para CAPN316. Los análisis de asociación mostraron una diferencia significativa del marcador CAPN4751 sobre el área del músculo Longissimus dorsi (REA) (p

Fueron obtenidas muestras de toros Charolais de registro (N=130) candidatos a sementales para hatos pie de cría manejados en un centro de pruebas de comportamiento productivo, con la finalidad de estimar las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas de tres marcadores simples de un solo nucleótido que han sido asociados con características de calidad de la carne en ganado bovino. Se analizaron dos polimorfismos en el gen Calpaína, CAPN316 y CAPN4751, y la mutación Q204X, privada de la raza Charolais, en el gen Miostatina. Se encontró alta frecuencia del alelo normal en CAPN316 (f=0.85) y frecuencia similares de los alelos normal y mutado para el marcador CAPN4751 (f= 0.58 y 0.48, respectivamente). Se analizó la frecuencia de la mutación Q204X del gen Miostatina, encontrándose baja frecuencia (f= 0.03) atribuible a la selección negativa para la característica de doble musculatura en los últimos 30 años. Se discuten las implicaciones del estudio y validación del efecto de estos marcadores en el sistema de productor de carne bovina. La implementación del uso de estos marcadores podría ayudar a incentivar el desarrollo del sistema, el fomento de nichos de mercado para la calidad de la carne y sobre aumentar la rentabilidad de los sistemas de producción de carne actuales. Samples from registered Charolais sire candidate bulls for breeding herds and managed in a performance test station (N=130) were analyzed in order to estimate genotypic and allelic frequencies of three single nucleotide polymorphisms associated to beef quality traits. Two Calpain gene SNP markers, CAPN316 and CAPN4751, and the Charolais private mutation Q204X associated to double-muscling phenotype, were assessed. High frequency of normal allele was observed in CAPN316 (f=0.85) and similar frequencies for normal and favorable alleles in CAPN4751 (f=0.58 and 0.42, respectively). For Q204X, a low prevalence for the double muscling promoter allele was observed (f=0.03) attributable to negative selection criterion over this trait in the last 30 years. Implication and validation effects of the marker effects on the beef production system are discussed. Implementation of marker assisted management could help system development, support creation of quality meat niches and facilitate the increasing profitability for current beef production industry. Foram obtidas amostras de machos da raça Charolês registrado (N=130) candidatos a serem reprodutores para fazendas de cria, manejados em una central de teste de desempenho, com a finalidade de estimar as freqüências genotípicas e gênicas de três marcadores de um só nucleótido, associados com características de qualidade da carne bovina. Foram analisados os polimorfismos do gen da Calpaína, CAPN316 e CAPN4751, e a mutação Q204X, privada da raza charolês, no gen da Miostatina. Foram encontradas freqüências altas do alelo normal na CAPN316 (f= 0.85) e freqüências similares dos alelos normal e mutado para o marcador CAPN4751 (f=0.58 e 0.48, respectivamente). Foi encontrada baixa freqüência da mutação Q204X do gen Miostatina (f=0.03) devido à seleção negativa para a característica de dupla musculatura nos últimos 30 anos. O uso destes marcadores poderia ajudar a incentivar o desenvolvimento e fomento de mercados específicos para qualidade de carne e aumentar a rentabilidade dos sistemas de produção de carne atuais.