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The present investigation, exposes how the absence of both parents affects the structuring of the personality in the boys and girls who experience the abandonment, taking as contribution what was proposed by the systemic theory in front of the family, which considers it as the first entity of contact and the space in which the psychological and social development of people begins, likewise what is posed by psychoanalytic theory regarding the structuring of personality. The family is considered as a fundamental piece in the child's psychological development, therefore the presence of both parents plays a significant role during physical and psychological growth. The main objective was to analyze how the personality is being structured in children abandoned by their parents. The research is adjusted to the qualitative method, where six (6) minors of both sexes participated, whose ages ranged from nine (9) to eleven (11) years of age, the participants were part of the ICBF (Colombian Institute of Family Welfare). A total of two projective tests were applied to open interviews: the CAT (Thematic Apperception Test for children CAT-A) and the Family Drawing Test, case study, medical history and personalized observations. It is highlighted that boys and girls currently do not they have the presence of a male figure who can fulfill the functions of a father figure and who can make way for the Oedipus to find a suitable outlet; Furthermore, the women in charge of the care of the participants change frequently, generating difficulties in establishing secure affective bonds, presenting a weak self and superego and with notable affective gaps in their primary bonding relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]