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Polysaccharide-based nanocarriers (PBNs) are the focus of extensive investigation because of their biocompatibility, low cost, wide availability, and chemical versatility, which allow a wide range of anticancer agents to be loaded within the nanocarriers. Similar to other nanocarriers, most PBNs are designed to extravasate out of tumor vessels, depending on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, the EPR effect is compromised in some tumors due to the heterogeneity of tumor structures. Transvascular transport efficacy is decreased by complex blood vessels and condensed tumor stroma. The limited extravasation impedes efficient drug delivery into tumor parenchyma, and thus affects the subsequent tumor accumulation, which hinders the therapeutic effect of PBNs. Therefore, overcoming the biological barriers that restrict extravasation from tumor vessels is of great importance in PBN design. Many strategies have been developed to enhance the EPR effect that involve nanocarrier property regulation and tumor structure remodeling. Moreover, some researchers have proposed active transcytosis pathways that are complementary to the paracellular EPR effect to increase the transvascular extravasation efficiency of PBNs. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the design of PBNs with enhanced transvascular transport to enable optimization of PBNs in the extravasation of the drug delivery process. We also discuss the obstacles and challenges that need to be addressed to clarify the transendothemial mechanism of PBNs and the potential interactions between extravasation and other drug delivery steps.

As a kind of basic polypeptide with antibacterial properties, antimicrobial peptides play an important role in resisting the invasion of foreign microorganisms.

Near infrared (NIR) fluorescent organic molecules as fluorescent probes accurately guide photothermal therapy as a potential antitumor method. However, the aggregation and quenching of organic fluorescent molecules and poor tissue permeability greatly limit their therapeutic effect and clinical transformation. In this paper, with a D-A-D structure as the molecular skeleton, cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) as the donor (D), diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as the acceptor (A), and long-chain isooctane as the shielding unit, organic fluorescent small molecules with a strong absorption band and bright NIR-II emission were synthesized. Then, tetraphenylethylene (TPE) molecules with typical AIE structure characteristics were introduced on both sides of the organic fluorescent small molecules, and an organic small molecular fluorophore (TDA) with AIE characteristics and the photothermal effect was designed. Through a series of experimental characterization techniques, it is proved that TDA NPs have good biocompatibility and tissue permeability, and can accurately locate the tumor location through NIR-II fluorescence imaging to achieve local photothermal treatment of tumors.

Convenient and low-cost dressings can reduce the difficulty of wound treatment.

Biomedicine is developing rapidly in the 21st century. Among them, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of peptide biomarkers is of considerable importance for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases and the quality evaluation of drugs and food. The identification and quantitative analysis of peptides have been going on for decades. Traditionally, immunoassays or biological assays are generally used to quantify peptides in biological matrices. However, the selectivity and sensitivity of these methods cannot meet the requirements of the application. The separation and analysis technique of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) supplies a reliable alternative. In contrast to immunoassays, LC-MS methods are capable of providing the analytical prowess necessary to satisfy the demands of peptide biomarker research in the life sciences arena. This review article provides a historical account of the in-roads made by LC-MS technology for the detection of peptide biomarkers in the past 10 years, with the focus on the qualification/quantification developments and their applications.

Four monodisperse porous polymer microspheres were successfully prepared by seed emulsion polymerization and used as stationary phases for HPLC and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (Prep-HPLC). All four polymer microspheres(polystyrene–polystyrene (PS-PS), polystyrene-poly(glycidyl methylate) (PS-PGMA), polystyrene-poly(methyl methylate) and poly(glycidyl methylate)–poly(glycidyl methylate) were used for filling HPLC empty columns. According to the analysis results of the HPLC column, PS-PS and PS-PGMA microspheres were screened out as the stationary phase of Prep-HPLC. The industrial-grade phytol was successfully separated and purified, and the purity of the final phytol was as high as 99%. The two types of polymer microspheres have been applied to industrial-grade phytol purification and have been used in factories.

We report for the first time a noble metal-free photocatalyst capable of independent photocatalytic production of HClO.

The goal of inhibiting tumor growth can be achieved by cutting off the supply of nutrients in the blood vessels of the tumor site, but how to effectively, accurately and...

Modern medicine has increasingly higher requirements for antibacterial materials. To overcome this challenge, we use alkynyl monomers, amino monomers, formaldehyde, and acetic acid as raw materials to synthesize a series of poly-tetrahydropyrimidine (P-THP) polymers through multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs). P-THP polymers can effectively inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (

In recent years, the efficacy of nano-drugs has not been significantly better than that of the drugs themselves, mainly because nano-drugs enter the tumor vasculature, stay near the blood vessels, and cannot enter the tumor tissues or tumor cells to complete the drug delivery process. Although intratumor injection can significantly decrease this risk, the side effects are strong. The advent of drug delivery carrier materials offers an opportunity to avoid the side effects of systemic drug delivery and the damage caused by tumor resection, holding great promise for the future of cancer therapy. Here, we systematically review recent research advances in the classification of drug delivery carrier materials and the delivery process in drug delivery systems. This review is divided into several main sections, first, we summarize the classification of tumor drug carrier materials, including drug delivery vectors and gene delivery vectors

The yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C nanocomposites with Co3O4 as the core, Fe3O4/C as the shell, and a cavity structure were synthesized by the hard template method. The physical and chemical properties of the composites were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA, XPS, BET, and VSM. The specific surface area of yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C nanocomposites is 175.9 m2 g-1, showing superparamagnetic properties. The yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C nanocomposites were used as heterogeneous Fenton catalysts to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade MB, which showed high catalytic degradation performance. The degradation rate of MB reached 100% within 30 min under the circumstances of the yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C nanocomposites dosage of 0.1 g L-1, the PMS dosage of 1.0 g L-1, the initial MB concentration of 100 mg L-1, an initial pH of 5.5, and a temperature of 30±2 ℃. The enhanced catalytic performance of the yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C nanocomposites can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the two catalytically active materials and the middle cavity. The effects of different operating parameters and co-existing anion species on MB degradation were also investigated. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis and quenching experiments confirmed that the formation of SO₄̇⁻ in the yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C/PMS system contributes to MB degradation. In addition, yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C nanocomposites can be easily separated from the pollutant solution under the action of an external magnetic field, and the degradation rate of MB can still reach 98% after five cycles, indicating that it has good stability and reusability and has broad application prospects in the field of water purification.

Polymer microspheres have been widely used as a stationary phase for liquid chromatography. In this work, we prepared and synthesized polystyrene-methyl methacrylate (PS-PMMA) microspheres, modified them, characterized the microspheres to have good chromatographic properties, and then used them as a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) stationary phase to explore their applications. First, the PS-PMMA microspheres were hydrolyzed, and the separation of benzene homologues/alkaloids was explored. Then, on the basis of hydrolysis, diazo resin (DR) was used as a coupling agent to further modify the surface of the microspheres with amphoteric glycopeptide vancomycin. The modified microspheres were used as a HPLC stationary phase to explore the application of the stationary phase in the separation of chiral drugs. This work is important to broaden the application of functional chiral columns for antibiotics and to expand the application of PS-PMMA microspheres in HPLC.

A novel chiral selector polyacrylic acid-β-cyclodextrin (PAA-β-CD) was successfully prepared, then a facile synthesis of PAA-β-CD stationary phase based on diazotized silica was developed and chara...

Using vanadium oxide (VOx) thin film as active layer, microbolometer with gold black absorber was fabricated due to the high mid-infrared (8-14μm) absorption property of gold black. This paper desc...

A MoS2 nanosheets drug delivery system with photothermal conversion ability was synthesized. The drug loading content of the synthesized was as high as 24.5%. The drug HCPT was modified by lipoic a...

Natural organic nanoparticle cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with good biocompatibility and unique physical and chemical properties have been proved to be promising materials for drug delivery system...

In this paper, the adsorption capacity of CNT modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN) film on copper ions under different conditions was studied by the adsorption experiment of the prepared multilayer dia...

Adsorption is a common method to treat organic dye pollution in industrial wastewater. Selective adsorption and reuse can greatly reduce the waste of adsorbents. Among the adsorbents of many different materials, the porous polymer microspheres as adsorbents have the characteristics of good adsorption effect, wide application range and large modification space, showing the unique advantages different from the traditional carbon materials. As a new kind of porous polymer material, polyionic liquid porous microspheres have great potential in the field of organic dye adsorption. In this paper, the selective adsorption of anionic organic dyes by a novel monodisperse pyridine polyionic liquid microsphere as an organic dye adsorbent was studied and the adsorption mechanism was studied.

Nucleic acid-based agents have advantages in therapeutic efficacy and biological safety. However, due to its facile degradability, it lacks an effective route of administration in wound treatment. Designing smart hydrogels for the spatiotemporally controllable delivery of nucleic acids is of great significance for clinical applications. Here, a near-infrared (NIR)-responsive nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared using methyl methacrylate (GMA)-modified chitosan as the macromolecular cross-linker, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) as the backbone, and molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS

Membrane chromatography is mainly used for the separation and purification of proteins and biological macromolecules in the downstream processing process, also applications in sewage disposal. Membrane chromatography is recognized as an effective alternative to column chromatography because it significantly improves chromatography from affinity, hydrophobicity, and ion exchange; the development status of membrane chromatography in membrane matrix and membrane equipment is thoroughly discussed, and the applications of protein capture and intermediate purification, virus, monoclonal antibody purification, water treatment, and others are summarized. This review will provide value for the exploration and potential application of membrane chromatography.

Multilayers’ absorption DMDM structure of SiO2/TiNx/SiO2/VOx structure for 8-14 infrared wavelengths is proposed and simulated. Between mid-infrared 8 μm and 14 μm wavelengths, infrared detector wi...

Combination chemotherapy is widely exploited to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) and enhance the therapeutic effect of anti-tumor agents clinically. The traditional combination regimens applied in clinical practice still suffer from various obstacles, such as inevitable side effects. Fortunately, the application of nanotechnology and the proposal of co-delivery systems make the combination therapy more effective. The occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumors are closely related to the cell cycle. The sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs can be improved with the cooperation of cell cycle regulators. In this review, the influence of the cell cycle on tumorigenesis and development is introduced briefly. The current strategies of combining chemotherapeutic drugs and cell cycle regulators through co-delivery systems are discussed in detail. We also sketch the possibility of treating tumors mildly via artificially controlling the cell cycle and outline the challenges and perspectives about the improvement of co-delivery systems for cancer therapy.

The three-dimensional colloidal crystal materials have unique optical properties and spatial structure due to their ordered arrangement and have great potential to prepare three-dimensionally ordered microporous (3DOM) materials. This review outlines various methods for preparing three-dimensional colloidal crystals (3DCCs). The preparation methods of commonly used colloidal particles are introduced in detail, and the effects of different parameters on the assembly of 3DCCs are discussed. On this basis, using the colloidal crystal template (CCT) method to prepare 3DOM materials. After that, the common stacking methods and defects of 3DCCs were analyzed. The latter part of this review discusses the main applications of 3DCCs, namely optical materials, adsorption materials, sensors, porous electrode materials, inverse colloidal crystal (ICC) scaffolds, and other popular applications in recent years.