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Dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19, untuk menjaga ketahanan pangan, Pimpinan Pusat Aisyiyah mengimbau kepada semua anggota Aisyiyah untuk menggalakkan gerakan lumbung hidup. Mitra pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah Ranting Aisyiyah Sidomulyo. Pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan agar anggota Aisyiyah mampu mengoptimalkan lahan pekarangan dengan melakukan budidaya aloe vera dan mampu meningkatkan keterampilan dalam mengolah berbagai macam olahan makanan dengan bahan baku aloe vera. Metode yang digunakan untuk pencapaian tujuan adalah dengan melakukan sosialisasi gerakan lumbung hidup Aisyiyah, penyuluhan manfaat optimalisasi pekarangan, dan memberikan pelatihan tentang cara mengolah aloe vera menjadi berbagai macam makanan. Implikasi dari hasil pengabdian masyarakat adalah dengan budidaya tanaman aloe vera hasil panennya dapat dijual untuk meningkatkan penghasilan keluarga. Di samping itu, dengan semakin tingginya keterampilan yang dimiliki oleh anggota Aisyiyah dalam mengolah berbagai makanan dari bahan aloe vera, produknya bisa dijual dan ini juga merupakan sumber penghasilan keluarga. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan berdasarkan hasil monitoring yaitu bahwa semua peserta pelatihan yang diberi bibit aloe vera sudah menanamnya di pekarangan masing-masing dan pertumbuhannya cukup bagus di mana pada saat diberi bibit aloe vera tingginya 20 cm sekarang sudah mencapai 45 cm dan dagingnya sudah mulai tebal. Untuk praktik pembuatan minuman dari bahan baku aloe vera baru 30% yang mempraktekannya dan ada satu yang sudah berani untuk menjualnya walaupun dagingnya masih tipis.

Objective: Food processing greatly contributed to increased food safety, diversity, and accessibility. However, the prevalence of highly palatable and highly processed food in our modern diet has exacerbated obesity rates and contributed to a global health crisis. While accumulating evidence suggests that chronic consumption of such foods is detrimental to sensory and neural physiology, it is unclear whether its short-term intake has adverse effects. Here, we assessed how short-term consumption (<2 months) of three diets varying in composition and macronutrient content influence olfaction and brain metabolism in mice., Methods: The diets tested included a grain-based standard chow diet (CHOW; 54% carbohydrate, 32% protein, 14% fat; #8604 Teklad Rodent diet , Envigo Inc.), a highly processed control diet (hpCTR; 70% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 10% fat; #D12450B, Research Diets Inc.), and a highly processed high-fat diet (hpHFD; 20% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 60% fat; #D12492, Research Diets Inc.). We performed behavioral and metabolic phenotyping, electro-olfactogram (EOG) recordings, brain glucose metabolism imaging, and mitochondrial respirometry in different brain regions. We also performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) in the nose and across several brain regions, and conducted differential expression analysis, gene ontology, and network analysis., Results: We show that short-term consumption of the two highly processed diets, but not the grain-based diet, regardless of macronutrient content, adversely affects odor-guided behaviors, physiological responses to odorants, transcriptional profiles in the olfactory mucosa and brain regions, and brain glucose metabolism and mitochondrial respiration., Conclusions: Even short periods of highly processed food consumption are sufficient to cause early olfactory and brain abnormalities, which has the potential to alter food choices and influence the risk of developing metabolic disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.)

We report a pleiotropic disease due to loss-of-function mutations in RHBDF2, the gene encoding iRHOM2, in two kindreds with recurrent infections in different organs. One patient had recurrent pneumonia but no colon involvement, another had recurrent infectious hemorrhagic colitis but no lung involvement and the other two experienced recurrent respiratory infections. Loss of iRHOM2, a rhomboid superfamily member that regulates the ADAM17 metalloproteinase, caused defective ADAM17-dependent cleavage and release of cytokines, including tumor-necrosis factor and amphiregulin. To understand the diverse clinical phenotypes, we challenged Rhbdf2 -/- mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by nasal gavage and observed more severe pneumonia, whereas infection with Citrobacter rodentium caused worse inflammatory colitis than in wild-type mice. The fecal microbiota in the colitis patient had characteristic oral species that can predispose to colitis. Thus, a human immunodeficiency arising from iRHOM2 deficiency causes divergent disease phenotypes that can involve the local microbial environment., (© 2021. This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

Aims/introduction: To study the epidemiology, genetic landscape and causes of childhood diabetes mellitus in the State of Qatar., Materials and Methods: All patients (aged 0-18 years) with diabetes mellitus underwent biochemical, immunological and genetic testing. American Diabetes Association guidelines were used to classify types of diabetes mellitus. The incidence and prevalence of all the different types of diabetes mellitus were calculated., Results: Total number of children with diabetes mellitus was 1,325 (type 1 n = 1,096, ≥1 antibody; type 2 n = 104, type 1B n = 53; maturity onset diabetes of the young n = 20; monogenic autoimmune n = 4; neonatal diabetes mellitus n = 10;, syndromic diabetes mellitus n = 23; and double diabetes mellitus n = 15). The incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes were 38.05 and 249.73 per 100,000, respectively, and for type 2 were 2.51 and 23.7 per 100,000, respectively. The incidence of neonatal diabetes mellitus was 34.4 per 1,000,000 live births, and in indigenous Qataris the incidence was 43.6 per 1,000,000 live births. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in Qatari children was double compared with other nationalities. The prevalence of maturity onset diabetes of the young in Qatar was 4.56 per 100,000., Conclusions: This is the first prospective and comprehensive study to document the epidemiology and genetic landscape of childhood diabetes mellitus in this region. Qatar has the fourth highest incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus, with the incidence and prevalence being higher in Qatari compared with non-Qatari. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is also higher in Qatar than in Western countries. The incidence of neonatal diabetes mellitus is the second highest in the world. GCK is the most common form of maturity onset diabetes of the young, and a large number of patients have type 1B diabetes mellitus., (© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Odor perception in non-humans is poorly understood. Here, we generated the most comprehensive mouse olfactory ethological atlas to date, consisting of behavioral responses to a diverse panel of 73 odorants, including 12 at multiple concentrations. These data revealed that mouse behavior is incredibly diverse and changes in response to odorant identity and concentration. Using only behavioral responses observed in other mice, we could predict which of two odorants was presented to a held-out mouse 82% of the time. Considering all 73 possible odorants, we could uniquely identify the target odorant from behavior on the first try 20% of the time and 46% within five attempts. Although mouse behavior is difficult to predict from human perception, they share three fundamental properties: first, odor valence parameters explained the highest variance of olfactory perception. Second, physicochemical properties of odorants can be used to predict the olfactory percept. Third, odorant concentration quantitatively and qualitatively impacts olfactory perception. These results increase our understanding of mouse olfactory behavior and how it compares to human odor perception and provide a template for future comparative studies of olfactory percepts among species., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests J.D.M. receives research funding from Google Research and Procter & Gamble and was on the scientific advisory board of Aromyx and received compensation for these activities. R.C.G. receives research funding from Google Research and The Taylor Corporation and is on the advisory board of Climax Foods. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare condition that occurs within the first six months of life. Permanent NDM (PNDM) is caused by mutations in specific genes that are known for their expression at early and/or late stages of pancreatic beta- cell development, and are either involved in beta-cell survival, insulin processing, regulation, and release. The native population in Qatar continues to practice consanguineous marriages that lead to a high level of homozygosity. To our knowledge, there is no previous report on the genomics of NDM among the Qatari population. The aims of the current study are to identify patients with NDM diagnosed between 2001 and 2016, and examine their clinical and genetic characteristics., Methods: To calculate the incidence of PNDM, all patients with PNDM diagnosed between 2001 and 2016 were compared to the total number of live births over the 16-year-period. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was used to investigate the genetic etiology in the PNDM cohort., Results: PNDM was diagnosed in nine (n = 9) patients with an estimated incidence rate of 1:22,938 live births among the indigenous Qatari. Seven different mutations in six genes (PTF1A, GCK, SLC2A2, EIF2AK3, INS, and HNF1B) were identified. In the majority of cases, the genetic etiology was part of a previously identified autosomal recessive disorder. Two novel de novo mutations were identified in INS and HNF1B., Conclusion: Qatar has the second highest reported incidence of PNDM worldwide. A majority of PNDM cases present as rare familial autosomal recessive disorders. Pancreas associated transcription factor 1a (PTF1A) enhancer deletions are the most common cause of PNDM in Qatar, with only a few previous cases reported in the literature., (© 2019 The Authors. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that have potent cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. NK cell recognition and activity towards cancer cells are regulated by an integrated interplay between numerous inhibitory and activating receptors acting in concert to eliminate tumor cells expressing cognate ligands. Despite strong evidence supporting the role of NK cells in breast cancer (BC) control, BC still develops and progresses to form large tumors and metastases. A major mechanism of BC escape from NK immunity is the alteration of the expression of NK receptor ligands. The aim of this study was to determine whether NK receptor ligands' mRNA expression might influence prognosis in BC patients and whether these effects differ by molecular subtypes and clinicopathological features., Methods: We used the KM plotter platform to analyze the correlation between mRNA expression of 32 NK receptor ligands and relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in 3951 and 1402 BC patients, respectively. The association with tumor subtypes and clinicopathological features was determined. BC samples were split into high and low expression groups according to the best cutoff value and the two patient cohorts were compared by Kaplan-Meier survival plots. The hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals and log rank P values were calculated and FDR-adjusted for multiple testing correction. The data was considered to be statistically significant when FDR-adjusted P value < 0.05., Results: High mRNA expression of around 80% of ligands for NK activating and inhibitory receptors associated with better RFS, which correlated with longer OS for only about half of the NK-activating ligands but for most NK-inhibitory ligands. Also, five NK-activating ligands correlated with worse prognosis. These prognostic values were differentially associated with the BC clinical criteria. In addition, the favorable prognostic influence of NK-activating ligands' upregulation, as a whole, was mainly significantly associated with HER2-positive and basal-like subtypes, lymph node positive phenotype, and high-grade tumors., Conclusions: NK receptor ligands appear to play an important role in defining BC patient prognosis. Identification of a group of patients with worse prognosis expressing high levels of NK-activating ligands and low levels of NK-inhibitory ligands makes them ideal potential candidates for NK-based immunotherapy to eliminate residual tumor cells, prevent relapse and improve patient survival., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare that they have no competing interests.